There be 句型

一、基础结构与核心规则

标准结构:There + be动词(is/are/was/were)+ 主语 + 状语

核心逻辑:表示“某处/某时存在某人/物”,主语位于be动词后,遵循“就近一致原则”(be动词与紧邻主语单复数一致)。

单复数规则:单数/不可数主语 → is/was

There is a laptop on the desk.(桌上有一台笔记本电脑。)

There was little water in the bottle yesterday.(昨天瓶子里几乎没水。)

单复数规则:复数主语 → are/were

There are three dogs in the park.(公园里有三只狗。)

There were many tourists in the city last summer.(去年夏天这座城市有很多游客。)

单复数规则:多主语并列 → 与第一个主语一致

There is a pen, two erasers and a ruler in the pencil case.(笔袋里有一支钢笔、两块橡皮和一把尺子。)

二、时态与情态动词拓展

1. 一般将来时:There will be / There is/are going to be

There will be a concert next Friday.(下周五有一场音乐会。)

There is going to be a heavy rain tomorrow.(明天将有一场大雨。)

2. 过去将来时:There would be / There was/were going to be

He said there would be a meeting the next day.(他说第二天有一场会议。)

There was going to be a party, but it was canceled.(原本计划有场派对,但被取消了。)

3. 情态动词+be:There + 情态动词(can/must/may等)+ be

There must be a mistake in the report.(报告里一定有错误。)

There may be someone waiting for you outside.(可能有人在外面等你。)

There should be more parks in the city.(这座城市应该有更多公园。)

There can’t be any students in the classroom now.(现在教室里不可能有学生。)

There might be a solution to this problem.(这个问题可能有一个解决方案。)

三、否定与疑问形式

1. 否定句:There + be + not/never/nothing/no...

There isn’t a café on this street.(这条街上没有咖啡馆。)

There were never any secrets between them.(他们之间从没有秘密。)

There is nothing in the box.(盒子里什么都没有。)

There are no books left on the shelf.(书架上没有剩下的书了。)

There wasn’t any noise outside last night.(昨晚外面没有任何噪音。)

2. 一般疑问句:Be + there + 主语...?

Is there a hospital near here?(这附近有医院吗?)

Were there many people at the party?(派对上有很多人吗?)

Will there be a new movie next month?(下个月会有新电影吗?)

Can there be a mistake in the calculation?(计算中会有错误吗?)

Was there going to be a tour last week?(上周原本计划有旅行吗?)

3. 特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词 + be + there...?

What is there in the fridge?(冰箱里有什么?)

How many students are there in your class?(你们班有多少学生?)

When will there be a decision?(什么时候会有决定?)

Why was there a power cut yesterday?(昨天为什么停电?)

Where can there be a parking lot nearby?(附近哪里有停车场?)

四、非谓语动词与复合结构

1. There being + 主语(独立主格结构)用于句首或句中,表原因/条件,相当于状语从句

There being no bus, we had to walk home.(因为没有公交车,我们不得不步行回家。)

There being little time left, she hurried to the airport.(由于时间所剩无几,她匆忙赶往机场。)

There being no reply, he decided to send an email.(因为没有回复,他决定发一封邮件。)

There being a heavy snow, the flight was delayed.(由于下大雪,航班延误了。)

There being no evidence, the case was dismissed.(因为没有证据,案件被驳回了。)

2. There to be + 主语(不定式结构)常用于动词/介词后,表“预期存在”

I want there to be a clear explanation.(我希望有一个清晰的解释。)

She expects there to be more opportunities.(她期待有更多机会。)

They plan there to be a meeting next week.(他们计划下周开一次会。)

There needs to be a change in the system.(系统需要做出改变。)

He asked for there to be no delays.(他要求不要有延误。)

五、特殊句型与固定搭配

1. There is no + 名词/动名词(表“不可能”)

There is no doubt that he is right.(毫无疑问他是对的。)

There is no sense in arguing.(争论没有意义。)

There is no point in waiting.(等待没有意义。)

There is no excuse for being late.(迟到没有借口。)

There is no hope of winning the game.(赢这场比赛没有希望。)

2. There exists/lies/stands...(强化存在语气)

There exists a gap between theory and practice.(理论与实践之间存在差距。)

There lies a small village at the foot of the mountain.(山脚下有一个小村庄。)

There stands an ancient tower in the city center.(市中心矗立着一座古塔。)

There remains a problem to be solved.(还有一个问题有待解决。)

There appears to be a misunderstanding.(似乎存在一个误解。)

六、与have/has的对比(避免混淆)

There be 客观存在(某处有某物)There is a garden behind the house.(房子后面有个花园。)

Have/Has 所属关系(某人/物拥有)The house has a garden behind it.(房子后面有个花园。)

错误:There has a book.(×)

纠正:There is a book. / He has a book.(√)

七、易错点与典型纠正

1. 错误:There are a pen and two books.(×)

纠正:There is a pen and two books.(√)(就近原则,a pen为单数)

2. 错误:There will have a party tomorrow.(×)

纠正:There will be a party tomorrow.(√)(there be不能与have连用)

3. 错误:There is no rooms available.(×)

纠正:There are no rooms available.(√)(rooms为复数,be动词用are)

英语基础