[2]句法:名词性从句:宾语从句
宾语从句是名词性从句的核心类型之一,其功能相当于名词,在主句中充当宾语,可接在及物动词、介词或某些形容词后,用于表达“动作的对象、内容”或“介词/形容词的逻辑宾语”。宾语从句需用陈述语序(主语+谓语,不可用疑问语序),且常由连接词引导,核心是明确“宾语的具体内容”。
宾语从句的基本结构为:主句(主语+谓语/介词/形容词)+ 连接词 + 宾语从句(陈述语序)。
根据从句内容是否为“疑问”,连接词可分为三类:
1. 从属连词that:引导“陈述句性质的宾语从句”(从句内容是事实或确定信息),无实际含义,在口语或非正式语境中可省略(但引导多个并列宾语从句时,仅第一个that可省)。
2. 连接代词who/whom/whose/what/which:引导“特殊疑问句性质的宾语从句”(从句内容是疑问),有实际含义(表“谁/谁的/什么/哪一个”),在从句中需充当主语、宾语或定语,不可省略。
3. 连接副词when/where/why/how:引导“特殊疑问句性质的宾语从句”,有实际含义(表“何时/何地/为什么/如何”),在从句中充当状语,不可省略。
4. 从属连词if/whether:引导“一般疑问句性质的宾语从句”(从句内容是“是否……”),两者含义基本一致,但“whether”可与“or not”连用,或用于介词后/不定式前,“if”不可。
一、从属连词 that 引导的宾语从句(表确定事实)
适用场景:主句谓语是及物动词(如say, think, believe, know, tell等),从句内容是确定的陈述,无疑问。
关键特点:that无含义,可省略(但从句较长或有强调意味时,保留that更清晰);从句必须用陈述语序。
1. She told me (that) she would visit her grandparents next weekend.(她告诉我她下周末要去看望祖父母。that可省略,从句用过去将来时,呼应主句过去时“told”)
2. I think (that) English is one of the most important languages in the world.(我认为英语是世界上最重要的语言之一。that可省略,从句用一般现在时,表客观事实)
3. He believes (that) hard work will always lead to success.(他相信努力工作总会通向成功。that可省略,从句表个人观点)
4. The teacher said (that) we need to finish our homework before Friday.(老师说我们需要在周五前完成作业。that可省略,从句用一般现在时,表要求)
5. We know (that) the earth goes around the sun.(我们知道地球绕着太阳转。that可省略,从句用一般现在时,表客观真理,不受主句时态影响)
6. My mom reminded me (that) I should take an umbrella because it might rain.(妈妈提醒我应该带把伞,因为可能会下雨。that可省略,从句用情态动词“should”表建议)
7. He told us (that) he had lived in Beijing for 10 years before moving to Shanghai.(他告诉我们,在搬到上海之前,他已经在北京住了10年。that可省略,从句用过去完成时,表“搬上海”之前的动作)
8. I think (that) it is necessary for us to learn how to use computers.(我认为我们有必要学习如何使用电脑。that可省略,从句用“it is+形容词+to do”结构)
9. The news report said (that) the number of pandas in China has increased in recent years.(新闻报道称,近年来中国大熊猫的数量有所增加。that可省略,从句用现在完成时,表“到目前为止”的变化)
10. She promised (that) she would not be late for the meeting again.(她承诺再也不会开会迟到了。that可省略,从句用过去将来时,呼应主句过去时“promised”)
二、连接代词 who/whom/whose/what/which 引导的宾语从句(表特殊疑问)
适用场景:主句谓语是及物动词(如know, ask, tell, wonder等)或介词(如about, for等),从句内容是“谁/什么/哪一个”等特殊疑问,连接代词在从句中需充当主语、宾语或定语。
关键特点:连接代词有实际含义,不可省略;从句必须用陈述语序(不可说“what is he doing”,需说“what he is doing”)。
1. I don’t know who will give us a speech tomorrow.(我不知道明天谁会给我们做演讲。who在从句中作主语,表“谁”)
2. She asked me whom she should invite to her birthday party.(她问我应该邀请谁去她的生日派对。whom在从句中作宾语,表“谁”,口语中可换为who)
3. Do you know whose bag this is? I found it on the desk.(你知道这是谁的包吗?我在桌子上找到的。whose在从句中作定语,修饰“bag”,表“谁的”)
4. He didn’t tell me what he wanted to buy for his mother.(他没告诉我他想给妈妈买什么。what在从句中作宾语,表“什么”)
5. Can you tell me which book is the most suitable for beginners?(你能告诉我哪本书最适合初学者吗?which在从句中作定语,修饰“book”,表“哪一本”)
6. We are discussing who will be in charge of the project next month.(我们正在讨论下个月谁来负责这个项目。who在从句中作主语)
7. She wondered whom the teacher had praised in class just now.(她想知道老师刚才在课堂上表扬了谁。whom在从句中作宾语,用过去完成时呼应主句过去时“wondered”)
8. Do you remember what we talked about at the meeting yesterday?(你记得我们昨天在会议上讨论了什么吗?what在从句中作宾语)
9. He asked me which bus he should take to get to the train station.(他问我应该坐哪路公交车去火车站。which在从句中作定语,修饰“bus”)
10. I don’t know whose advice we should follow to solve this problem.(我不知道解决这个问题应该听从谁的建议。whose在从句中作定语,修饰“advice”)
三、连接副词 when/where/why/how 引导的宾语从句(表特殊疑问)
适用场景:主句谓语是及物动词(如know, ask, forget, understand等)或介词(如about, on等),从句内容是“何时/何地/为什么/如何”等特殊疑问,连接副词在从句中充当状语。
关键特点:连接副词有实际含义,不可省略;从句必须用陈述语序(不可说“when will he come”,需说“when he will come”)。
1. Can you tell me when the next train to Beijing will arrive?(你能告诉我下一班去北京的火车什么时候到吗?when在从句中作时间状语,表“何时”)
2. I don’t know where we can find a good restaurant near here.(我不知道我们在哪里能找到附近的好餐厅。where在从句中作地点状语,表“何地”)
3. She asked the teacher why she had failed the math exam.(她问老师为什么她数学考试不及格。why在从句中作原因状语,表“为什么”,用过去完成时呼应主句过去时“asked”)
4. Do you remember how we can get to the museum from here?(你记得从这里怎么去博物馆吗?how在从句中作方式状语,表“如何”)
5. He didn’t tell me when he would return the book I lent him.(他没告诉我他什么时候会还我借给他的书。when在从句中作时间状语,用过去将来时呼应主句过去时“told”)
6. I wonder where they will hold the company’s annual meeting this year.(我想知道他们今年会在哪里举行公司年会。where在从句中作地点状语)
7. The student asked the professor why this theory was so important in science.(学生问教授为什么这个理论在科学中如此重要。why在从句中作原因状语,从句用一般过去时表客观事实)
8. Can you explain how we can solve this problem step by step?(你能解释一下我们如何一步步解决这个问题吗?how在从句中作方式状语)
9. I don’t know when my parents will come back from their trip.(我不知道我父母什么时候会旅行回来。when在从句中作时间状语)
10. She asked me where I had bought the beautiful dress I was wearing.(她问我我身上穿的这条漂亮裙子是在哪里买的。where在从句中作地点状语,用过去完成时呼应主句过去时“asked”)
四、从属连词 if/whether 引导的宾语从句(表“是否”)
适用场景:主句谓语是及物动词(如know, ask, wonder, decide等)或介词(仅whether可接介词后),从句内容是“是否……”的一般疑问,两者均可表“是否”,但有使用差异:
whether可与“or not”连用(whether...or not),if不可;
whether可用于介词后(如think about whether...),if不可;
whether可用于不定式前(如whether to go...),if不可。
关键特点:if/whether有“是否”的含义,不可省略;从句必须用陈述语序。
1. I wonder if (whether) it will rain this weekend.(我想知道这周末是否会下雨。if和whether可互换,表“是否”)
2. She asked me whether I would go to the concert with her or not.(她问我是否愿意和她一起去听音乐会。与or not连用,只能用whether)
3. We haven’t decided if (whether) we should take the morning flight or the afternoon flight.(我们还没决定应该坐早上的航班还是下午的航班。if和whether可互换)
4. He is thinking about whether he should accept the job offer from that company.(他正在考虑是否应该接受那家公司的工作邀请。用于介词about后,只能用whether)
5. Do you know if (whether) the library is open on Sundays?(你知道图书馆周日是否开放吗?if和whether可互换)
6. She can’t decide whether to study abroad or find a job after graduation.(她无法决定毕业后是出国留学还是找工作。用于不定式前,只能用whether)
7. I asked him if (whether) he had seen my keys somewhere.(我问他是否在某个地方看到过我的钥匙。if和whether可互换,从句用过去完成时呼应主句过去时“asked”)
8. We need to find out whether this information is true or not.(我们需要弄清楚这个信息是否真实。与or not连用,只能用whether)
9. He didn’t tell me if (whether) he would attend the meeting tomorrow.(他没告诉我明天是否会参加会议。if和whether可互换,从句用过去将来时呼应主句过去时“told”)
10. The manager is considering whether to increase the employees’ salaries next year.(经理正在考虑明年是否给员工涨工资。用于不定式前,只能用whether)
五、宾语从句的核心语法规则(补充)
1. 语序规则:无论原疑问句是何种语序,宾语从句中必须用陈述语序(主语在前,谓语在后)。
错误:Do you know what is his name?
正确:Do you know what his name is?
2. 时态呼应:
若主句是一般现在时/一般将来时,从句可根据实际情况用任意时态(客观真理用一般现在时);
若主句是一般过去时/过去进行时,从句需用“过去相关时态”(如一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时),但客观真理仍用一般现在时。
例:He said (that) the earth goes around the sun.(“地球绕太阳转”是客观真理,用一般现在时,不受主句过去时影响)
3. 否定转移:当主句谓语是“think/believe/suppose/expect”等,且主语是第一人称(I/we)时,从句的否定需转移到主句上(“我认为不……”不说“I think not...”,而说“I don’t think...”)。
错误:I think he won’t come.
正确:I don’t think he will come.
英语基础
- 陈一男基础英语研究
- 2023年广东中考英语试题
- 2024年广东中考英语试题
- 2025年广东中考英语试题(待续)
- 学习英语最有效的方法与学习路径
- 词法:名代形副动,数介连叹助
- 词法:名词
- 词法:代词
- 词法:冠词:a、an、the、零冠词
- 词法:形容词
- 词法:副词
- 词法:数词:基数、序数
- 词法:量词
- 词法:感叹词:What! Yes!
- 词法:连词: F、A、N、B、O、Y、S
- 词法:介词:位、时、方、手段、原因、目的
- 词法:易混淆介词:时间、地点、方式、关系
- 词法:动词
- 句法:非谓语动词:不定式、动名词、分词
- 短语:名短、动短、形短、副短、介短
- 构词法:英语中创造新单词的规则和方法
- 前缀 + 词根:仅改词义,不改词性
- 词根 + 后缀:改变词性,可微调词义
- 合成法:A+B
- 转化法:单词不改变形式,直接变词性
- 缩略法:缩短原词构成新词
- 构词法:名词后缀
- 单词记忆:语言学习的基础
- [1]一般现在时 do/does
- [2]一般过去时 did
- [3]一般将来时 will + 动原
- [4]一般过去将来时 would + 动原
- [1]现在进行时 be(am/is/are) + 现分
- [2]过去进行时 was/were + 现分
- [3]将来进行时 will be + 现分
- [4]过去将来进行时 would be + 现分
- [1]现在完成时 have/has + 过分
- [2]过去完成时 had + 过分
- [3]将来完成时 will have + 过分
- [4]过去将来完成时 would have + 过分
- [1]现在完成进行时 have/has been+现分
- [2]过去完成进行时 had been+现分
- [3]将来完成进行时 will have been+现分
- [4]过去将来完成进行时 would have been+现分
- 语态:主动语态、被动语态
- 句子结构:核心是“主谓关系”
- 句法:存在句 There be 句型
- 句法:拥有句 have/has 句型
- [1]主语:句子所叙述的主体
- [2]谓语:陈述主语的动作、状态或特征
- [3]宾语:动作的目标 或 关联的对象
- [4]定语:回答关于中心词的疑问
- [5]状语:回答关于句子成分的疑问
- [6]补语:对主语或宾语进行补充定性
- [7]表语:必须搭配系动词
- [8]同位语:给本位语贴标签、做注释
- 主谓一致:主语和谓语在人称和数保持一致
- 句子的分类:按结构分类、按功能分类
- 直接引语 和 间接引语
- [1]句法:名词性从句:主语从句
- [2]句法:名词性从句:宾语从句
- [3]句法:名词性从句:表语从句
- [4]句法:名词性从句:同位语从句
- 句法:定语从句:7W + 1T
- [1]时间状语从句:when、while、as
- [2]地点状语从句:where、wherever
- [3]原因状语从句:because、since、as
- [4]条件状语从句:if、unless、as long as
- [5]目的状语从句:so that、in order that
- [6]结果状语从句:so...that、such...that
- [7]让步状语从句:although/though、while
- [8]方式状语从句:as、as if/as though
- [9]比较状语从句:as...as
- 强调句、倒装句、省略句、虚拟语气句
- 虚拟语气:表达非真实情况的语法结构
- 积累:意思相近的单词
- 积累:be
- 积累:do
- 积累:to
- 积累:no
- 积累:not
- 积累:none
- 积累:nothing
- 积累:good
- 积累:well
- 积累:also
- 积累:get
- 积累:have
- 积累:if
- 积累:whether
- 积累:but
- 积累:or
- 积累:of
- 积累:talk
- 积累:take
- 积累:with
- 积累:by
- 积累:for
- 积累:the
- 积累:than
- 积累:then
- 积累:that
- 积累:this
- 积累:as
- 积累:so
- 积累:such
- 积累:which
- 积累:while
- 积累:where
- 积累:when
- 积累:what
- 积累:how
- 积累:who
- 积累:whom
- 积累:whose
- 积累:many
- 积累:much
- 积累:too
- 积累:very
- 积累:some
- 积累:any
- 积累:few
- 积累:little
- 积累:each
- 积累:every
- 积累:other
- 积累:others
- 积累:another
- 积累:time
- 积累:day
- 积累:before 与 ago
- 积累:in
- 积累:on
- 积累:at
- 听力[A1-01]:Family(家庭)
- 听力[A1-02]:Food(食物)
- 听力[A1-03]:Weather(天气)
- 听力[A1-04]:Supermarket(超市)
- 听力[A1-05]:Transportation(交通工具)
- 听力[A1-06]:Restaurants(餐厅)
- 听力[A1-07]:Weekend plans(周末计划)
- 听力[A1-08]:Pets(宠物)
- 听力[A1-09]:Animals(动物)
- 听力[A1-10]:School life(校园生活)
- 听力[A1-11]:Favorite place(最喜欢的地方)
- 听力[A1-12]:Directions(指路)
- 听力[A1-13]:Music(音乐)
- 听力[A1-14]:Daily Technology Products(日常科技产品)
- 听力[A1-15]:Social Activities(社交活动)
- 听力[A1-16]:Daily Problems(日常问题)
- 听力[A1-17]:Celebrations(庆祝活动)
- 听力[A1-18]:Seasonal Fruits(应季水果)
- 听力[A1-19]:Meeting new people(结识新朋友)
- 听力[A1-20]:Friends(朋友)
- 听力[A1-21]:Stay Guide(住宿指南)
- 听力[A1-22]:Parks(公园)
![[2]句法:名词性从句:宾语从句 [2]句法:名词性从句:宾语从句](https://img.alicdn.com/imgextra/i1/202703964/O1CN01n7hTcj1f9YkJfKzz2_!!202703964.jpg)