[1]句法:名词性从句:主语从句

主语从句是名词性从句的核心类型之一,其本质是“用一个完整的句子充当主句的主语”,相当于名词的功能,用来表达“谁做了什么”或“什么事发生了”中的“主语”部分。主语从句通常由连接词(that, if, whether)、连接代词(who, whom, what, which, whose)或连接副词(when, where, why, how)引导,整体在主句中承担主语角色,谓语动词通常用单数形式(若从句表达单一概念)

1. 主语从句的核心特征:

从句本身是完整的句子(有主谓结构),但需依附主句存在,不能独立成句;

整个从句视为“单数主语”,主句谓语动词多为单数(如is, seems, matters等);

为避免句子“头重脚轻”,常将主语从句后置,用“it”作形式主语(常见结构:It + be动词/系动词 + 表语 + that从句)。

2. 主语从句的引导词:

连接词that(无实际意义,仅起连接作用,不可省略)、if/whether(表“是否”,仅whether可引导主语从句,if不可);

连接代词who(谁,主格)、whom(谁,宾格)、what(什么,可指物/事)、which(哪一个,有选择范围)、whose(谁的,表所属);

连接副词when(何时)、where(何地)、why(为何)、how(如何,表方式/程度)。

一、连接词 that 引导的主语从句

that在主语从句中无实际语义,仅用于连接主句和从句,不可省略(尤其当从句位于句首时)。这类从句常表达“某个事实、观点或情况”,主句谓语多为“be动词(is/was)、seem(似乎)、matter(重要)、turn out(结果是)”等。

1. That he will attend the meeting tomorrow is certain.(他明天会参加会议,这一点是确定的。从句表达“他参加会议”的事实,主句谓语“is”用单数)

2. That she has won the first prize in the competition surprises everyone.(她在比赛中获得了一等奖,这让所有人都很惊讶。从句作主语,主句谓语“surprises”用单数)

3. That we need to protect the environment is a common sense.(我们需要保护环境,这是一个常识。从句表达普遍认可的事实)

4. That the project will be completed on time depends on the team’s effort.(这个项目能否按时完成,取决于团队的努力。从句作主语,主句谓语“depends”用单数)

5. That he missed the early bus is the reason why he was late for work.(他错过了早班车,这是他上班迟到的原因。从句解释“迟到”的原因)

6. That reading can broaden our horizons is known to all.(阅读能拓宽我们的视野,这是众所周知的。从句表达普遍真理,主句用被动语态“is known”)

7. That my parents will visit me next month makes me very happy.(我父母下个月会来看我,这让我非常开心。从句作主语,主句谓语“makes”用单数)

8. That the earth goes around the sun is a scientific fact.(地球绕着太阳转,这是一个科学事实。从句表达客观真理,时态用一般现在时)

9. That we should learn from our mistakes is an important lesson.(我们应该从错误中学习,这是重要的一课。从句表达建议性观点)

10. That the old building will be renovated next year has been announced by the government.(这座旧建筑明年将进行翻新,政府已宣布了这一消息。从句作主语,主句用现在完成时的被动语态)

二、连接词 whether 引导的主语从句

whether在主语从句中表“是否”,有实际语义,不可用if替换(if仅能引导宾语从句,不能引导主语从句)。这类从句常表达“不确定的情况或选择”,主句谓语多为“be动词、remain(仍然是)、depend(取决于)、be unclear(不清楚)”等。

1. Whether he will accept the job offer is still unknown.(他是否会接受这份工作邀请,目前还不清楚。从句表“不确定的选择”,主句谓语“is”用单数)

2. Whether we can finish the task before Friday depends on our efficiency.(我们能否在周五前完成这项任务,取决于我们的效率。从句表“不确定的结果”)

3. Whether the concert will be held as planned has not been decided yet.(这场音乐会是否会按计划举行,尚未决定。从句作主语,主句用现在完成时“has not been decided”)

4. Whether she will join our team is a key question for the project.(她是否会加入我们的团队,对这个项目来说是一个关键问题。从句表“关键选择”)

5. Whether the new policy will be implemented next month is being discussed by the officials.(这项新政策是否会在下个月实施,官员们正在讨论。从句作主语,主句用现在进行时的被动语态)

6. Whether we should take a train or a plane to travel needs to be considered carefully.(我们应该坐火车还是飞机去旅行,需要仔细考虑。从句表“两种选择”,用“or”连接)

7. Whether he has enough experience for the position is the main concern of the interviewers.(他是否有足够的经验胜任这个职位,是面试官们主要关心的问题。从句表“核心顾虑”)

8. Whether the rain will stop this afternoon affects our outdoor activity plan.(今天下午雨是否会停,影响我们的户外活动计划。从句表“不确定的天气情况”)

9. Whether we can get support from the government is crucial for the success of the project.(我们能否得到政府的支持,对项目的成功至关重要。从句表“关键条件”)

10. Whether the students will have a holiday next week will be announced by the school tomorrow.(学生们下周是否会放假,学校明天会宣布。从句作主语,主句用一般将来时)

三、连接代词 who 引导的主语从句(指人,在从句中作主语)

连接代词(who, whom, what, which, whose)在主语从句中既起连接作用,又在从句中充当成分(主语、宾语、定语等),有明确的指代意义(如“谁”“什么”“哪一个”)。

1. Who will be in charge of the department has not been announced yet.(谁将负责这个部门,尚未宣布。who在从句中作主语,表“人”)

2. Who invented the telephone is a question that many children ask.(谁发明了电话,这是很多孩子会问的问题。who在从句中作主语,表达“人”的动作)

3. Who will represent our class in the speech contest is still under discussion.(谁将代表我们班参加演讲比赛,仍在讨论中。who在从句中作主语,表“选择的人”)

4. Who can solve this difficult math problem will get a small reward.(谁能解出这道难的数学题,就能得到一份小奖励。who在从句中作主语,表“有能力的人”)

5. Who will attend the international conference is listed in the document.(谁将参加这次国际会议,文件中已列出。who在从句中作主语,表“参会人员”)

四、连接代词 what 引导的主语从句(指物/事,在从句中作主语、宾语或表语)

1. What he said at the meeting made everyone angry.(他在会议上说的话,让所有人都很生气。what在从句中作宾语(said的宾语),指代“话”)

2. What we need most now is enough time to prepare.(我们现在最需要的,是足够的准备时间。what在从句中作宾语(need的宾语),指代“事物”)

3. What caused the accident is still being investigated by the police.(是什么导致了这场事故,警方仍在调查。what在从句中作主语,指代“原因/事物”)

4. What she has done for the community is highly praised by the residents.(她为社区所做的事,受到了居民们的高度赞扬。what在从句中作宾语(done的宾语),指代“行为”)

5. What will happen tomorrow is unknown to everyone.(明天会发生什么,所有人都不知道。what在从句中作主语,指代“事情”)

五、连接代词 which 引导的主语从句(指人/物,有选择范围,在从句中作主语、宾语或定语)

1. Which team will win the championship is hard to predict.(哪支队伍会赢得冠军,很难预测。which有“选择范围”(多支队伍),在从句中作主语)

2. Which book you should read first depends on your interests.(你应该先读哪本书,取决于你的兴趣。which有“选择范围”(多本书),在从句中作宾语(read的宾语))

3. Which candidate the company will hire will be decided next week.(公司会雇佣哪一位候选人,下周会决定。which有“选择范围”(多位候选人),在从句中作宾语(hire的宾语))

4. Which route we should take to the airport is more efficient.(去机场走哪条路线更高效,需要判断。which有“选择范围”(多条路线),在从句中作宾语(take的宾语))

5. Which city will host the next Olympic Games has been announced.(哪座城市将举办下一届奥运会,已宣布。which有“选择范围”(多个候选城市),在从句中作主语)

六、连接副词 when 引导的主语从句(表时间,在从句中作时间状语)

连接副词(when, where, why, how)在主语从句中既起连接作用,又在从句中作状语(时间、地点、原因、方式/程度),有明确的语义(如“何时”“何地”“为何”)。

1. When the new library will open to the public is a hot topic among students.(新图书馆何时对公众开放,是学生们的热门话题。when在从句中作时间状语)

2. When we should start the project needs to be discussed with the manager.(我们应该何时启动这个项目,需要和经理讨论。when在从句中作时间状语)

3. When the train will arrive at the station is displayed on the screen.(火车何时到达车站,屏幕上有显示。when在从句中作时间状语)

4. When he will return from abroad is still unknown to his family.(他何时从国外回来,他的家人还不知道。when在从句中作时间状语)

5. When the concert will begin has been printed on the ticket.(音乐会何时开始,票上已印出。when在从句中作时间状语)

七、连接副词 where 引导的主语从句(表地点,在从句中作地点状语)

1. Where we will hold the company’s annual meeting is still under discussion.(我们将在哪里举办公司年会,仍在讨论中。where在从句中作地点状语)

2. Where the missing child was found has been reported by the local newspaper.(失踪的孩子是在哪里被找到的,当地报纸已有报道。where在从句中作地点状语)

3. Where we can find a good restaurant in this area is what we are asking now.(在这个区域哪里能找到一家好餐厅,是我们现在在问的问题。where在从句中作地点状语)

4. Where the new school will be built has been decided by the government.(新学校将建在哪里,政府已决定。where在从句中作地点状语)

5. Where he learned to speak such fluent French surprises his colleagues.(他是在哪里学会说这么流利的法语的,这让他的同事们很惊讶。where在从句中作地点状语)

八、连接副词 why 引导的主语从句(表原因,在从句中作原因状语)

1. Why he resigned from his job suddenly is a mystery to everyone.(他为什么突然辞职,对所有人来说都是一个谜。why在从句中作原因状语)

2. Why the plan failed needs to be analyzed carefully.(这个计划为什么失败,需要仔细分析。why在从句中作原因状语)

3. Why she refused to accept the award has not been explained yet.(她为什么拒绝接受这个奖项,尚未解释。why在从句中作原因状语)

4. Why the prices of vegetables have risen recently is being studied by experts.(最近蔬菜价格为什么上涨,专家们正在研究。why在从句中作原因状语)

5. Why we need to learn a second language is explained in this book.(我们为什么需要学第二门语言,这本书中有解释。why在从句中作原因状语)

九、连接副词 how 引导的主语从句(表方式/程度,在从句中作方式/程度状语)

1. How we can improve our English speaking skills is the main topic of today’s class.(我们如何提高英语口语能力,是今天课的主要话题。how在从句中作方式状语)

2. How he managed to finish the task in such a short time is amazing.(他是如何在这么短的时间内完成任务的,太令人惊讶了。how在从句中作方式状语)

3. How much money we need to raise for the charity has been calculated.(我们需要为慈善机构筹集多少钱,已计算出来。how much表程度,在从句中作定语(修饰money))

4. How the ancient Egyptians built the pyramids is still a question for historians.(古埃及人是如何建造金字塔的,对历史学家来说仍是一个问题。how在从句中作方式状语)

5. How to solve this problem effectively is what we are trying to figure out.(如何有效解决这个问题,是我们正在努力弄清楚的事。how在从句中作方式状语,“how to do”结构作主语)

十、主语从句的“形式主语it”结构(高频考点)

当主语从句较长时,直接放在句首会导致句子“头重脚轻”,此时常用it作形式主语,将真正的主语从句后置,使句子结构更平衡。

常见结构为:It + be动词/系动词 + 表语(形容词/名词) + 真正的主语从句(that/whether/连接代词/连接副词引导)

1. It is important that we should learn to respect others.(我们应该学会尊重他人,这很重要。it是形式主语,真正主语是“that we should learn to respect others”)

2. It is still unknown whether the team will qualify for the final.(这支队伍能否晋级决赛,仍不清楚。it是形式主语,真正主语是“whether the team will qualify for the final”)

3. It is a mystery why he left the company without saying goodbye.(他为什么不辞而别离开公司,是一个谜。it是形式主语,真正主语是“why he left the company without saying goodbye”)

4. It has been proved that regular exercise is good for health.(有证据表明,规律运动对健康有益。it是形式主语,真正主语是“that regular exercise is good for health”,主句用被动语态)

5. It depends on the weather whether we will go for a picnic this weekend.(我们这周末是否去野餐,取决于天气。it是形式主语,真正主语是“whether we will go for a picnic this weekend”)

6. It is surprising what he has achieved in just one year.(他在短短一年内取得的成就,令人惊讶。it是形式主语,真正主语是“what he has achieved in just one year”)

7. It is necessary that we should prepare for the exam in advance.(我们应该提前为考试做准备,这很有必要。it是形式主语,真正主语是“that we should prepare for the exam in advance”)

8. It is still under discussion where the new office will be located.(新办公室将位于哪里,仍在讨论中。it是形式主语,真正主语是“where the new office will be located”)

9. It is a fact that the earth is round.(地球是圆的,这是一个事实。it是形式主语,真正主语是“that the earth is round”)

10. It is unclear how they will solve the financial problem.(他们将如何解决这个财务问题,尚不清楚。it是形式主语,真正主语是“how they will solve the financial problem”)

英语基础