词法:量词
量词(Quantifier)是英语中用于表示人、事物或动作的数量、范围或程度的词类,核心功能是明确名词的“数量多少”“范围大小”或“整体中的部分”,避免语义模糊(如“a book”明确“一本书”,而非泛指“书”)。英语量词根据修饰对象(可数名词/不可数名词)和功能,可分为多个类别。
1. 修饰对象限定:
部分量词仅修饰可数名词复数(如many, few, several);
部分量词仅修饰不可数名词(如much, little, a great deal of);
部分量词可修饰可数名词复数或不可数名词(如some, any, a lot of)。
2. 功能差异:
表“具体数量”(如two, three, a dozen);
表“不确定数量”(如some, any, many);
表“数量多少的程度”(如few表“少”,many表“多”;little表“少”,much表“多”);
表“整体中的部分”(如some of, most of, all of)。
一、修饰可数名词复数的量词(表“可数事物的数量”)
这类量词仅用于可数名词的复数形式,明确“有多少个可数事物”,常见的有:many(许多)、few(很少,表否定)、a few(一些,表肯定)、several(几个)、a number of(若干,许多)、dozens of(几十)、hundreds of(成百上千)、thousands of(成千上万)、millions of(数百万)、scores of(二十多个)。
1. There are many students playing basketball on the playground after class.(课后有很多学生在操场打篮球。“many”修饰可数名词复数“students”,表“数量多”)
2. He has few friends in this new city, so he often feels lonely.(他在这座新城市里没什么朋友,所以经常感到孤独。“few”修饰可数名词复数“friends”,表“数量少,含否定意义”)
3. Could you please give me a few minutes to explain my plan?(你能给我几分钟时间解释我的计划吗?“a few”修饰可数名词复数“minutes”,表“数量少但肯定,即‘一些’”)
4. She bought several books about history during her trip to the bookstore.(她去书店时买了几本关于历史的书。“several”修饰可数名词复数“books”,表“数量不确定但不多,即‘几个’”)
5. A number of visitors come to this museum every weekend.(每个周末都有若干游客来这座博物馆。“a number of”修饰可数名词复数“visitors”,表“数量较多,相当于‘many’”)
6. The teacher received dozens of cards from her students on Teachers’ Day.(教师节那天,这位老师收到了几十张学生送的贺卡。“dozens of”修饰可数名词复数“cards”,表“数量为几十”)
7. Hundreds of people gathered in the square to watch the New Year’s Eve fireworks.(成百上千的人聚集在广场上观看跨年烟花秀。“hundreds of”修饰可数名词复数“people”,表“数量成百上千”)
8. Thousands of trees were planted in the desert to prevent sandstorms.(为了防治沙尘暴,人们在沙漠里种了成千上万棵树。“thousands of”修饰可数名词复数“trees”,表“数量成千上万”)
9. Millions of fans around the world watched the singer’s online concert.(全球数百万粉丝观看了这位歌手的线上演唱会。“millions of”修饰可数名词复数“fans”,表“数量数百万”)
10. We need scores of chairs for the meeting; there will be many participants.(我们需要二十多把椅子开会,参会者会很多。“scores of”修饰可数名词复数“chairs”,表“数量二十多个”)
二、修饰不可数名词的量词(表“不可数事物的数量/量”)
这类量词仅用于不可数名词(如water, time, money, information),通过“量”的描述明确不可数名词的多少,常见的有:much(许多)、little(很少,表否定)、a little(一些,表肯定)、a great deal of(大量)、a large amount of(大量)、a bit of(一点)、plenty of(充足的)、a good supply of(充足的供应)、a great quantity of(大量)、a small amount of(少量)。
1. She doesn’t have much time to relax because she is busy with work.(她没有太多时间放松,因为她工作很忙。“much”修饰不可数名词“time”,表“数量多”,常用于否定句)
2. There is little milk left in the fridge; we need to buy some tomorrow.(冰箱里没什么牛奶了,我们明天需要买一些。“little”修饰不可数名词“milk”,表“数量少,含否定意义”)
3. Could you add a little sugar to my coffee? I don’t like it too bitter.(能给我的咖啡加一点糖吗?我不喜欢太苦的。“a little”修饰不可数名词“sugar”,表“数量少但肯定,即‘一些’”)
4. He spent a great deal of money on his new car; it’s a luxury brand.(他在新车上花了大量的钱,那是一个奢侈品牌。“a great deal of”修饰不可数名词“money”,表“数量多”)
5. The factory produces a large amount of waste water every day, which pollutes the river.(这家工厂每天产生大量废水,污染了河流。“a large amount of”修饰不可数名词“waste water”,表“数量多”)
6. I need a bit of help with this math problem; it’s too difficult for me.(这道数学题我需要一点帮助,它对我来说太难了。“a bit of”修饰不可数名词“help”,表“数量很少,即‘一点’”)
7. There is plenty of rain in this area during the summer, so the crops grow well.(这个地区夏天雨水充足,所以庄稼长得很好。“plenty of”修饰不可数名词“rain”,表“数量充足,足够使用”)
8. The supermarket has a good supply of fresh vegetables, even in winter.(即使在冬天,这家超市也有充足的新鲜蔬菜供应。“a good supply of”修饰不可数名词“fresh vegetables”(此处“vegetables”虽为复数,但表“蔬菜这一类不可数的量”),表“供应充足”)
9. The research project requires a great quantity of data to support the conclusion.(这个研究项目需要大量数据来支撑结论。“a great quantity of”修饰不可数名词“data”,表“数量多”)
10. She put a small amount of salt in the soup to make it taste better.(她在汤里放了少量盐,让味道更好一些。“a small amount of”修饰不可数名词“salt”,表“数量少”)
三、可修饰可数名词复数或不可数名词的量词(表“通用数量”)
这类量词的适用范围较广,既可修饰可数名词复数(表“多少个”),也可修饰不可数名词(表“多少量”),常见的有:some(一些,肯定句)、any(一些/任何,否定句/疑问句)、a lot of(许多)、lots of(许多,口语化)、plenty of(充足的)、enough(足够的)、most(大多数)、all(全部)、half(一半)、part of(一部分)。
例句(修饰可数名词复数):
1. I bought some apples and bananas from the fruit shop this morning.(今天早上我从水果店买了一些苹果和香蕉。“some”修饰可数名词复数“apples and bananas”,用于肯定句,表“一些”)
2. Do you have any questions about today’s lesson? I’m here to help.(你对今天的课有任何问题吗?我可以帮忙解答。“any”修饰可数名词复数“questions”,用于疑问句,表“任何”)
3. There are a lot of flowers in the garden; they look very beautiful.(花园里有许多花,看起来非常漂亮。“a lot of”修饰可数名词复数“flowers”,表“数量多”)
4. She has lots of friends in her neighborhood, so she never feels bored.(她在小区里有很多朋友,所以从不觉得无聊。“lots of”修饰可数名词复数“friends”,口语化表达“数量多”)
5. Most students in our class like to play football during PE class.(我们班大多数学生喜欢在体育课上踢足球。“most”修饰可数名词复数“students”,表“整体中的大多数”)
例句(修饰不可数名词):
6. Could you give me some water? I’m very thirsty after running.(能给我一些水吗?跑步后我很渴。“some”修饰不可数名词“water”,用于请求的肯定语境,表“一些”)
7. There isn’t any milk in the bottle; we need to open a new one.(瓶子里没有牛奶了,我们得开一瓶新的。“any”修饰不可数名词“milk”,用于否定句,表“一点也没有”)
8. He drinks a lot of tea every day; he says it’s good for his health.(他每天喝很多茶,说这对健康有好处。“a lot of”修饰不可数名词“tea”,表“数量多”)
9. We have enough time to finish the project before the deadline.(我们有足够的时间在截止日期前完成这个项目。“enough”修饰不可数名词“time”,表“数量足够”)
10. Half of the money he earned was sent to his parents in his hometown.(他赚的钱有一半寄给了家乡的父母。“half”修饰不可数名词“money”,表“整体中的一半”)
四、表“具体数量”的量词(基数词+单位词,修饰可数/不可数名词)
这类量词由“基数词(one, two, three...)+ 单位词(piece, bottle, cup, loaf...)”构成,用于精确描述“可数名词的具体个数”或“不可数名词的具体量”,常见单位词:a piece of(一块/一张/一片,修饰不可数名词如bread, paper, news)、a bottle of(一瓶,修饰液体如water, juice, milk)、a cup of(一杯,修饰饮品如coffee, tea)、a loaf of(一条,修饰面包)、a bar of(一块,修饰巧克力、肥皂)、a pair of(一双/一对,修饰成对物品如shoes, socks, glasses)、a box of(一盒,修饰物品如chocolates, matches)、a bag of(一袋,修饰物品如rice, apples)、a bowl of(一碗,修饰食物如noodles, soup)、a plate of(一盘,修饰食物如vegetables, meat)。
1. She gave me a piece of paper to write down my phone number.(她给了我一张纸,让我写下电话号码。“a piece of”+不可数名词“paper”,表“一张纸”)
2. He bought a bottle of orange juice from the vending machine.(他从自动售货机买了一瓶橙汁。“a bottle of”+不可数名词“orange juice”,表“一瓶橙汁”)
3. I usually drink a cup of coffee in the morning to stay awake.(我早上通常喝一杯咖啡保持清醒。“a cup of”+不可数名词“coffee”,表“一杯咖啡”)
4. My mother bought a loaf of bread from the bakery near our home.(我妈妈从家附近的面包店买了一条面包。“a loaf of”+不可数名词“bread”,表“一条面包”)
5. The child received a bar of chocolate as a reward for finishing his homework.(这个孩子因为完成作业,得到了一块巧克力作为奖励。“a bar of”+不可数名词“chocolate”,表“一块巧克力”)
6. She bought a pair of new shoes for the upcoming party.(她为即将到来的派对买了一双新鞋。“a pair of”+可数名词复数“shoes”,表“一双鞋”)
7. We need a box of matches to light the candles on the cake.(我们需要一盒火柴来点燃蛋糕上的蜡烛。“a box of”+可数名词复数“matches”,表“一盒火柴”)
8. The farmer sold a bag of rice to the supermarket this morning.(今天早上,这位农民卖给超市一袋大米。“a bag of”+不可数名词“rice”,表“一袋大米”)
9. He ordered a bowl of beef noodles in his favorite restaurant.(他在最喜欢的餐馆点了一碗牛肉面。“a bowl of”+可数名词复数“noodles”,表“一碗面条”)
10. My father cooked a plate of fried vegetables for dinner.(我爸爸做了一盘炒蔬菜当晚饭。“a plate of”+可数名词复数“vegetables”,表“一盘蔬菜”)
五、量词使用的常见误区(避坑指南)
1. 混淆“可数”与“不可数”:
错误:There are many water in the bottle.(water是不可数名词,需用much)
正确:There is much water in the bottle.
2. “few/little”与“a few/a little”的否定/肯定差异:
“few/little”表否定(“几乎没有”):He has few friends.(他几乎没朋友);There is little milk.(几乎没牛奶)
“a few/a little”表肯定(“有一些”):He has a few friends.(他有一些朋友);There is a little milk.(有一些牛奶)
3. “a number of”与“the number of”的区别:
“a number of + 可数名词复数”(表“许多”,作主语时谓语动词用复数):A number of students are here.(许多学生在这里)
“the number of + 可数名词复数”(表“……的数量”,作主语时谓语动词用单数):The number of students is 50.(学生数量是50)
英语基础
- 陈一男基础英语研究
- 2023年广东中考英语试题
- 2024年广东中考英语试题
- 2025年广东中考英语试题(待续)
- 学习英语最有效的方法与学习路径
- 词法:名代形副动,数介连叹助
- 词法:名词
- 词法:代词
- 词法:冠词:a、an、the、零冠词
- 词法:形容词
- 词法:副词
- 词法:数词:基数、序数
- 词法:量词
- 词法:感叹词:What! Yes!
- 词法:连词: F、A、N、B、O、Y、S
- 词法:介词:位、时、方、手段、原因、目的
- 词法:易混淆介词:时间、地点、方式、关系
- 词法:动词
- 句法:非谓语动词:不定式、动名词、分词
- 短语:名短、动短、形短、副短、介短
- 构词法:英语中创造新单词的规则和方法
- 前缀 + 词根:仅改词义,不改词性
- 词根 + 后缀:改变词性,可微调词义
- 合成法:A+B
- 转化法:单词不改变形式,直接变词性
- 缩略法:缩短原词构成新词
- 构词法:名词后缀
- 单词记忆:语言学习的基础
- [1]一般现在时 do/does
- [2]一般过去时 did
- [3]一般将来时 will + 动原
- [4]一般过去将来时 would + 动原
- [1]现在进行时 be(am/is/are) + 现分
- [2]过去进行时 was/were + 现分
- [3]将来进行时 will be + 现分
- [4]过去将来进行时 would be + 现分
- [1]现在完成时 have/has + 过分
- [2]过去完成时 had + 过分
- [3]将来完成时 will have + 过分
- [4]过去将来完成时 would have + 过分
- [1]现在完成进行时 have/has been+现分
- [2]过去完成进行时 had been+现分
- [3]将来完成进行时 will have been+现分
- [4]过去将来完成进行时 would have been+现分
- 语态:主动语态、被动语态
- 句子结构:核心是“主谓关系”
- 句法:存在句 There be 句型
- 句法:拥有句 have/has 句型
- [1]主语:句子所叙述的主体
- [2]谓语:陈述主语的动作、状态或特征
- [3]宾语:动作的目标 或 关联的对象
- [4]定语:回答关于中心词的疑问
- [5]状语:回答关于句子成分的疑问
- [6]补语:对主语或宾语进行补充定性
- [7]表语:必须搭配系动词
- [8]同位语:给本位语贴标签、做注释
- 主谓一致:主语和谓语在人称和数保持一致
- 句子的分类:按结构分类、按功能分类
- 直接引语 和 间接引语
- [1]句法:名词性从句:主语从句
- [2]句法:名词性从句:宾语从句
- [3]句法:名词性从句:表语从句
- [4]句法:名词性从句:同位语从句
- 句法:定语从句:7W + 1T
- [1]时间状语从句:when、while、as
- [2]地点状语从句:where、wherever
- [3]原因状语从句:because、since、as
- [4]条件状语从句:if、unless、as long as
- [5]目的状语从句:so that、in order that
- [6]结果状语从句:so...that、such...that
- [7]让步状语从句:although/though、while
- [8]方式状语从句:as、as if/as though
- [9]比较状语从句:as...as
- 强调句、倒装句、省略句、虚拟语气句
- 虚拟语气:表达非真实情况的语法结构
- 积累:意思相近的单词
- 积累:be
- 积累:do
- 积累:to
- 积累:no
- 积累:not
- 积累:none
- 积累:nothing
- 积累:good
- 积累:well
- 积累:also
- 积累:get
- 积累:have
- 积累:if
- 积累:whether
- 积累:but
- 积累:or
- 积累:of
- 积累:talk
- 积累:take
- 积累:with
- 积累:by
- 积累:for
- 积累:the
- 积累:than
- 积累:then
- 积累:that
- 积累:this
- 积累:as
- 积累:so
- 积累:such
- 积累:which
- 积累:while
- 积累:where
- 积累:when
- 积累:what
- 积累:how
- 积累:who
- 积累:whom
- 积累:whose
- 积累:many
- 积累:much
- 积累:too
- 积累:very
- 积累:some
- 积累:any
- 积累:few
- 积累:little
- 积累:each
- 积累:every
- 积累:other
- 积累:others
- 积累:another
- 积累:time
- 积累:day
- 积累:before 与 ago
- 积累:in
- 积累:on
- 积累:at
- 听力[A1-01]:Family(家庭)
- 听力[A1-02]:Food(食物)
- 听力[A1-03]:Weather(天气)
- 听力[A1-04]:Supermarket(超市)
- 听力[A1-05]:Transportation(交通工具)
- 听力[A1-06]:Restaurants(餐厅)
- 听力[A1-07]:Weekend plans(周末计划)
- 听力[A1-08]:Pets(宠物)
- 听力[A1-09]:Animals(动物)
- 听力[A1-10]:School life(校园生活)
- 听力[A1-11]:Favorite place(最喜欢的地方)
- 听力[A1-12]:Directions(指路)
- 听力[A1-13]:Music(音乐)
- 听力[A1-14]:Daily Technology Products(日常科技产品)
- 听力[A1-15]:Social Activities(社交活动)
- 听力[A1-16]:Daily Problems(日常问题)
- 听力[A1-17]:Celebrations(庆祝活动)
- 听力[A1-18]:Seasonal Fruits(应季水果)
- 听力[A1-19]:Meeting new people(结识新朋友)
- 听力[A1-20]:Friends(朋友)
- 听力[A1-21]:Stay Guide(住宿指南)
- 听力[A1-22]:Parks(公园)
