[1]时间状语从句:when、while、as

时间状语从句是用于说明主句动作发生的时间背景的从句,通常由特定的从属连词(如when, while, as, before等)引导,核心功能是明确“主句动作何时发生”。根据引导词所表达的时间关系,可分为同时发生、先后发生、直到/一……就…… 等几大类。

一、表“同时发生”的时间状语从句:主句与从句动作同时进行

核心引导词:while(强调动作持续的“时间段”,从句多为进行时)、as(强调动作“伴随/一边……一边……”,可表短暂或持续)、when(可表“时间点”或“时间段”,灵活性强,从句可接任意时态)。

关键区别:

while:从句动作必须是持续性的(如reading, working),常与进行时(过去/现在进行时)搭配;

as:更侧重“动作伴随”,可翻译为“一边……一边……”,从句动作可长可短;

when:适用范围最广,既可表“某个时间点”(从句用短暂性动词,如arrive),也可表“时间段”(从句用持续性动词,如read)。

1. 由while引导的例句(强调持续时间段):

1. While I was doing my homework, my mom was cooking dinner.(我做作业的时候,妈妈正在做饭。主从句均为过去进行时,强调两个持续动作同时发生)

2. He likes to listen to music while he is running in the park.(他在公园跑步时喜欢听音乐。从句用现在进行时,表“跑步”这个持续动作)

3. While the teacher was explaining the problem, some students were taking notes.(老师讲解题目时,一些学生在记笔记。两个持续动作同步进行)

4. It started to rain while we were having a picnic by the lake.(我们在湖边野餐时,开始下雨了。主句是短暂动作,从句是持续动作)

5. She often practices speaking English while she is walking to school.(她经常在步行去学校的路上练习说英语。从句“步行”是持续动作)

6. While my dad was repairing the car, I was helping him pass tools.(爸爸修汽车时,我在帮他递工具。主从句动作持续且同步)

7. The phone rang while I was taking a shower this morning.(今天早上我洗澡时,电话响了。“洗澡”是持续动作,“电话响”是短暂动作)

8. They talked about their travel plans while they were waiting for the train.(他们等火车时,讨论了旅行计划。“等火车”是持续动作)

9. While the children are playing in the yard, their parents are chatting in the living room.(孩子们在院子里玩时,他们的父母在客厅聊天。现在进行时表当前同步动作)

10. He fell asleep while he was watching a boring movie last night.(昨晚他看一部无聊的电影时睡着了。“看电影”是持续动作,“睡着”是短暂动作)

2. 由as引导的例句(强调伴随/一边……一边……):

1. She smiled as she walked into the room.(她走进房间时笑了。“走路”和“微笑”两个动作伴随发生,均为短暂动作)

2. As the sun rose, the birds began to sing.(太阳升起时,鸟儿开始唱歌。“太阳升起”是持续动作,“开始唱歌”是短暂动作)

3. He took photos as we visited the ancient temple.(我们参观古寺时,他在拍照。“参观”和“拍照”伴随进行,表“一边参观一边拍照”)

4. As I grew older, I began to understand my parents’ hard work.(随着我长大,我开始理解父母的辛苦。“长大”是持续过程,“理解”是逐渐发生的动作)

5. She checked her emails as she drank her morning coffee.(她喝早咖啡时查看了邮件。两个日常动作伴随发生)

6. As the wind blew, the leaves fell from the trees.(风吹过时,树叶从树上落下。“风吹”是持续动作,“落叶”是短暂动作)

7. He told me a story as we walked along the riverbank.(我们沿着河岸散步时,他给我讲了一个故事。“散步”和“讲故事”伴随进行)

8. As the meeting ended, everyone stood up and clapped.(会议结束时,所有人都站起来鼓掌。“会议结束”是短暂动作,“鼓掌”是短暂动作)

9. She hummed a song as she folded the clothes.(她叠衣服时哼着歌。“叠衣服”是持续动作,“哼歌”是伴随动作)

10. As the clock struck twelve, we cheered to welcome the new year.(时钟敲响十二点时,我们欢呼着迎接新年。“敲钟”是短暂动作,“欢呼”是短暂动作)

3. 由when引导的例句(表时间点/时间段,灵活适用):

1. I was reading a book when the doorbell rang.(我正在看书时,门铃响了。从句“门铃响”是时间点,主句是持续动作)

2. When she was a child, she lived in a small village with her grandparents.(她小时候和祖父母住在一个小村庄里。从句表“时间段”,用一般过去时)

3. He will call you when he arrives at the airport.(他到达机场时会给你打电话。从句表“未来时间点”,用一般现在时表将来)

4. When I opened the box, I found a surprise inside.(我打开盒子时,发现里面有个惊喜。从句“打开盒子”是短暂动作,表时间点)

5. They were playing basketball when it suddenly started to rain.(他们正在打篮球时,突然开始下雨了。主句持续,从句短暂)

6. When my mom cooks, she always adds a little sugar to the dish.(我妈妈做饭时,总会在菜里加一点糖。从句表“每次做饭”的习惯性时间)

7. I was about to leave when my friend came to visit me.(我正要出门时,朋友来拜访我了。“be about to do...when...”是固定结构,表“正要做……突然……”)

8. When we finished our homework, we went to the cinema together.(我们完成作业后,一起去看了电影。从句动作先发生,主句动作后发生)

9. She cried when she heard the sad news.(她听到这个坏消息时哭了。两个短暂动作同时发生)

10. When the concert starts, please turn off your mobile phones.(音乐会开始时,请关掉手机。从句表未来时间点,用一般现在时表将来)

二、表“先后发生”的时间状语从句:主句与从句动作有明确的先后顺序

核心引导词:before(“在……之前”,从句动作发生在主句之后)、after(“在……之后”,从句动作发生在主句之前)、since(“自从……以来”,从句表“开始时间”,主句多为现在完成时)。

关键逻辑:

before:先发生主句动作,后发生从句动作(或从句动作未发生时,主句已发生);

after:先发生从句动作,后发生主句动作;

since:从句表“过去某个时间点”,主句表“从该时间点持续到现在的动作/状态”,需用现在完成时。

1. 由before引导的例句(在……之前):

1. I will finish my report before I go home this evening.(今晚回家前,我会完成我的报告。主句“完成报告”发生在从句“回家”之前)

2. She had learned English for 5 years before she went to study abroad.(她去留学前,已经学了5年英语。从句用一般过去时,主句用过去完成时,强调“学英语”先于“留学”)

3. Please wash your hands before you have dinner.(吃晚饭前请洗手。“洗手”先于“吃饭”,日常习惯用一般现在时)

4. He left the office before the meeting started.(会议开始前,他就离开了办公室。“离开”先于“会议开始”)

5. I need to buy some fruits before the supermarket closes.(超市关门前去买些水果。“买水果”需在“关门”前完成)

6. She had already read the novel before she watched the movie adaptation.(看改编电影前,她已经读过这本小说了。“读小说”先于“看电影”,用过去完成时)

7. Please make sure you lock the door before you leave the house.(离开家前,请确保锁门。“锁门”先于“离开”)

8. The sun had risen before we reached the top of the mountain.(我们到达山顶前,太阳已经升起来了。“太阳升起”先于“到达山顶”)

9. I will call you before I take the train to your city.(坐火车去你城市前,我会给你打电话。主句用将来时,从句用一般现在时表将来)

10. He had saved enough money before he bought his first car.(买第一辆车前,他已经存够了钱。“存钱”先于“买车”,用过去完成时)

2. 由after引导的例句(在……之后):

1. I felt much better after I took the medicine.(吃完药后,我感觉好多了。从句“吃药”先发生,主句“感觉好”后发生)

2. After she finished her work, she went to the gym to exercise.(完成工作后,她去健身房锻炼了。“完成工作”先于“锻炼”)

3. He will go on a trip after he passes all his exams.(通过所有考试后,他会去旅行。主句用将来时,从句用一般现在时表将来)

4. After the rain stopped, the children went out to play.(雨停后,孩子们出去玩耍了。“雨停”先于“出去玩”)

5. I started to learn painting after I retired.(退休后,我开始学画画。“退休”先于“学画画”)

6. After we had dinner together, we walked around the park.(一起吃完晚饭后,我们在公园散步。“吃饭”先于“散步”,从句可用过去完成时表强调)

7. She will move to Beijing after she finds a job there.(在那里找到工作后,她会搬到北京。“找工作”先于“搬家”)

8. After the concert ended, the audience cheered loudly.(音乐会结束后,观众大声欢呼。“结束”先于“欢呼”)

9. I called my parents after I arrived at the hotel safely.(安全到达酒店后,我给父母打了电话。“到达”先于“打电话”)

10. After he had studied abroad for 3 years, he returned to his hometown.(在国外留学3年后,他回到了家乡。“留学”先于“回国”,用过去完成时)

3. 由since引导的例句(自从……以来):

1. I have lived in this city since I graduated from college.(自从大学毕业以来,我就住在这座城市。从句“毕业”是过去时间点,主句“住”用现在完成时,表持续到现在)

2. He has been interested in photography since he was a teenager.(自从十几岁起,他就对摄影感兴趣了。从句用一般过去时,主句用现在完成时)

3. Since we met last time, we haven’t kept in touch with each other.(自从上次见面后,我们就没再联系过。主句“没联系”是持续到现在的状态)

4. She has worked in this company since 2018.(自从2018年以来,她就在这家公司工作了。从句直接接过去时间点,主句用现在完成时)

5. They have traveled to many countries since they got married.(自从结婚以来,他们已经去过很多国家了。“结婚”是过去时间点,“旅行”持续到现在)

6. Since the new park opened, it has become a popular place for families.(自从新公园开放以来,它就成了家庭聚会的热门地点。主句表持续到现在的状态)

7. I have read 5 books since the beginning of this month.(自从这个月初以来,我已经读了5本书了。从句表“月初”这个过去时间点)

8. He has been learning to play the piano since his mom bought it for him.(自从妈妈给他买了钢琴,他就一直在学弹钢琴。“买钢琴”是过去动作,“学钢琴”持续到现在)

9. Since we changed our daily diet, my family’s health has improved a lot.(自从改变日常饮食后,我家人的健康状况改善了很多。主句用现在完成时表“改善”的结果)

10. She has not eaten fast food since she started her weight-loss plan.(自从开始减肥计划以来,她就没吃过快餐了。“开始计划”是过去时间点,“没吃快餐”持续到现在)

三、表“直到/一……就……”的时间状语从句:强调动作的“截止点”或“即时触发”

核心引导词:until/till(“直到……为止”,主句动作持续到从句时间点)、as soon as(“一……就……”,从句动作发生后,主句动作立即发生)。

关键区别:

until/till:主句动作是持续性的,从句动作是“截止点”(否定句中表“直到……才……”);

as soon as:主从句动作几乎“无缝衔接”,从句动作是主句动作的“触发条件”。

1. 由until/till引导的例句(直到……为止):

1. He stayed in the office until he finished all his work.(他在办公室待到完成所有工作为止。“待在办公室”是持续动作,“完成工作”是截止点)

2. We will wait for you till you come back.(我们会等你,直到你回来。“等”是持续动作,“回来”是截止点,till比until更口语化)

3. She didn’t go to bed until her son got home safely.(直到儿子安全到家,她才去睡觉。否定句中“not...until...”表“直到……才……”)

4. The shop will be open until 9 o’clock in the evening.(这家店会营业到晚上9点。“营业”是持续动作,“9点”是截止点)

5. They kept talking till the teacher walked into the classroom.(他们一直聊天,直到老师走进教室。“聊天”持续到“老师进教室”为止)

6. I won’t leave here until I get your reply.(直到收到你的回复,我才会离开这里。否定句表“直到……才……”)

7. The children played in the park until it started to get dark.(孩子们在公园玩到天开始黑为止。“玩”是持续动作,“天黑”是截止点)

8. He didn’t realize his mistake until his friend pointed it out.(直到朋友指出来,他才意识到自己的错误。否定句表“直到……才……”)

9. The movie will last till 11 p.m., so we need to hurry.(电影会持续到晚上11点,所以我们得快点。“持续”是动作,“11点”是截止点)

10. She practiced playing the violin until her fingers hurt.(她练小提琴直到手指疼为止。“练习”持续到“手指疼”这个截止点)

2. 由as soon as引导的例句(一……就……):

1. I will call you as soon as I arrive at the destination.(我一到达目的地就给你打电话。“到达”后立即“打电话”,主句用将来时,从句用一般现在时表将来)

2. As soon as the bell rang, the students rushed out of the classroom.(铃声一响,学生们就冲出了教室。“铃声响”后立即“冲出去”,主从句均用一般过去时)

3. He will start his project as soon as he gets the approval from his boss.(他一得到老板的批准就会开始他的项目。“批准”是触发条件,“开始项目”立即发生)

4. As soon as it stopped raining, we went out to fly kites.(雨一停,我们就出去放风筝了。“雨停”后立即“放风筝”)

5. She will tell me the news as soon as she hears it.(她一听到消息就会告诉我。从句用一般现在时表将来,主句用将来时)

6. As soon as he opened the letter, he knew it was from his old friend.(他一打开信就知道是老朋友寄来的。“打开信”后立即“知道”)

7. We will have a meeting as soon as all the team members arrive.(所有队员一到,我们就开会。“队员到”是触发条件)

8. As soon as the concert started, the audience fell silent.(音乐会一开始,观众就安静下来了。“开始”后立即“安静”)

9. He took out his camera as soon as he saw the beautiful sunset.(他一看到美丽的日落就拿出了相机。“看到日落”后立即“拿相机”)

10. As soon as I finish my breakfast, I will go to the supermarket.(我一吃完早饭就去超市。“吃完早饭”是触发条件,主句用将来时)

英语基础