词法:感叹词:What! Yes!

感叹词是用于表达强烈情感或突发反应的独立词类,不直接充当句子的主谓宾等核心成分,常独立使用(后接感叹号或逗号),也可嵌入句中增强语气。其核心功能是传递说话人的即时情绪,如惊喜、愤怒、疼痛、赞叹、惊讶等,无需语法搭配,仅靠语境即可理解。根据表达的情感类型,感叹词可分为表喜悦赞叹、表惊讶意外、表疼痛不满、表呼唤应答四大类。

一、表喜悦与赞叹的感叹词:传递开心、赞赏、满足等积极情绪

此类感叹词多用于看到美好事物、听到好消息或感受到愉悦体验时,常见词汇有Wow(哇)、Great(太棒了)、Wonderful(太精彩了)、Bravo(好极了,常用于称赞表演/成就)、Amazing(太惊人了)等。

特点:语气积极昂扬,后常接感叹号,可独立成句,也可后续补充说明情绪的原因。

表喜悦赞叹的感叹词例句:

1. Wow! This sunset is the most beautiful one I’ve ever seen.(哇!这日落是我见过最美的一次。“Wow”直接表达看到美景的惊叹,后接具体场景)

2. Great! We finally finished the project ahead of schedule.(太棒了!我们终于提前完成了项目。“Great”传递完成任务的喜悦与满足)

3. Wonderful! Your homemade cake tastes even better than the one in the bakery.(太精彩了!你做的蛋糕比面包店的还好吃。“Wonderful”用于称赞食物的美味)

4. Bravo! The pianist played the difficult piece perfectly without any mistakes.(好极了!这位钢琴家完美地演奏了这首难曲,没有一丝差错。“Bravo”特指对艺术表演或成就的赞叹)

5. Amazing! You actually climbed to the top of that mountain in just two hours.(太惊人了!你居然只用两小时就爬到了那座山的山顶。“Amazing”表达对对方能力的意外赞赏)

6. Wow! Look at that little girl—she’s dancing so gracefully for her age.(哇!看那个小女孩——以她的年纪来说,舞跳得太优雅了。“Wow”引出对孩子舞蹈的惊叹)

7. Great! Our team won the football match by 3 to 0. Let’s celebrate tonight!(太棒了!我们队以3比0赢了足球赛,今晚一起庆祝吧!“Great”传递团队获胜的兴奋)

8. Wonderful! The children made these handmade cards for us—they’re so sweet.(太暖心了!孩子们给我们做了这些手工贺卡,真可爱。“Wonderful”表达收到礼物的感动与喜悦)

9. Bravo! The actor’s performance in the last scene made everyone in the audience cry.(好极了!那位演员在最后一幕的表演让全场观众都哭了。“Bravo”用于称赞演员的精湛演技)

10. Amazing! This new phone can take clear photos even in such low light.(太惊人了!这部新手机即使在这么暗的光线下,也能拍出清晰的照片。“Amazing”表达对手机功能的赞叹)

二、表惊讶与意外的感叹词:传递突然的吃惊、疑惑或意外反应

此类感叹词用于遇到意料之外的事、听到意外消息或看到突发场景时,常见词汇有Oh(哦,表轻微惊讶)、Oh my god/Oh my goodness(我的天,表强烈惊讶)、What(什么,表疑惑或意外)、Hey(嘿,表突然发现或提醒)、Good heavens(天哪,表惊讶或担忧)等。

特点:语气带有“突然性”,可轻可重(如“Oh”较温和,“Oh my god”较强烈),常后续说明意外的内容。

表惊讶意外的感叹词例句:

1. Oh! I completely forgot that today is your birthday. I’m so sorry!(哦!我完全忘了今天是你的生日,太抱歉了!“Oh”表突然想起某事的轻微惊讶,伴随歉意)

2. Oh my god! There’s a huge spider crawling on the wall behind you.(我的天!你身后的墙上有一只大蜘蛛在爬。“Oh my god”表看到可怕事物的强烈惊讶)

3. What! You’re moving to another city next month? I didn’t hear you mention it before.(什么!你下个月要搬到另一个城市?我之前从没听你提过啊。“What”表听到意外消息的疑惑与惊讶)

4. Hey! That’s the book I lost last week—how did you find it?(嘿!那是我上周丢的书——你怎么找到的?“Hey”表突然发现熟悉事物的意外,带有疑问)

5. Good heavens! The rain is pouring so hard that the streets are flooded.(天哪!雨下得太大了,街道都被淹了。“Good heavens”表看到恶劣天气的惊讶与担忧)

6. Oh! This shirt is on sale for half price—I wanted to buy it last week but it was too expensive.(哦!这件衬衫打五折——我上周想买,但当时太贵了。“Oh”表发现折扣的意外与惊喜)

7. Oh my goodness! You told the boss about our plan without asking me first?(我的天!你没先问我就把我们的计划告诉老板了?“Oh my goodness”表对对方行为的意外与不满)

8. What! The concert was canceled because the singer is sick? I’ve been looking forward to it for months.(什么!演唱会因为歌手生病取消了?我期待了好几个月啊。“What”表听到取消消息的失望与惊讶)

9. Hey! Look over there—isn’t that our old classmate from high school?(嘿!看那边——那不是我们高中时的老同学吗?“Hey”表突然认出熟人的意外,引发对方注意)

10. Good heavens! You drove all the way here in this heavy snow? You must be freezing.(天哪!你在这么大的雪天一路开车过来的?肯定冻坏了。“Good heavens”表对对方行为的惊讶与关心)

三、表疼痛与不满的感叹词:传递身体不适、烦躁、抱怨或愤怒等负面情绪

此类感叹词用于身体受伤、遇到麻烦事或对某事感到烦躁时,常见词汇有Ouch(哎哟,表疼痛)、Oh no(哦不,表糟糕或遗憾)、Ugh(呃,表厌恶或烦躁)、Damn(该死,表愤怒或不满,口语化,需注意语气)、Shoot(糟糕,表轻微懊恼,比damn更委婉)等。

特点:语气带有“负面情绪”,多为即时反应,后常接导致情绪的原因(如疼痛的部位、麻烦的事情)。

表疼痛不满的感叹词例句:

1. Ouch! I stepped on a sharp stone with my bare foot—it hurts so much.(哎哟!我光着脚踩到了一块尖石头,太疼了。“Ouch”是身体疼痛的典型感叹词,直接对应“踩石头”的动作)

2. Oh no! I left my wallet at home. How am I going to pay for the coffee?(哦不!我把钱包落家里了,这咖啡我怎么付钱啊?“Oh no”表发现丢东西的糟糕与焦急)

3. Ugh! This traffic is so bad—we’ve been stuck on the road for an hour already.(呃!交通太堵了,我们已经在路上堵了一个小时了。“Ugh”表对堵车的烦躁与抱怨)

4. Damn! The computer crashed again before I saved my document. All my work is gone.(该死!我还没保存文档,电脑就又死机了,我所有的工作都没了。“Damn”表对电脑故障的愤怒与无奈)

5. Shoot! I missed the last bus to my hometown. Now I have to take a taxi tonight.(糟糕!我没赶上回家乡的末班车,现在只能今晚打车了。“Shoot”表错过班车的轻微懊恼,语气较委婉)

6. Ouch! My elbow hit the corner of the table—I think it’s going to bruise.(哎哟!我的胳膊肘撞到了桌角,我觉得要青了。“Ouch”对应“撞桌角”的疼痛,后续补充可能的后果)

7. Oh no! The rain ruined my new jacket—it’s made of cotton and now it’s all wet.(哦不!雨水毁了我的新夹克,它是棉的,现在全湿了。“Oh no”表对衣服被毁的遗憾与心疼)

8. Ugh! This food is so spicy that I can’t even taste anything else. Why did they put so much chili?(呃!这菜太辣了,我都尝不出别的味道了,他们为什么放这么多辣椒啊?“Ugh”表对食物过辣的厌恶与抱怨)

9. Damn! I forgot to set my alarm clock this morning, so I was late for work.(该死!我今早忘了设闹钟,所以上班迟到了。“Damn”表对自己疏忽的愤怒与自责)

10. Shoot! The store sold out the last pair of shoes in my size. I really wanted them.(糟糕!那家店把我尺码的最后一双鞋卖完了,我真的很想要那双鞋。“Shoot”表没买到鞋子的轻微遗憾)

四、表呼唤与应答的感叹词:用于引起他人注意、打招呼或回应对方的呼唤

此类感叹词无明显情绪倾向,核心功能是“沟通互动”,常见词汇有Hello(你好,表打招呼或打电话开头)、Hi(嗨,表非正式打招呼)、Hey(嘿,表呼唤或打招呼,比hi更随意)、Ah(啊,表突然回应或明白)、Yes(是的,表肯定应答,虽常作副词,但作为独立感叹词时表明确回应)等。

特点:语气平和,多用于日常沟通的“开头”或“回应”环节,目的是建立或延续对话。

表呼唤应答的感叹词例句:

1. Hello! Is this the customer service hotline for the phone brand? I need to ask about a repair.(你好!这里是这个手机品牌的客服热线吗?我需要咨询维修的事。“Hello”是打电话或正式打招呼的标准开头)

2. Hi! Long time no see—how have you been since we graduated from college?(嗨!好久不见,我们大学毕业后你过得怎么样?“Hi”是熟人之间非正式的打招呼,带有亲切感)

3. Hey! Wait a minute—I have something to tell you before you leave.(嘿!等一下,你走之前我有件事要告诉你。“Hey”用于叫住即将离开的人,引起对方注意)

4. Ah! Now I understand what you mean—you want to change the meeting time to Friday, right?(啊!现在我明白你的意思了——你想把会议时间改到周五,对吗?“Ah”表突然理解对方的话,带有“恍然大悟”的感觉)

5. Yes! That’s exactly what I was thinking. Let’s go with your plan.(是的!我正是这么想的,就按你的计划来。“Yes”作为独立感叹词,表对对方想法的肯定应答,语气明确)

6. Hello! My name is Lisa, and I’m here for the job interview at 2 p.m.(你好!我叫莉萨,是来参加下午2点的面试的。“Hello”用于正式场合的自我介绍开头,礼貌得体)

7. Hi! Do you mind if I sit here? All the other seats in the café are taken.(嗨!我能坐这儿吗?咖啡馆里其他座位都满了。“Hi”用于向陌生人礼貌打招呼并提出请求)

8. Hey! Look at that cute cat playing with a ball in the yard—isn’t it lovely?(嘿!看院子里那只玩球的可爱小猫,是不是很讨人喜欢?“Hey”用于吸引对方关注某个事物,语气轻松)

9. Ah! I remember now—your sister used to study in the same school as me.(啊!我想起来了——你妹妹以前和我在同一所学校上学。“Ah”表突然回忆起某事,带有“终于想起来”的感觉)

10. Yes! I’ll be there on time. Thank you for reminding me about the party.(是的!我会准时到的,谢谢你提醒我派对的事。“Yes”表对“按时参加派对”的肯定应答,回应对方的提醒)

英语基础