[3]句法:名词性从句:表语从句
表语从句是名词性从句的一种,核心功能是在复合句中充当表语——即位于系动词(如be, become, seem, look等)之后,对主句的主语进行“身份界定、性质描述或内容解释”,本质上相当于一个“名词”的作用(回答“主语是什么/怎么样”的问题)。
1. 基本结构:主语 + 系动词 + 表语从句(引导词 + 陈述句语序)
例:The truth is that he never told a lie.(主语:The truth;系动词:is;表语从句:that he never told a lie)
2. 引导词分类:根据从句表达的逻辑(陈述、疑问、选择),表语从句的引导词可分为三类:
陈述事实:that(无实际含义,仅起连接作用,不可省略);
表达疑问:whether(是否,不可用if替换)、who/whom/whose(谁/谁的)、what(什么)、which(哪一个)、when(何时)、where(何地)、why(为何)、how(如何);
表选择:whether...or...(是……还是……)。
3. 语序要求:表语从句必须用陈述句语序(主语在前,谓语在后),即使从句本身是疑问句,也不能用疑问语序。
错误:The question is how can we solve this problem.
正确:The question is how we can solve this problem.
一、由 that 引导的表语从句(陈述事实,无含义,不可省略)
that引导表语从句时,仅起连接主句和从句的作用,不充当从句中的任何成分,也无实际语义,但不能省略(这是与宾语从句中that可省略的关键区别),常用于说明主语的“具体内容或事实”。
1. My biggest dream is that I can travel around the world with my family.(我最大的梦想是能和家人一起环游世界。从句陈述“梦想”的具体内容,that不可省略)
2. The fact is that he has already finished his homework.(事实是他已经完成了作业。从句解释“事实”是什么,that无实际含义)
3. Her only wish is that her children can grow up healthily.(她唯一的愿望是孩子们能健康成长。that引导从句说明“愿望”的内容)
4. The problem is that we don’t have enough time to prepare for the exam.(问题是我们没有足够的时间准备考试。从句陈述“问题”的具体情况)
5. My suggestion is that we should hold a meeting to discuss this issue.(我的建议是我们应该开个会讨论这个问题。that引导从句说明“建议”的内容)
6. The truth is that no one can succeed without hard work.(真相是没有人能不努力就成功。从句陈述客观事实,that不可省略)
7. His promise is that he will pick us up at the station tomorrow morning.(他的承诺是明天早上会去车站接我们。从句解释“承诺”的具体内容)
8. The reality is that we need to face difficulties bravely instead of running away.(现实是我们需要勇敢面对困难,而不是逃避。that引导从句描述“现实”)
9. My favorite part of the trip was that we watched the sunrise by the sea.(这次旅行我最喜欢的部分是我们在海边看了日出。从句说明“最喜欢的部分”是什么)
10. The key point is that we must follow the rules to ensure everyone’s safety.(关键点是我们必须遵守规则以确保每个人的安全。that引导从句强调“关键点”的内容)
二、由 whether 引导的表语从句(表“是否”,不可用if替换)
whether引导表语从句时,表达“不确定的疑问”(是否),可在从句中作状语或与or搭配表选择,绝对不能用if替换(if仅能引导宾语从句表“是否”,不可引导表语从句)。
1. The most important thing is whether we can get his support.(最重要的事情是我们能否得到他的支持。whether表“是否”,不可用if替换)
2. The question is whether the meeting will be held as planned tomorrow.(问题是明天的会议是否会按计划举行。whether引导从句表疑问)
3. Her worry is whether she can finish the project on time.(她的担忧是自己能否按时完成这个项目。whether表“是否”,说明“担忧”的内容)
4. The uncertainty is whether the flight will be delayed due to the bad weather.(不确定的是航班是否会因恶劣天气延误。whether引导从句表达疑问)
5. The decision depends on whether the team can meet the required standards.(这个决定取决于团队是否能达到要求的标准。whether表“是否”,作介词on的宾语从句,此处也可视为表语从句的延伸)
6. The problem now is whether we should ask for help from others.(现在的问题是我们是否应该向别人求助。whether不可替换为if)
7. My doubt is whether he really understands the importance of this task.(我的疑问是他是否真的理解这项任务的重要性。whether引导从句表疑问)
8. The key is whether we can find a better solution to this problem.(关键是我们能否找到更好的解决这个问题的方法。whether表“是否”)
9. The question we are discussing is whether it’s necessary to change our plan.(我们正在讨论的问题是是否有必要改变我们的计划。whether引导表语从句)
10. Her confusion is whether she should choose to study abroad or stay in China.(她的困惑是自己应该选择出国留学还是留在中国。whether...or...表选择,不可用if替换)
三、由连接代词 who/whom/whose/what/which 引导的表语从句
连接代词在表语从句中必须充当成分(主语、宾语、定语等),且有实际语义(如who指“谁”,what指“什么”),需根据从句的逻辑和成分需求选择。
1. The person who helped us yesterday is who I want to thank most.(昨天帮助我们的人是我最想感谢的人。who在从句中作宾语,表“……的人”)
2. The problem is what we should do to improve our English listening skills.(问题是我们应该做些什么来提高英语听力水平。what在从句中作宾语,表“什么”)
3. The winner of the competition will be whoever performs best in the final round.(比赛的获胜者将是在决赛中表现最好的人。whoever=anyone who,在从句中作主语)
4. The question is which one of these books we should choose for our course.(问题是这些书里我们应该选哪一本作为教材。which在从句中作定语,表“哪一个”)
5. The mystery is whose bag was left in the classroom yesterday.(谜团是昨天谁的包落在了教室里。whose在从句中作定语,表“谁的”)
6. What he wants to know is whom the company will send to attend the meeting.(他想知道的是公司会派谁去参加会议。whom在从句中作宾语,表“谁”)
7. The key is what factors we need to consider when making this decision.(关键是做这个决定时我们需要考虑哪些因素。what在从句中作定语,表“什么”)
8. The debate is who is responsible for the mistake in the project.(争论的焦点是这个项目中的错误该由谁负责。who在从句中作主语,表“谁”)
9. The question is which team will represent our school in the national competition.(问题是哪个队会代表我们学校参加全国比赛。which在从句中作定语,表“哪一个”)
10. What she cares about is whose advice she should follow to solve this problem.(她关心的是解决这个问题时应该听从谁的建议。whose在从句中作定语,表“谁的”)
四、由连接副词 when/where/why/how 引导的表语从句
连接副词在表语从句中作状语(分别表时间、地点、原因、方式),有实际语义,需根据主句主语的逻辑需求选择。
1. The problem is when we can start the construction of the new building.(问题是我们什么时候能开始新大楼的建设。when在从句中作时间状语,表“何时”)
2. The question is where we should hold the company’s annual party this year.(问题是今年我们应该在哪里举办公司的年会。where在从句中作地点状语,表“何地”)
3. The reason for his absence is why he had to take care of his sick mother at home.(他缺席的原因是他必须在家照顾生病的母亲。why在从句中作原因状语,表“为何”)
4. The key is how we can reduce the cost without affecting the quality of the product.(关键是我们如何在不影响产品质量的前提下降低成本。how在从句中作方式状语,表“如何”)
5. The uncertainty is when the next train to Beijing will arrive at the station.(不确定的是下一班去北京的火车什么时候会到站。when在从句中作时间状语)
6. The problem is where we can find a reliable supplier for these materials.(问题是我们在哪里能找到这些材料的可靠供应商。where在从句中作地点状语)
7. The explanation he gave is why he was late for the important meeting.(他给出的解释是他为什么会错过这个重要的会议。why在从句中作原因状语)
8. The question is how we can help the children in poor areas get better education.(问题是我们如何能帮助贫困地区的孩子获得更好的教育。how在从句中作方式状语)
9. The plan is when we will visit the old people’s home next month.(计划是下个月我们什么时候去养老院看望老人。when在从句中作时间状语)
10. The confusion is where we should go for our summer vacation this year.(困惑是今年暑假我们应该去哪里。where在从句中作地点状语,表“何地”)
五、由 as if/as though 引导的表语从句(表“好像/似乎”)
as if和as though引导表语从句时,表达“主语看起来/似乎怎么样”,常与系动词(look, seem, sound, feel等)搭配,从句中可用虚拟语气(表与事实不符的假设)或陈述语气(表可能符合事实的推测)。
1. She looks as if she has cried for a long time.(她看起来好像哭了很久。从句用陈述语气,表推测可能是事实)
2. The sky is dark, as if it is going to rain soon.(天很黑,好像很快就要下雨了。as though可替换as if,表推测)
3. He talks about the movie as if he has watched it many times.(他谈论这部电影的样子,好像已经看了很多遍。陈述语气表可能的事实)
4. The old house looks as though it will fall down at any moment.(这座老房子看起来好像随时都会倒塌。陈述语气表推测)
5. She smiled as if she knew the secret we were hiding.(她笑了笑,好像知道我们隐瞒的秘密。陈述语气表可能的事实)
6. The ground is wet, as if it rained last night.(地面是湿的,好像昨晚下过雨。陈述语气表推测)
7. He behaves as if he were the boss of this company.(他表现得好像自己是这家公司的老板一样。虚拟语气,与事实不符,用were)
8. The little girl talks as though she were an adult.(这个小女孩说话的样子好像个成年人。虚拟语气,表与事实不符)
9. The food on the table looks as if it has been left for hours.(桌子上的食物看起来好像已经放了好几个小时了。陈述语气表推测)
10. He looked at me as though he didn’t recognize me at all.(他看着我,好像完全不认识我一样。陈述语气表可能的事实,也可用虚拟语气)
英语基础
- 陈一男基础英语研究
- 2023年广东中考英语试题
- 2024年广东中考英语试题
- 2025年广东中考英语试题(待续)
- 学习英语最有效的方法与学习路径
- 词法:名代形副动,数介连叹助
- 词法:名词
- 词法:代词
- 词法:冠词:a、an、the、零冠词
- 词法:形容词
- 词法:副词
- 词法:数词:基数、序数
- 词法:量词
- 词法:感叹词:What! Yes!
- 词法:连词: F、A、N、B、O、Y、S
- 词法:介词:位、时、方、手段、原因、目的
- 词法:易混淆介词:时间、地点、方式、关系
- 词法:动词
- 句法:非谓语动词:不定式、动名词、分词
- 短语:名短、动短、形短、副短、介短
- 构词法:英语中创造新单词的规则和方法
- 前缀 + 词根:仅改词义,不改词性
- 词根 + 后缀:改变词性,可微调词义
- 合成法:A+B
- 转化法:单词不改变形式,直接变词性
- 缩略法:缩短原词构成新词
- 构词法:名词后缀
- 单词记忆:语言学习的基础
- [1]一般现在时 do/does
- [2]一般过去时 did
- [3]一般将来时 will + 动原
- [4]一般过去将来时 would + 动原
- [1]现在进行时 be(am/is/are) + 现分
- [2]过去进行时 was/were + 现分
- [3]将来进行时 will be + 现分
- [4]过去将来进行时 would be + 现分
- [1]现在完成时 have/has + 过分
- [2]过去完成时 had + 过分
- [3]将来完成时 will have + 过分
- [4]过去将来完成时 would have + 过分
- [1]现在完成进行时 have/has been+现分
- [2]过去完成进行时 had been+现分
- [3]将来完成进行时 will have been+现分
- [4]过去将来完成进行时 would have been+现分
- 语态:主动语态、被动语态
- 句子结构:核心是“主谓关系”
- 句法:存在句 There be 句型
- 句法:拥有句 have/has 句型
- [1]主语:句子所叙述的主体
- [2]谓语:陈述主语的动作、状态或特征
- [3]宾语:动作的目标 或 关联的对象
- [4]定语:回答关于中心词的疑问
- [5]状语:回答关于句子成分的疑问
- [6]补语:对主语或宾语进行补充定性
- [7]表语:必须搭配系动词
- [8]同位语:给本位语贴标签、做注释
- 主谓一致:主语和谓语在人称和数保持一致
- 句子的分类:按结构分类、按功能分类
- 直接引语 和 间接引语
- [1]句法:名词性从句:主语从句
- [2]句法:名词性从句:宾语从句
- [3]句法:名词性从句:表语从句
- [4]句法:名词性从句:同位语从句
- 句法:定语从句:7W + 1T
- [1]时间状语从句:when、while、as
- [2]地点状语从句:where、wherever
- [3]原因状语从句:because、since、as
- [4]条件状语从句:if、unless、as long as
- [5]目的状语从句:so that、in order that
- [6]结果状语从句:so...that、such...that
- [7]让步状语从句:although/though、while
- [8]方式状语从句:as、as if/as though
- [9]比较状语从句:as...as
- 强调句、倒装句、省略句、虚拟语气句
- 虚拟语气:表达非真实情况的语法结构
- 积累:意思相近的单词
- 积累:be
- 积累:do
- 积累:to
- 积累:no
- 积累:not
- 积累:none
- 积累:nothing
- 积累:good
- 积累:well
- 积累:also
- 积累:get
- 积累:have
- 积累:if
- 积累:whether
- 积累:but
- 积累:or
- 积累:of
- 积累:talk
- 积累:take
- 积累:with
- 积累:by
- 积累:for
- 积累:the
- 积累:than
- 积累:then
- 积累:that
- 积累:this
- 积累:as
- 积累:so
- 积累:such
- 积累:which
- 积累:while
- 积累:where
- 积累:when
- 积累:what
- 积累:how
- 积累:who
- 积累:whom
- 积累:whose
- 积累:many
- 积累:much
- 积累:too
- 积累:very
- 积累:some
- 积累:any
- 积累:few
- 积累:little
- 积累:each
- 积累:every
- 积累:other
- 积累:others
- 积累:another
- 积累:time
- 积累:day
- 积累:before 与 ago
- 积累:in
- 积累:on
- 积累:at
- 听力[A1-01]:Family(家庭)
- 听力[A1-02]:Food(食物)
- 听力[A1-03]:Weather(天气)
- 听力[A1-04]:Supermarket(超市)
- 听力[A1-05]:Transportation(交通工具)
- 听力[A1-06]:Restaurants(餐厅)
- 听力[A1-07]:Weekend plans(周末计划)
- 听力[A1-08]:Pets(宠物)
- 听力[A1-09]:Animals(动物)
- 听力[A1-10]:School life(校园生活)
- 听力[A1-11]:Favorite place(最喜欢的地方)
- 听力[A1-12]:Directions(指路)
- 听力[A1-13]:Music(音乐)
- 听力[A1-14]:Daily Technology Products(日常科技产品)
- 听力[A1-15]:Social Activities(社交活动)
- 听力[A1-16]:Daily Problems(日常问题)
- 听力[A1-17]:Celebrations(庆祝活动)
- 听力[A1-18]:Seasonal Fruits(应季水果)
- 听力[A1-19]:Meeting new people(结识新朋友)
- 听力[A1-20]:Friends(朋友)
- 听力[A1-21]:Stay Guide(住宿指南)
- 听力[A1-22]:Parks(公园)
![[3]句法:名词性从句:表语从句 [3]句法:名词性从句:表语从句](https://img.alicdn.com/imgextra/i1/202703964/O1CN01n7hTcj1f9YkJfKzz2_!!202703964.jpg)