句法:拥有句 have/has 句型

“have/has”句型是英语中表达“拥有”“具备”“经历”等含义的核心句型,主要用于说明主语与宾语之间的“所属关系”“特征属性”或“动作经历”。其核心结构为“主语 + have/has + 宾语”,其中“have/has”的选择由主语的人称和数决定,具体用法及例句如下:

一、“have/has”句型的核心规则

1. 动词形式选择:

have:用于第一人称(I/we)、第二人称(you)、第三人称复数(they)及所有复数名词作主语时;

has:仅用于第三人称单数(he/she/it)及单数名词(如the boy, my mother, this book)作主语时。

2. 核心含义分类:

表“拥有”(所属关系):主语对宾语有所有权或支配权;

表“具备”(特征/能力):主语拥有某种特征、品质或能力;

表“经历”(动作/事件):主语经历过某种动作、事件或活动(此时“have”可视为助动词,与过去分词构成现在完成时,但基础句型中多为“have + 名词”表经历);

表“客观存在”:主语所在的环境或范围内存在某物(类似“there be”句型,但更强调“主语拥有的环境”)。

二、表“拥有”(所属关系)的“have/has”句型

此类句型最常见,核心是“主语拥有某物/某人”,宾语多为具体名词(如book, car, friend等),明确“归属权”。

用“have”的例句(主语为I/we/you/复数):

1. I have a new laptop for my work.(我有一台用于工作的新笔记本电脑。主语“I”是第一人称,表“我拥有电脑”)

2. We have two cats and a dog at home.(我们家里有两只猫和一只狗。主语“we”是第一人称复数,表“我们拥有宠物”)

3. You have a beautiful smile—don’t be shy to show it.(你有一个很美的笑容,别害羞,大胆展现出来。主语“you”是第二人称,表“你拥有笑容”)

4. They have a big house with a garden in the countryside.(他们在乡下有一栋带花园的大房子。主语“they”是第三人称复数,表“他们拥有房子”)

5. My parents have a collection of old vinyl records.(我父母有一批旧黑胶唱片收藏。主语“my parents”是复数,表“父母拥有唱片”)

6. The students have their own lockers in the classroom.(学生们在教室里有自己的储物柜。主语“the students”是复数,表“学生拥有储物柜”)

7. We have a few friends coming over for dinner tonight.(我们今晚有几个朋友来家里吃晚饭。表“我们拥有‘朋友来访’这件事的安排”,隐含归属)

8. You have a lot of interesting stories to tell—keep going!(你有很多有趣的故事可以讲,继续说呀!主语“you”,表“你拥有故事”)

9. The children have different toys to play with during recess.(孩子们课间有不同的玩具可以玩。主语“the children”是复数,表“孩子拥有玩具”)

10. I have a meeting with my boss at 3 o’clock this afternoon.(我今天下午3点和老板有一场会议。表“我拥有会议安排”,隐含“我需要参加”的归属)

用“has”的例句(主语为he/she/it/单数名词):

1. She has a talent for playing the piano—she’s been learning since she was 5.(她有弹钢琴的天赋,从5岁就开始学了。主语“she”是第三人称单数,表“她拥有天赋”)

2. He has a car that he bought last year—its color is dark blue.(他有一辆去年买的车,颜色是深蓝色。主语“he”是第三人称单数,表“他拥有车”)

3. The little girl has a teddy bear that she takes everywhere.(这个小女孩有一只泰迪熊,走到哪儿带到哪儿。主语“the little girl”是单数名词,表“女孩拥有熊”)

4. My brother has a job at a software company in Beijing.(我哥哥在北京的一家软件公司有份工作。主语“my brother”是单数名词,表“哥哥拥有工作”)

5. This restaurant has a special menu for vegetarians.(这家餐厅有一份专为素食者准备的特色菜单。主语“this restaurant”是单数名词,表“餐厅拥有菜单”)

6. The library has a large number of books on history.(这家图书馆有大量关于历史的书籍。主语“the library”是单数名词,表“图书馆拥有书籍”)

7. It has a small pocket on the side—you can put your keys there.(它侧面有一个小口袋,你可以把钥匙放在里面。主语“it”指代某物,表“某物拥有口袋”)

8. My grandmother has a gold necklace that was passed down from her mother.(我奶奶有一条从她妈妈那里传下来的金项链。主语“my grandmother”是单数名词,表“奶奶拥有项链”)

9. The new smartphone has a better camera than the old model.(这款新智能手机有比旧型号更好的摄像头。主语“the new smartphone”是单数名词,表“手机拥有摄像头”)

10. The cat has a long tail that it likes to swing when it’s happy.(这只猫有一条长尾巴,开心的时候喜欢甩来甩去。主语“the cat”是单数名词,表“猫拥有尾巴”)

三、表“具备”(特征/能力)的“have/has”句型

此类句型强调主语“具备某种内在特征、品质或能力”,宾语多为抽象名词(如ability, patience, courage等)或表能力的名词短语。

用“have”的例句(主语为I/we/you/复数):

1. I have the ability to speak three languages—Chinese, English, and Japanese.(我具备说三种语言的能力:中文、英文和日文。表“我拥有语言能力”)

2. We have enough patience to teach the children how to paint.(我们有足够的耐心教孩子们画画。表“我们拥有耐心”这一品质)

3. You have a good sense of direction—you never get lost in a new city.(你有很好的方向感,在陌生城市里从不迷路。表“你拥有方向感”这一特征)

4. They have the courage to face difficult challenges in their work.(他们有勇气面对工作中的艰难挑战。表“他们拥有勇气”这一品质)

5. My classmates have a strong interest in science experiments.(我的同学们对科学实验有浓厚的兴趣。表“同学们拥有兴趣”这一特征)

6. We have the responsibility to take care of our aging parents.(我们有责任照顾年迈的父母。表“我们拥有责任”这一义务属性)

7. You have a natural gift for singing—your voice is so clear.(你有唱歌的天赋,声音特别清澈。表“你拥有天赋”这一内在能力)

8. The team members have great teamwork—they always help each other.(团队成员有很强的团队合作精神,总是互相帮助。表“成员拥有团队精神”)

9. I have a bad memory for names—I often forget people’s names soon after meeting them.(我对名字的记忆力不好,经常见了人很快就忘了名字。表“我拥有差记忆力”这一特征)

10. We have the right to ask for an explanation if we don’t understand the rule.(如果我们不理解规则,有权利要求解释。表“我们拥有权利”这一属性)

用“has”的例句(主语为he/she/it/单数名词):

1. She has a warm personality—everyone likes to make friends with her.(她性格很温和,所有人都喜欢和她做朋友。表“她拥有温和性格”这一特征)

2. He has a sharp mind—he can solve math problems quickly.(他头脑很敏锐,能快速解决数学题。表“他拥有敏锐头脑”这一能力)

3. This plant has the ability to grow in dry soil—you don’t need to water it often.(这种植物有在干燥土壤中生长的能力,不需要经常浇水。表“植物拥有生长能力”)

4. My teacher has a lot of experience in teaching English to young learners.(我的老师在教低龄学习者英语方面有丰富的经验。表“老师拥有经验”这一能力)

5. The new system has the advantage of being more efficient than the old one.(新系统有比旧系统更高效的优势。表“系统拥有优势”这一属性)

6. She has a calm attitude towards problems—she never panics.(她面对问题时态度很冷静,从不慌乱。表“她拥有冷静态度”这一品质)

7. The machine has the function of automatically turning off when it overheats.(这台机器有过热时自动关机的功能。表“机器拥有功能”这一属性)

8. My father has a good knowledge of history—he can tell stories about ancient China.(我爸爸对历史有很好的了解,能讲中国古代的故事。表“爸爸拥有历史知识”)

9. This dog has a strong sense of smell—it can help find lost things.(这只狗嗅觉很灵敏,能帮忙找丢失的东西。表“狗拥有嗅觉能力”)

10. The company has the potential to expand its business to overseas markets.(这家公司有将业务扩展到海外市场的潜力。表“公司拥有潜力”这一属性)

四、表“经历”(动作/事件)的“have/has”句型

此类句型中,“have/has”后接表动作或事件的名词(如meal, meeting, trip等),表示主语“经历过/进行过某件事”,本质是“拥有某段经历”,部分场景可转化为对应的动词(如“have a meal”=“eat a meal”)。

用“have”的例句(主语为I/we/you/复数):

1. I have breakfast at 7 o’clock every morning—usually bread and milk.(我每天早上7点吃早饭,通常是面包和牛奶。“have breakfast”表“经历‘吃早饭’这件事”)

2. We have a family gathering every Spring Festival—all relatives come together.(我们每年春节都有家庭聚会,所有亲戚都会聚在一起。“have a gathering”表“经历聚会”)

3. You have a break after working for an hour—it’s good for your eyes.(工作一小时后你要休息一下,对眼睛好。“have a break”表“经历休息”)

4. They have a trip to Yunnan planned for this summer vacation.(他们计划今年暑假去云南旅行。“have a trip”表“拥有旅行计划,即将经历旅行”)

5. My friends and I have a movie night every Friday—we watch comedies together.(我和朋友们每周五有“电影夜”,一起看喜剧片。“have a movie night”表“经历电影夜”)

6. We have a meeting with the client tomorrow—we need to prepare the presentation.(我们明天和客户有一场会议,需要准备演示文稿。“have a meeting”表“经历会议”)

7. You have a test next Monday—start reviewing your notes now.(你下周一有一场考试,现在就开始复习笔记吧。“have a test”表“经历考试”)

8. The students have a PE class every Tuesday and Thursday—they play basketball or run.(学生们每周二和周四有体育课,打篮球或跑步。“have a PE class”表“经历体育课”)

9. I have a chat with my best friend every weekend—we talk about our lives.(我每周和最好的朋友聊一次天,分享彼此的生活。“have a chat”表“经历聊天”)

10. We have a party to celebrate our team’s success—everyone will bring food.(我们要举办一场派对庆祝团队的成功,每个人都会带食物来。“have a party”表“经历派对”)

用“has”的例句(主语为he/she/it/单数名词):

1. She has a piano lesson every Saturday afternoon—her teacher is very strict.(她每周六下午有一节钢琴课,老师很严格。“have a piano lesson”表“经历钢琴课”)

2. He has a business trip to Shanghai next month—he will stay there for three days.(他下个月要去上海出差,会在那里待三天。“have a business trip”表“经历出差”)

3. The school has a sports meeting every autumn—students compete in different events.(学校每年秋天举办运动会,学生们参加不同的项目。“have a sports meeting”表“经历运动会”)

4. My mother has a haircut once a month—she likes to keep her hair short.(我妈妈每个月剪一次头发,她喜欢留短发。“have a haircut”表“经历理发”)

5. The company has a training session for new employees every quarter.(公司每季度为新员工举办一次培训课。“have a training session”表“经历培训”)

6. She has a call with her sister every evening—they live in different cities.(她每天晚上和姐姐通一次电话,她们住在不同的城市。“have a call”表“经历通话”)

7. The hotel has a dinner buffet every night—there are many kinds of food.(这家酒店每晚提供自助晚餐,有很多种食物。“have a dinner buffet”表“提供/经历自助餐”)

8. He has a hobby of collecting stamps—he has over 500 stamps now.(他有集邮的爱好,现在已经有500多张邮票了。“have a hobby”表“拥有爱好,经历集邮”)

9. The library has a book club every Wednesday—members discuss classic novels.(图书馆每周三有读书俱乐部,成员们讨论经典小说。“have a book club”表“举办/经历读书俱乐部”)

10. She has a celebration for her birthday every year—her friends give her gifts.(她每年都庆祝生日,朋友们会送她礼物。“have a celebration”表“经历庆祝”)

英语基础