[5]目的状语从句:so that、in order that

目的状语从句是用于说明主句动作“目的”的从句,即主句的动作是为了实现从句所表达的目标。它通常由特定连词引导,核心逻辑是“做某事是为了……”,从句中常包含情态动词(如can, could, will, would, may, might等)以体现“目的”的不确定性或期望性。根据引导词的不同,目的状语从句主要分为由“so that”引导(表“为了……”,最常用)、由“in order that”引导(表“为了……”,语气更正式)、由“in case”引导(表“以防/万一……”,目的是避免不利情况)三类。

一、由“so that”引导的目的状语从句

核心特点

结构:“so that”直接连接主句和目的从句,主句表“动作”,从句表“该动作的目的”。

逻辑:侧重“通过做主句的动作,以实现从句的目标”,从句中常含情态动词(can, could, will, would等),但也可根据语境省略(较少见)。

注意:与“结果状语从句”的“so that”区分——目的从句表“未发生的目标”(常含情态动词),结果从句表“已发生的自然结果”(无情态动词,或仅含表过去的could);且目的从句可置于句首(需加逗号),结果从句不可。

“so that”(表目的)例句:

1. She studies hard every day so that she can pass the final exam.(她每天努力学习,是为了能通过期末考试。主句“努力学习”的目的是“通过考试”,从句用“can”表“能够实现的目标”)

2. He saved a lot of money so that he could buy a new laptop for his daughter.(他存了很多钱,是为了能给女儿买一台新笔记本电脑。从句用“could”,表过去的目的)

3. We left early this morning so that we wouldn’t miss the first bus.(我们今天早上早早出发,是为了不会错过第一班公交车。从句用“wouldn’t”,表“避免错过”的目的)

4. The teacher explained the problem again so that all the students could understand it.(老师又讲解了一遍这个问题,是为了所有学生都能理解。)

5. So that he can get more exercise, he walks to work instead of driving.(为了能多锻炼身体,他步行上班而不开车。目的从句置于句首,需加逗号,主句表实现目的的动作)

6. They practice speaking English every weekend so that they will be more confident when traveling abroad.(他们每个周末练习说英语,是为了出国旅行时能更自信。从句用“will”,表未来的目的)

7. The company launched a new marketing campaign so that it can attract more young customers.(公司推出了新的营销活动,是为了能吸引更多年轻客户。)

8. She wrote down the key points so that she wouldn’t forget them before the meeting.(她把重点记了下来,是为了开会前不会忘记。)

9. We planted more trees in the park so that the environment there would become better.(我们在公园里种了更多树,是为了那里的环境能变得更好。从句用“would”,表对未来的期望)

10. He learned to cook so that he could make delicious meals for his family.(他学做饭,是为了能给家人做美味的饭菜。)

二、由“in order that”引导的目的状语从句

核心特点

结构:“in order that”(可缩写为“in order to”,但“in order to”后接动词原形,不接从句;接从句必须用“in order that”)连接主句和目的从句,结构与“so that”类似。

逻辑:语气比“so that”更正式、更强调“刻意为了某个目的而做某事”,常见于书面语(如正式报告、议论文),从句中同样常含情态动词。

注意:“in order that”引导的从句可置于句首(需加逗号),且“that”不可省略(“so that”的“that”可省略)。

“in order that”(表目的)例句:

1. The government built more hospitals in order that people could get better medical care.(政府建了更多医院,是为了人们能获得更好的医疗服务。“in order that”表正式的目的,从句用“could”)

2. She reads English newspapers every morning in order that she may improve her reading skills.(她每天早上读英文报纸,是为了能提高阅读能力。从句用“may”,语气更委婉,表“期望实现的目的”)

3. In order that the project can be completed on time, all team members work overtime.(为了项目能按时完成,所有团队成员都在加班。从句置于句首,加逗号,强调“刻意加班”的目的)

4. The school organized a field trip in order that students could learn more about nature.(学校组织了一次实地考察,是为了学生能更多地了解自然。)

5. He bought a new dictionary in order that he would look up new words more conveniently.(他买了一本新词典,是为了查生词能更方便。从句用“would”,表过去的目的)

6. The factory updated its equipment in order that it can produce higher-quality products.(工厂更新了设备,是为了能生产更高质量的产品。)

7. We booked the hotel in advance in order that we wouldn’t have to look for a place to stay when we arrive.(我们提前订了酒店,是为了到达时不用再找住处。)

8. The teacher assigned extra homework in order that students might review what they learned in class.(老师布置了额外的作业,是为了学生能复习课堂上学到的内容。从句用“might”,语气更正式)

9. They set up a emergency hotline in order that people can get help quickly in case of danger.(他们设立了紧急热线,是为了人们在遇到危险时能快速获得帮助。)

10. She practiced her speech many times in order that she would perform well at the conference.(她反复练习演讲,是为了能在会议上表现出色。)

三、由“in case”引导的目的状语从句

核心特点

结构:“in case”引导的目的从句,主句表“提前做的准备动作”,从句表“可能发生的不利情况”,核心目的是“预防该不利情况发生”。

逻辑:侧重“以防万一”,即主句的动作是为了“应对从句中可能出现的意外或麻烦”,从句中常含情态动词(如should, may, might),或用一般现在时表“可能的情况”(主将从现)。

注意:“in case”不可置于句首(若需置于句首,需用“in case of+名词”,如“In case of rain, take an umbrella”),且从句时态需与主句匹配(主句用过去时,从句用过去时或“should+动词原形”)。

“in case”(表目的,以防万一)例句:

1. I took an umbrella with me in case it rains.(我带了一把伞,以防下雨。主句“带伞”是准备动作,从句“下雨”是可能的不利情况,用一般现在时表“可能发生”)

2. She stored some dry food at home in case there should be a natural disaster.(她在家储存了一些干粮,以防发生自然灾害。从句用“should be”,表“万一发生”,语气更正式)

3. He wrote down his friend’s phone number in case he forgot it.(他记下了朋友的电话号码,以防自己忘记。主句用过去时,从句用过去时,表过去的预防目的)

4. We brought extra water in case we might get thirsty during the hike.(我们带了额外的水,以防徒步时口渴。从句用“might get”,表“可能口渴”的不利情况)

5. The driver checked the car carefully before leaving in case there was something wrong with it.(司机出发前仔细检查了汽车,以防车子出问题。)

6. I saved a copy of the document in case the computer breaks down.(我存了一份文件副本,以防电脑出故障。主句用现在时,从句用一般现在时表“可能发生”)

7. She told her mother where she was going in case her mother worried about her.(她告诉妈妈自己要去哪里,以防妈妈担心她。从句“妈妈担心”是需预防的情况)

8. They packed a first-aid kit in case someone gets hurt during the camping trip.(他们带了一个急救箱,以防露营时有人受伤。)

9. He kept some cash in his pocket in case the ATM didn’t work.(他在口袋里放了一些现金,以防自动取款机不能用。主句用过去时,从句用过去时)

10. We turned off the lights before leaving the room in case there was a fire hazard.(我们离开房间前关了灯,以防有火灾隐患。从句“火灾隐患”是需预防的不利情况)

英语基础