动词：动词的16种时态（概述）

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一、一般现在时

用法：表示客观事实、普遍真理、习惯性或经常性的动作，以及现在的状态。在体育运动中，常用来陈述运动规则、运动员日常训练习惯等。

特征词：always（总是）、usually（通常）、often（经常）、sometimes（有时）、every day/week/month（每天 / 每周 / 每月）、on Sundays（每逢周日）

肯定句：主语 + 动词原形 / 动词第三人称单数形式

She runs in the park every morning.（她每天早上在公园跑步。）

They play basketball after school.（他们放学后打篮球。）

The team practices twice a week.（这支队伍每周训练两次。）

否定句：主语 + don't/doesn't + 动词原形

He doesn't swim on weekends.（他周末不游泳。）

They don't play football in the rain.（他们不在雨中踢足球。）

My sister doesn't like watching tennis.（我妹妹不喜欢看网球比赛。）

一般疑问句：Do/Does + 主语 + 动词原形

Does he play volleyball?（他打排球吗？）

Do they exercise every day?（他们每天锻炼吗？）

Does the club organize competitions?（这个俱乐部组织比赛吗？）

特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词 + do/does + 主语 + 动词原形

What sports does she play?（她参加什么运动？）

Where do they practice?（他们在哪里训练？）

How often does he run?（他多久跑一次？）

被动语态：主语 + am/is/are + 过去分词

The game is watched by millions.（这场比赛被数百万人观看。）

Rules are followed strictly.（规则被严格遵守。）

New records are set every year.（每年都有新纪录被创造。）

二、一般过去时

用法：描述过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，强调动作已结束，与现在无关。适用于讲述过去的体育赛事、训练经历等。

特征词：yesterday（昨天）、last week/month（上周 / 上月）、ago（以前）、in 2020（在 2020 年）、the other day（前几天）

肯定句：主语 + 动词过去式

They played a football match last Sunday.（他们上周日踢了一场足球比赛。）

She won the first prize in the race.（她在比赛中获得一等奖。）

We watched the Olympics on TV.（我们在电视上观看了奥运会。）

否定句：主语 + didn't + 动词原形

He didn't join the basketball team.（他没有加入篮球队。）

They didn't finish the training.（他们没有完成训练。）

She didn't attend the sports meeting.（她没有参加运动会。）

一般疑问句：Did + 主语 + 动词原形

Did he play tennis yesterday?（他昨天打网球了吗？）

Did they win the game?（他们赢得比赛了吗？）

Did she practice hard?（她刻苦训练了吗？）

特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词 + did + 主语 + 动词原形

What sport did he play?（他参加了什么运动？）

Where did they have the match?（他们在哪里举行比赛？）

When did she start running?（她什么时候开始跑步的？）

被动语态：主语 + was/were + 过去分词

The gold medal was won by a Chinese athlete.（金牌被一位中国运动员获得。）

The stadium was built last year.（这座体育场去年建成。）

The event was organized by the school.（这次活动由学校组织。）

三、一般将来时

用法：表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态，也可表达计划、打算或预测。常用于描述未来的体育赛事安排、个人运动计划等。

特征词：tomorrow（明天）、next week/month（下周 / 下月）、in a few days（几天后）、soon（很快）、later（以后）

肯定句：主语 + will/shall + 动词原形；主语 + be going to + 动词原形

He will play in the final match tomorrow.（他明天将参加决赛。）

We are going to start a new training program.（我们打算开始一项新的训练计划。）

She will join the swimming club next month.（她下个月将加入游泳俱乐部。）

否定句：主语 + won't/shan't + 动词原形；主语 + be not going to + 动词原形

They won't have a game this weekend.（他们这个周末没有比赛。）

He isn't going to participate in the marathon.（他不打算参加马拉松比赛。）

We won't finish the practice early.（我们不会早早结束训练。）

一般疑问句：Will/Shall + 主语 + 动词原形；Be + 主语 + going to + 动词原形

Will she win the championship?（她会赢得冠军吗？）

Are they going to watch the game?（他们打算看比赛吗？）

Will the team practice tomorrow?（队伍明天会训练吗？）

特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词 + will/shall + 主语 + 动词原形；特殊疑问词 + be + 主语 + going to + 动词原形

What will you do in the sports day?（你在运动会上会做什么？）

Where are they going to hold the competition?（他们将在哪里举办比赛？）

When will he start training?（他将什么时候开始训练？）

被动语态：主语 + will/shall be + 过去分词；主语 + be going to be + 过去分词

The new stadium will be opened next year.（新体育场明年将开放。）

The match is going to be postponed.（比赛将被推迟。）

The rules will be updated soon.（规则很快将被更新。）

四、一般过去将来时

用法：从过去的某一时间来看将来要发生的动作或存在的状态，常用于宾语从句中，主句谓语动词为过去时态。适用于讲述过去对未来体育活动的预测或计划。

特征词：常用于宾语从句，主句为过去时态（如 said、thought、told 等动词后）

肯定句：主语 + would/should + 动词原形；主语 + was/were going to + 动词原形

He said he would play basketball with us.（他说他会和我们一起打篮球。）

They thought they were going to win the league.（他们认为他们会赢得联赛。）

She told me she would join the training camp.（她告诉我她会参加训练营。）

否定句：主语 + wouldn't/shouldn't + 动词原形；主语 + wasn't/weren't going to + 动词原形

He said he wouldn't attend the match.（他说他不会参加比赛。）

They weren't going to change the training plan.（他们不打算改变训练计划。）

She thought she wouldn't finish the race.（她认为她跑不完比赛。）

一般疑问句：Would/Should + 主语 + 动词原形；Was/Were + 主语 + going to + 动词原形

Would he play in the tournament?（他会参加锦标赛吗？）

Were they going to practice on Sunday?（他们周日打算训练吗？）

Would she win the next game?（她会赢得下一场比赛吗？）

特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词 + would/should + 主语 + 动词原形；特殊疑问词 + was/were + 主语 + going to + 动词原形

What would he do in the sports event?（他在体育赛事中会做什么？）

Where were they going to have the trial?（他们打算在哪里进行选拔赛？）

When would she start her training?（她将什么时候开始训练？）

被动语态：主语 + would/should be + 过去分词；主语 + was/were going to be + 过去分词

He said the stadium would be built.（他说体育场将被建造。）

They thought the match was going to be cancelled.（他们认为比赛将被取消。）

She told me the prize would be awarded next week.（她告诉我奖品将在下周颁发。）

五、现在进行时

用法：表示现在正在进行的动作，或现阶段持续进行但此刻不一定正在做的动作。在体育运动场景中，常用于描述运动员当下的训练、比赛行为，或近期持续的运动状态。

特征词：now（现在）、right now（此刻）、at present（目前）、look（看）、listen（听）、these days（这些天）

肯定句：主语 + am/is/are + 动词现在分词

Look! The players are running on the track now.（看！运动员们现在正在跑道上跑步。）

She is practicing shooting basketball these days.（这些天她一直在练习投篮。）

They are playing a football match at present.（目前他们正在进行一场足球比赛。）

否定句：主语 + am not/isn't/aren't + 动词现在分词

He isn't swimming in the pool right now.（他此刻不在游泳池里游泳。）

They aren't training for the competition these days.（这些天他们没有为比赛进行训练。）

The team isn't having a meeting about the game.（队伍没有在开关于比赛的会议。）

一般疑问句：Am/Is/Are + 主语 + 动词现在分词

Is she playing tennis with her friends?（她正在和朋友们打网球吗？）

Are they watching the sports broadcast now?（他们现在在看体育直播吗？）

Is the coach teaching the new skills?（教练正在教新技巧吗？）

特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词 + am/is/are + 主语 + 动词现在分词

What are they doing on the playground?（他们在操场上正在做什么？）

Where is he practicing judo?（他正在哪里练习柔道？）

Who is running fastest in the race?（比赛中谁跑得最快？）

被动语态：主语 + am/is/are + being + 过去分词

The sports event is being held in our city.（这场体育赛事正在我们城市举行。）

The rules are being explained by the referee.（裁判正在解释规则。）

The new training method is being tested by the athletes.（新的训练方法正在被运动员们测试。）

六、过去进行时

用法：表示过去某一时刻或某段时间内正在进行的动作。在体育运动相关描述中，常用于回顾过去特定时间的比赛进程、训练场景等。

特征词：at that time（在那时）、at 8 o'clock yesterday（昨天八点）、when/while 引导的过去时态时间状语从句

肯定句：主语 + was/were + 动词现在分词

At 3 o'clock yesterday afternoon, they were playing a basketball game.（昨天下午三点，他们正在打一场篮球比赛。）

She was swimming in the pool when it started to rain.（开始下雨的时候，她正在游泳池里游泳。）

The team was training hard last month.（上个月这支队伍一直在刻苦训练。）

否定句：主语 + wasn't/weren't + 动词现在分词

He wasn't watching the football match at that time.（那时他没有在看足球比赛。）

They weren't practicing yoga yesterday evening.（昨天晚上他们没有在练习瑜伽。）

The athletes weren't preparing for the competition last week.（上周运动员们没有在为比赛做准备。）

一般疑问句：Was/Were + 主语 + 动词现在分词

Were they running in the park at 6 o'clock this morning?（今天早上六点他们在公园里跑步吗？）

Was she playing tennis when you called her?（你打电话给她的时候，她正在打网球吗？）

Were the players warming up before the game?（比赛前球员们在热身吗？）

特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词 + was/were + 主语 + 动词现在分词

What were they doing during the break?（休息期间他们在做什么？）

Where was he training last summer?（去年夏天他在哪里训练？）

Why were the teams practicing so late?（为什么队伍训练到这么晚？）

被动语态：主语 + was/were + being + 过去分词

The stadium was being repaired when the team arrived.（队伍到达的时候，体育场正在修缮。）

The match was being broadcast live on TV yesterday.（昨天这场比赛正在电视上直播。）

The new sports equipment was being installed last week.（上周新的体育器材正在安装。）

七、将来进行时

用法：表示将来某一时刻或时间段内正在进行的动作，强调在未来特定时间动作的持续性。在体育语境中，可用于预测未来赛事中的情景或运动员的状态。

特征词：at this time tomorrow（明天这个时候）、next Sunday afternoon（下周日下午）、by + 将来时间点

肯定句：主语 + will/shall be + 动词现在分词

She will be competing in the swimming race at 10 o'clock tomorrow morning.（明天上午十点她将正在参加游泳比赛。）

They will be watching the World Cup final next Sunday.（下周日他们将正在观看世界杯决赛。）

The team will be practicing tactics this afternoon.（今天下午队伍将正在练习战术。）

否定句：主语 + won't/shan't be + 动词现在分词

He won't be playing football this weekend.（这个周末他不会正在踢足球。）

They won't be training in the gym next month.（下个月他们不会正在健身房训练。）

The athletes won't be resting during the break.（休息期间运动员们不会在休息。）

一般疑问句：Will/Shall + 主语 + be + 动词现在分词

Will he be running in the marathon next week?（下周他将正在参加马拉松比赛吗？）

Will they be practicing basketball at 4 o'clock?（四点钟他们会正在练习篮球吗？）

Will she be competing in the tennis tournament?（她会正在参加网球锦标赛吗？）

特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词 + will/shall + 主语 + be + 动词现在分词

What will they be doing during the sports festival?（体育节期间他们将正在做什么？）

Where will he be training next month?（下个月他将在哪里训练？）

When will the team be playing the next game?（队伍将什么时候进行下一场比赛？）

被动语态：主语 + will/shall be being + 过去分词（实际使用较少）

The new sports complex will be being constructed next year.（新的体育场馆明年将正在建设中。）

The rules will be being revised during the meeting.（会议期间规则将正在被修订。）

The awards will be being presented at 7 o'clock.（七点钟奖项将正在被颁发。）

八、过去将来进行时

用法：从过去某一时间角度看，将来某一时刻或时间段内正在进行的动作，常用于宾语从句中，主句谓语为过去时态。在体育相关表述里，用于讲述过去对未来体育活动进程的设想。

特征词：常用于宾语从句，主句为过去时态（如 said、thought、told 等动词后）

肯定句：主语 + would/should be + 动词现在分词；主语 + was/were going to be + 动词现在分词

He said he would be playing in the basketball final next week.（他说他下周将正在参加篮球决赛。）

They thought they were going to be training hard for the competition.（他们认为他们将正在为比赛刻苦训练。）

She told me she would be running in the marathon the following month.（她告诉我下个月她将正在参加马拉松比赛。）

否定句：主语 + wouldn't/shouldn't be + 动词现在分词；主语 + wasn't/weren't going to be + 动词现在分词

He said he wouldn't be watching the football match tomorrow.（他说他明天不会正在看足球比赛。）

They weren't going to be practicing yoga next weekend.（他们下周末不打算正在练习瑜伽。）

She thought she wouldn't be competing in the tournament.（她认为她不会正在参加锦标赛。）

一般疑问句：Would/Should + 主语 + be + 动词现在分词；Was/Were + 主语 + going to be + 动词现在分词

Would he be playing tennis with his friends next Sunday?（下周日他会正在和朋友们打网球吗？）

Were they going to be training at the stadium tomorrow?（明天他们打算正在体育场训练吗？）

Would she be running in the race the day after tomorrow?（后天她会正在参加比赛吗？）

特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词 + would/should + 主语 + be + 动词现在分词；特殊疑问词 + was/were + 主语 + going to be + 动词现在分词

What would he be doing during the sports event?（体育赛事期间他将正在做什么？）

Where were they going to be having the training session?（他们打算在哪里进行训练？）

When would she be competing in the next game?（她将什么时候正在参加下一场比赛？）

被动语态：主语 + would/should be being + 过去分词（使用频率较低）

He said the sports event would be being organized by the school.（他说体育赛事将正在由学校组织。）

They thought the match wouldn't be being broadcast live.（他们认为比赛不会正在被直播。）

She told me the prize ceremony would be being held in the hall.（她告诉我颁奖典礼将正在大厅举行。）

九、现在完成时

用法：表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，强调结果的留存。例如运动员赢得比赛后，当下拥有的荣誉状态；完成训练后具备的技能提升。

表示从过去开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态，常与表示时间段的状语连用，突出动作的延续性 。

特征词：already（已经）、yet（还，用于否定句和疑问句）、ever（曾经）、never（从未）、just（刚刚）、so far（到目前为止）、up to now（到目前为止）、since + 时间点、for + 时间段

肯定句：主语 + have/has + 过去分词

She has already won three gold medals in swimming competitions.（她已经在游泳比赛中赢得了三枚金牌。）

They have practiced football for two hours every day since last month.（自从上个月以来，他们每天练习足球两个小时。）

The team has just finished a very intense training session.（这支队伍刚刚完成了一次非常高强度的训练。）

否定句：主语 + haven't/hasn't + 过去分词

He hasn't watched the latest basketball game yet.（他还没看过最新的那场篮球比赛。）

We haven't played tennis ever since the court closed.（自从网球场关闭后，我们就没打过网球。）

The athletes haven't started their new training program so far.（到目前为止，运动员们还没有开始他们的新训练计划。）

一般疑问句：Have/Has + 主语 + 过去分词

Has he ever participated in an international marathon?（他曾经参加过国际马拉松比赛吗？）

Have they won the championship in this sports event?（他们在这次体育赛事中赢得冠军了吗？）

Has the coach trained this team for three years?（教练已经训练这支队伍三年了吗？）

特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词 + have/has + 主语 + 过去分词

How many times have you played badminton this week?（你这周打了几次羽毛球？）

What sports has she tried since she joined the club?（自从她加入俱乐部以来，尝试过哪些运动？）

Where have they held the important football matches?（他们在哪里举办过重要的足球比赛？）

被动语态：主语 + have/has been + 过去分词

The sports records have been broken by the young athlete.（这些体育记录已经被这位年轻运动员打破了。）

The new sports rules have been announced by the committee.（新的体育规则已经被委员会宣布了。）

The competition venues have been decorated for the upcoming event.（比赛场地已经为即将到来的赛事布置好了。）

十、过去完成时

用法：表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成的动作，即 “过去的过去”。在体育运动场景中，常用于描述在过去某个特定比赛、训练等事件之前就已完成的准备、成就等。

特征词：by the end of + 过去时间、before + 过去时间、when/after 引导的过去时态时间状语从句（主句动作先于从句动作完成）

肯定句：主语 + had + 过去分词

By the end of last season, he had scored over 50 goals in football matches.（到上个赛季结束时，他在足球比赛中已经进了 50 多个球。）

She had practiced tennis for five years before she won her first championship.（在她赢得第一个冠军之前，她已经练习网球五年了。）

The team had completed all the necessary training before the big game started.（在那场重要比赛开始之前，队伍已经完成了所有必要的训练。）

否定句：主语 + hadn't + 过去分词

They hadn't prepared well for the competition before it was postponed.（在比赛延期之前，他们还没有为比赛做好充分准备。）

He hadn't joined any sports clubs before he entered university.（在他进入大学之前，他没有加入过任何体育俱乐部。）

The coach hadn't taught the new techniques to the players before the match began.（在比赛开始之前，教练还没有把新技术教给球员们。）

一般疑问句：Had + 主语 + 过去分词

Had she ever participated in a national sports event before she became famous?（在她成名之前，她曾经参加过全国性体育赛事吗？）

Had the team won any games before the new coach came?（在新教练到来之前，这支队伍赢过比赛吗？）

Had they finished the warm - up exercises when the referee blew the whistle?（当裁判吹响哨子时，他们已经完成热身运动了吗？）

特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词 + had + 主语 + 过去分词

What had they achieved in sports before they retired?（在他们退役之前，在体育方面取得了哪些成就？）

How many times had he broken his own record before the last competition?（在上次比赛之前，他已经打破自己的记录多少次了？）

Where had the athletes trained before they went to the Olympics?（在参加奥运会之前，运动员们在哪里训练？）

被动语态：主语 + had been + 过去分词

The old stadium had been renovated several times before it hosted the international match.（在举办那场国际比赛之前，这座旧体育场已经翻新过几次了。）

The sports equipment had been checked carefully before the athletes used it.（在运动员使用之前，体育器材已经被仔细检查过了。）

The competition results had been announced before we got the news.（在我们得到消息之前，比赛结果已经被公布了。）

十一、将来完成时

用法：表示在将来某一时间之前已经完成的动作，强调到将来某个时间点动作的完成状态，常与表示将来时间的状语连用。在体育领域，可用于预测未来赛事、运动员发展等方面的成果。

特征词：by the end of + 将来时间、by + 将来时间、before + 将来时间

肯定句：主语 + will/shall have + 过去分词

By the end of next year, she will have participated in ten international running races.（到明年年底，她将已经参加过十场国际跑步比赛。）

They will have built a new sports center in the city before the next sports event.（在下一次体育赛事之前，他们将已经在这座城市建成一个新的体育中心。）

The team will have trained for six months by the time the championship begins.（到锦标赛开始时，这支队伍将已经训练了六个月。）

否定句：主语 + won't/shan't have + 过去分词

He won't have recovered from his injury by the start of the next season.（到下个赛季开始时，他的伤势还不会痊愈。）

They won't have finished the new training plan before the deadline.（在截止日期之前，他们将还没有完成新的训练计划。）

The athletes won't have reached their best form by the day of the competition.（到比赛那天，运动员们将还没有达到最佳状态。）

一般疑问句：Will/Shall + 主语 + have + 过去分词

Will he have won a gold medal in the Olympics by 2028?（到 2028 年，他会已经在奥运会上赢得一枚金牌吗？）

Will the players have learned all the new tactics by the next match?（到下一场比赛时，球员们会已经学会所有新战术吗？）

Will they have improved their performance by the end of this training period?（到这个训练期结束时，他们会已经提高自己的表现吗？）

特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词 + will/shall + 主语 + have + 过去分词

How many trophies will she have won by the time she retires?（到她退役时，她将已经赢得多少座奖杯？）

What skills will the athletes have mastered by the end of the year?（到今年年底，运动员们将已经掌握哪些技能？）

When will they have completed the construction of the new stadium?（他们将在什么时候建成新体育场？）

被动语态：主语 + will/shall have been + 过去分词

The sports events will have been organized successfully by the local government by next month.（到下个月，这些体育赛事将已经被当地政府成功举办。）

The new sports regulations will have been implemented by the start of the next season.（到下个赛季开始时，新的体育规则将已经被实施。）

The awards will have been presented to the winners by the end of the ceremony.（到颁奖典礼结束时，奖项将已经被颁发给获奖者。）

十二、过去将来完成时

用法：从过去某一时间角度看，将来某一时间之前已经完成的动作，常用于宾语从句中，主句谓语动词为过去时态。在体育叙述中，用于描述过去对未来体育事件完成情况的设想或推测。

特征词：常用于宾语从句，主句为过去时态（如 said、thought、told 等动词后），by + 过去将来时间

肯定句：主语 + would/should have + 过去分词；主语 + was/were going to have + 过去分词

He said he would have finished the high - intensity training by the end of that week.（他说他到那周末将已经完成高强度训练。）

They thought they were going to have won the championship before the season ended.（他们认为在赛季结束前他们将已经赢得冠军。）

She told me she would have participated in three international competitions by the next year.（她告诉我到明年她将已经参加过三场国际比赛。）

否定句：主语 + wouldn't/shouldn't have + 过去分词；主语 + wasn't/weren't going to have + 过去分词

He said he wouldn't have reached the goal by the original deadline.（他说按原定截止日期他将无法达成目标。）

They weren't going to have completed the new stadium construction by the planned time.（他们按计划时间将无法完成新体育场的建设。）

She thought she wouldn't have recovered from the injury by the match day.（她认为到比赛那天她的伤势还不会痊愈。）

一般疑问句：Would/Should + 主语 + have + 过去分词；Was/Were + 主语 + going to have + 过去分词

Would he have broken the record by the end of the competition?（到比赛结束时，他会已经打破记录吗？）

Were they going to have trained for a whole year by the time the event started?（到赛事开始时，他们会已经训练一整年了吗？）

Would she have won the title before she turned 25?（在她 25 岁之前，她会已经赢得冠军头衔吗？）

特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词 + would/should + 主语 + have + 过去分词；特殊疑问词 + was/were + 主语 + going to have + 过去分词

What achievements would he have made in sports by the age of 30?（到 30 岁时，他在体育方面会已经取得哪些成就？）

How many matches were they going to have played by the end of the month?（到月底，他们打算已经参加多少场比赛？）

When would she have completed her training program?（她将在什么时候完成她的训练计划？）

被动语态：主语 + would/should have been + 过去分词；主语 + was/were going to have been + 过去分词

He said the sports event would have been hosted by another city by the next year.（他说到明年这项体育赛事将已经由另一个城市举办。）

They thought the stadium wasn't going to have been renovated by the start of the season.（他们认为到赛季开始时，体育场将还没有翻新完毕。）

She told me the new rules would have been introduced by the management before the game.（她告诉我到比赛时新规则将已经被管理层引入。）

十三、现在完成进行时

用法：表示从过去某一时间开始一直持续到现在的动作，强调动作的持续性和未完成性，且该动作可能仍在继续，对现在产生影响。在体育运动中，常用于描述运动员长期坚持的训练、某项赛事持续进行的准备工作等。

特征词：since + 时间点（表示从过去某一具体时间开始）、for + 时间段（表示持续了一段时间）、lately（最近）、recently（最近）、all day/week/month（整天 / 整周 / 整月）

肯定句：主语 + have/has been + 动词现在分词

She has been training for the upcoming marathon since last spring.（自去年春天以来，她一直在为即将到来的马拉松比赛进行训练。）

They have been playing basketball in this gym for two hours.（他们在这个体育馆打篮球已经两个小时了。）

The team has been practicing their new tactics lately to improve performance.（最近，这支队伍一直在练习新战术以提升表现。）

否定句：主语 + haven't/hasn't been + 动词现在分词

He hasn't been attending the swimming lessons recently because of his illness.（他最近因为生病，一直没去上游泳课。）

We haven't been running in the park these days due to the bad weather.（由于天气不好，这些天我们一直没在公园跑步。）

The athletes haven't been preparing for the competition since they got the new schedule.（自从运动员们拿到新赛程后，就一直没为比赛做准备。）

一般疑问句：Have/Has + 主语 + been + 动词现在分词

Has she been practicing the high jump every morning?（她每天早上都在练习跳高吗？）

Have they been training hard for the football league?（他们一直在为足球联赛刻苦训练吗？）

Has the coach been working on the team's defense strategy?（教练一直在研究球队的防守策略吗？）

特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词 + have/has + 主语 + been + 动词现在分词

How long have you been playing table tennis?（你打乒乓球多久了？）

What sports have they been doing to stay fit?（他们一直在做什么运动来保持健康？）

Where has he been training for the triathlon?（他一直在哪里为铁人三项赛进行训练？）

被动语态：无（现在完成进行时强调动作的持续性和主动进行的状态，一般不用于被动语态。因为被动语态侧重于动作的承受，与该时态强调主动持续进行的核心不符）

十四、过去完成进行时

用法：表示在过去某一时间之前，某个动作一直在持续进行，强调在 “过去的过去” 动作的持续性和未完成性，该动作可能在过去某一时间点停止，也可能仍在进行，对过去的某个时间产生影响。在体育运动语境中，常用于描述比赛、训练等事件发生前长期持续的准备或练习。

特征词：by + 过去时间、before + 过去时间、when/after 引导的过去时态时间状语从句（主句动作先于从句动作且持续进行）、for + 过去时间段、since + 过去时间点

肯定句：主语 + had been + 动词现在分词

By the time the match started, they had been warming up for half an hour.（比赛开始时，他们已经热身了半个小时。）

She had been practicing tennis for ten years before she decided to turn professional.（在她决定成为职业选手之前，她已经练习网球十年了。）

The athletes had been training hard for months before the Olympics began.（在奥运会开始前，运动员们已经刻苦训练了好几个月。）

否定句：主语 + hadn't been + 动词现在分词

They hadn't been preparing for the competition seriously until the coach reminded them.（直到教练提醒他们，他们才开始认真为比赛做准备。在此之前一直没认真准备）

He hadn't been playing football regularly since he got injured last year.（自从去年受伤后，他就一直没有定期踢足球。）

The team hadn't been practicing the new formation before the important game was suddenly advanced.（在那场重要比赛突然提前之前，队伍一直没有练习新阵型。）

一般疑问句：Had + 主语 + been + 动词现在分词

Had she been training for the swimming event when the accident happened?（事故发生时，她一直在为游泳比赛进行训练吗？）

Had they been competing in international tournaments before they won the championship?（在他们赢得冠军之前，一直在参加国际赛事吗？）

Had the coach been teaching the same techniques for a long time before he decided to change?（在教练决定改变之前，他长期以来一直在教授同样的技巧吗？）

特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词 + had + 主语 + been + 动词现在分词

How long had they been running before they stopped for a rest?（他们跑了多久才停下来休息？）

What sports had he been playing before he discovered his talent in basketball?（在发现自己篮球天赋之前，他一直在从事什么运动？）

Where had the team been practicing before they moved to the new stadium?（在搬到新体育场之前，队伍一直在哪里训练？）

被动语态：无（过去完成进行时同样强调动作的主动持续性，侧重于动作执行者的行为，所以一般不使用被动语态 ）

十五、将来完成进行时

用法：表示在将来某一时间之前，某个动作一直在持续进行，强调到将来的那个时间点，动作已经持续了一段时间，并且可能仍在进行。在体育运动领域，可用于预测运动员未来的训练、赛事筹备等持续进行的情况。

特征词：by + 将来时间、by the time + 将来时间状语从句、before + 将来时间

肯定句：主语 + will/shall have been + 动词现在分词

By the end of next month, she will have been training for the swimming competition for six months.（到下个月底，她将已经为游泳比赛训练了六个月。）

They will have been playing football in the league for three seasons by the time this year ends.（到今年年底，他们将已经在足球联赛中踢了三个赛季。）

The coach will have been working with the team for two years by the next championship.（到下一届锦标赛时，教练将已经和这支队伍合作两年了。）

否定句：主语 + won't/shan't have been + 动词现在分词

He won't have been practicing the long jump regularly by the time the selection begins.（到选拔开始时，他将不会一直定期练习跳远。）

They won't have been preparing for the tournament intensively before the deadline passes.（在截止日期过去之前，他们将不会一直高强度地为锦标赛做准备。）

The athletes won't have been competing in major events frequently by the end of next year.（到明年年底，运动员们将不会一直频繁地参加重大赛事。）

一般疑问句：Will/Shall + 主语 + have been + 动词现在分词

Will she have been running marathons for ten years by 2030?（到 2030 年，她会已经跑马拉松十年了吗？）

Will they have been training together as a team for a whole year by the next match?（到下一场比赛时，他们会已经作为一个团队一起训练一整年了吗？）

Will the trainer have been working with these athletes for five months by the time the program finishes?（到训练项目结束时，教练会已经和这些运动员合作五个月了吗？）

特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词 + will/shall + 主语 + have been + 动词现在分词

How long will he have been playing basketball professionally by the time he retires?（到他退役时，他将已经从事职业篮球运动多久了？）

What events will the athletes have been competing in by the end of this season?（到本赛季结束时，运动员们将一直在参加哪些赛事？）

When will they have been practicing this new routine for a sufficient period?（他们要到什么时候才会已经练习这套新动作足够长的时间？）

被动语态：无（将来完成进行时强调动作的主动持续过程，不强调动作的承受，因此通常不使用被动语态 ）

十六、过去将来完成进行时

用法：从过去某一时间的角度来看，在过去将来的某一时间之前，某个动作一直在持续进行，常用于宾语从句中，主句谓语动词为过去时态。在体育相关的叙述里，用于描述过去对未来某个时间之前持续进行的体育活动的设想或推测。

特征词：常用于宾语从句，主句为过去时态（如 said、thought、told 等动词后），by + 过去将来时间

肯定句：主语 + would/should have been + 动词现在分词；主语 + was/were going to have been + 动词现在分词

He said he would have been training for the triathlon for eight months by the next summer.（他说，到明年夏天，他将已经为铁人三项赛训练了八个月。）

They thought they were going to have been competing in international races for two years by then.（他们认为，到那时，他们将已经参加国际赛事两年了。）

She told me she would have been practicing the pole vault for a year by the time the college games started.（她告诉我，到大学生运动会开始时，她将已经练习撑杆跳高一年了。）

否定句：主语 + wouldn't/shouldn't have been + 动词现在分词；主语 + wasn't/weren't going to have been + 动词现在分词

He said he wouldn't have been playing football regularly by the end of that year.（他说，到那年年底，他将不会一直定期踢足球。）

They weren't going to have been training for the boxing match intensively before the date was changed.（在比赛日期更改之前，他们按计划不会一直高强度地为拳击比赛训练。）

She thought she wouldn't have been participating in track events frequently by the next season.（她认为，到下个赛季，她将不会一直频繁地参加田径赛事。）

一般疑问句：Would/Should + 主语 + have been + 动词现在分词；Was/Were + 主语 + going to have been + 动词现在分词

Would he have been practicing the javelin throw for a long time by the time the regional competition began?（到地区比赛开始时，他会已经练习标枪投掷很长时间了吗？）

Were they going to have been playing in the volleyball league for three seasons by the end of that year?（到那年年底，他们会已经参加排球联赛三个赛季了吗？）

Would she have been training with this coach for over a year by the next championship?（到下一届锦标赛时，她会已经和这位教练训练一年多了吗？）

特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词 + would/should + 主语 + have been + 动词现在分词；特殊疑问词 + was/were + 主语 + going to have been + 动词现在分词

How long would he have been competing in marathons by the time he reached 30?（到他 30 岁时，他会已经参加马拉松比赛多久了？）

What sports were they going to have been focusing on by the end of the training program?（到训练项目结束时，他们打算已经专注于哪些运动项目？）

When would she have been practicing the new gymnastics routine for an adequate amount of time?（她要到什么时候才会已经练习这套新的体操动作足够长的时间？）

被动语态：无（过去将来完成进行时强调从过去视角看未来动作的主动持续，不强调动作的被动承受，所以一般不使用被动语态 ）

英语基础