[7]让步状语从句:although/though、while

让步状语从句是用于表达“虽然、尽管、即使”等转折让步关系的从句,核心功能是“承认或假设某个不利/相反的情况存在,但主句的结果或观点依然成立”,即“退一步说,情况仍如此”。根据引导词的不同,可分为常规让步(though/although)、强调让步(even if/even though)、疑问词引导的让步(no matter+疑问词/疑问词+ever)、虚拟让步(as/though的倒装结构) 等类型,以下逐类详细讲解并提供例句。

一、由“though/although”引导的让步状语从句:表示“虽然、尽管”

“though”和“although”语义基本一致(“although”更正式,“though”可用于句末),引导的从句是“对客观事实的让步”——承认从句描述的情况真实存在,但主句的结果不受其影响。

关键规则:不能与but连用(though/although本身已表转折,再用but会语义重复),但可与yet、still连用(加强“依然”的语气)。

位置灵活:从句可位于主句前(用逗号隔开),也可位于主句后。

“though/although”引导的让步状语从句例句:

1. Although it rained heavily last night, the ground is dry this morning.(尽管昨晚下了大雨,但今天早上地面是干的。承认“下雨”的事实,主句强调“地面干”的意外结果,未用but)

2. She decided to go to work though she had a bad cold.(虽然她得了重感冒,但还是决定去上班。从句位于主句后,用though表让步,突出“坚持上班”的态度)

3. Although he is only 10 years old, he can solve complex math problems.(尽管他只有10岁,却能解复杂的数学题。承认“年龄小”的事实,主句强调“能力强”的反差)

4. The movie is worth watching though the ending is a little sad.(这部电影值得一看,尽管结局有点悲伤。从句位于主句后,用though让步,不否定“电影整体价值”)

5. Although they have little money, they live a happy life.(虽然他们没什么钱,但过着幸福的生活。对比“物质匮乏”和“精神幸福”,用although表正式让步)

6. He didn’t give up his dream though he failed many times.(尽管失败了很多次,他还是没有放弃梦想。用though承认“多次失败”,主句强调“坚持”)

7. Although the task is difficult, we are confident we can finish it on time.(尽管任务很难,但我们有信心按时完成。从句前置,用although表让步,衔接主句的“信心”)

8. The park is quiet and beautiful though it is located in the city center.(这个公园虽然位于市中心,却安静又漂亮。承认“位置喧闹”的客观情况,主句突出“环境清幽”的反差)

9. Although she is not good at sports, she always tries her best in PE class.(尽管她不擅长运动,但在体育课上总是尽最大努力。用although让步,不否定“努力的态度”)

10. He remembered all the details though he only heard the story once.(虽然他只听了一遍这个故事,却记住了所有细节。从句位于主句后,用though表“记忆能力强”的反差)

二、由“even if/even though”引导的让步状语从句:表示“即使、纵然”

“even if”和“even though”比“though/although”的让步语气更强,核心是“对‘假设的不利情况’或‘更极端的事实’让步”——即使出现从句中的极端情况,主句的结果依然不变。

语义区分:

“even though”引导的从句多为真实存在的事实(类似although,但语气更强);

“even if”引导的从句多为假设的、未发生的情况(表“退一步假设”)。

“even if/even though”引导的让步状语从句例句:

1. We will hold the sports meeting even if it rains tomorrow.(即使明天下雨,我们也要举办运动会。从句“下雨”是假设的未发生情况,用even if表“无论是否下雨,结果不变”)

2. Even though he was very tired, he continued to finish his work.(纵然他非常累,还是继续完成了工作。从句“累”是真实事实,用even though加强让步语气,突出“坚持”)

3. She will not change her mind even if you try to persuade her many times.(即使你多次劝说,她也不会改变主意。从句“劝说”是假设情况,用even if表“态度坚定,不受影响”)

4. Even though the company is facing difficulties, it still refuses to cut employees’ salaries.(尽管公司正面临困难,但仍拒绝降低员工工资。从句“困难”是真实情况,用even though强调“不裁员降薪”的担当)

5. He will go to the party even if he has to work overtime in the afternoon.(即使下午要加班,他也会去参加派对。从句“加班”是假设,用even if表“优先选择派对”的决定)

6. Even though she has lived abroad for 20 years, she still speaks Chinese fluently.(纵然她在国外生活了20年,中文说得依然流利。从句“国外生活久”是事实,用even though突出“中文未生疏”)

7. We will keep walking even if the road ahead is full of stones.(即使前面的路布满石头,我们也会继续走下去。从句“路难走”是假设,用even if表“不退缩”的决心)

8. Even though the book is very expensive, he bought it without hesitation.(尽管这本书很贵,他还是毫不犹豫地买了。从句“贵”是事实,用even though强调“重视书籍,不计成本”)

9. She will take care of the old man even if no one pays her.(即使没人给她报酬,她也会照顾这位老人。从句“无报酬”是假设,用even if表“无私的态度”)

10. Even though he lost the game, he received warm applause from the audience.(纵然他输了比赛,还是获得了观众的热烈掌声。从句“输比赛”是事实,用even though突出“虽败犹荣”)

三、由“no matter+疑问词”或“疑问词+ever”引导的让步状语从句:表示“无论……”

这类引导词(如no matter what/whatever, no matter who/whoever, no matter how/however等)引导的是“无条件让步”——无论从句中的“疑问词所指代的内容”是什么,主句的结果都不会改变,即“在任何情况下,都如此”。

语义等价:“no matter+疑问词” = “疑问词+ever”(如no matter what = whatever),后者更书面化;

注意:“no matter+疑问词”不能引导主语从句或宾语从句,而“疑问词+ever”可以(如Whatever he says is true. 此处whatever引导主语从句,不能换no matter what)。

“no matter+疑问词/疑问词+ever”引导的让步状语从句例句:

1. No matter what happens, I will always stand by your side.(无论发生什么,我都会一直支持你。no matter what表“无论事情如何变化”,主句强调“支持不变”)

2. Whatever you decide to do, your parents will support you.(无论你决定做什么,父母都会支持你。whatever等价于no matter what,引导无条件让步)

3. No matter who you are, you must follow the school rules.(无论你是谁,都必须遵守校规。no matter who表“无论身份如何”,强调“规则面前人人平等”)

4. Whoever calls me, tell them I’m busy right now.(无论谁打电话给我,都告诉他们我现在很忙。whoever等价于no matter who,引导让步)

5. No matter how difficult the problem is, we will find a way to solve it.(无论问题有多难,我们都会找到解决办法。no matter how后接形容词difficult,表“无论难度如何”)

6. However late he comes home, his wife always waits for him to have dinner.(无论他回家多晚,妻子总会等他一起吃晚饭。however等价于no matter how,后接副词late,表“无论时间多晚”)

7. No matter where you go, don’t forget your hometown.(无论你去何方,都不要忘记你的家乡。no matter where表“无论地点如何变化”,强调“乡情不变”)

8. Wherever she travels, she always brings back a small souvenir.(无论旅行到哪里,她总会带一个小纪念品回来。wherever等价于no matter where,引导让步)

9. No matter when you need help, you can call me at any time.(无论你什么时候需要帮助,都可以随时给我打电话。no matter when表“无论时间何时”,强调“随时提供帮助”)

10. Whenever I see this photo, I think of my happy childhood.(无论何时看到这张照片,我都会想起快乐的童年。whenever等价于no matter when,引导让步,衔接“照片”与“回忆”)

四、由“as/though”引导的倒装让步状语从句:表示“尽管……(表强调)”

“as”和“though”引导让步状语从句时,可通过“倒装结构”加强让步语气,核心是“将从句中的形容词、副词、名词(需加a/an)或动词原形置于句首”,主谓顺序不变(名词提前时,冠词a/an需省略)。

结构公式:

形容词+as/though+主语+be动词 → Young as he is...(尽管他年轻……)

副词+as/though+主语+动词 → Fast as he runs...(尽管他跑得很快……)

名词(省略a/an)+as/though+主语+be动词 → Child as he is...(尽管他是个孩子……)

注意:此结构中“as”不能换“although”,“though”可换“as”,语气比常规though/although更强。

“as/though”倒装引导的让步状语从句例句:

1. Young as he is, he has a deep understanding of life.(尽管他年轻,却对生活有深刻的理解。形容词Young置于句首倒装,as引导,表强调“年轻”与“深刻理解”的反差)

2. Hard though she works, she never complains about being tired.(尽管她工作很努力,却从不抱怨累。副词Hard置于句首倒装,though引导,突出“努力”与“不抱怨”的态度)

3. Poor as they are, they are always willing to help others.(尽管他们贫穷,却总是愿意帮助别人。形容词Poor置于句首倒装,as引导,对比“物质匮乏”与“精神富足”)

4. Fast as he runs, he still can’t catch up with the professional runner.(尽管他跑得很快,还是追不上那位职业运动员。副词Fast置于句首倒装,as引导,强调“速度快但仍有差距”)

5. Child though he is, he can take care of his sick mother.(尽管他是个孩子,却能照顾生病的妈妈。名词Child置于句首,省略a,though引导,突出“年龄小却懂事”)

6. Brave as she is, she still feels nervous before the exam.(尽管她很勇敢,考试前还是会感到紧张。形容词Brave置于句首倒装,as引导,表“勇敢”与“紧张”的真实状态)

7. Slow though the old man walks, he never stops moving forward.(尽管老人走得很慢,却从未停止前进。副词Slow置于句首倒装,though引导,强调“速度慢但不放弃”)

8. Small as the room is, it is clean and tidy.(尽管这个房间小,却干净整洁。形容词Small置于句首倒装,as引导,对比“空间小”与“环境好”)

9. Difficult though the task is, we will not give up easily.(尽管任务很难,我们也不会轻易放弃。形容词Difficult置于句首倒装,though引导,突出“困难”与“坚持”的决心)

10. Talented as he is, he still practices the piano for 2 hours every day.(尽管他有天赋,还是每天练习钢琴2小时。形容词Talented置于句首倒装,as引导,表“有天赋仍努力”的态度)

英语基础