[9]比较状语从句：as...as

陈一男学习网站[ ChenYinan.com ] - 英语语法 - 英语单词

比较状语从句是用于对两种或多种事物的性质、数量、程度、行为方式等进行比较的从句，通常由特定的从属连词引导，核心功能是明确“与……相比”的逻辑关系。根据比较的类型，可分为同级比较、比较级比较、最高级比较和倍数比较四大类，以下将逐类详细讲解并提供例句。

一、同级比较状语从句：表示“和……一样”或“不如……”

核心引导词：as...as...（肯定式，表“和……一样”）、not as/so...as...（否定式，表“不如……”）。

结构特点：前一个“as”是副词，后接形容词/副词原级；后一个“as”是从属连词，引导比较状语从句（从句中常省略与主句重复的成分，如主语、谓语动词等）。

逻辑本质：强调两者在某一维度上“程度相等”（肯定）或“程度不等”（否定）。

同级比较（as...as...）例句：

1. She sings as beautifully as her mother (sings).（她唱歌和她妈妈一样好听。从句中省略了重复的谓语动词“sings”）

2. This novel is as interesting as that one (is).（这本小说和那本一样有趣。从句省略了重复的系动词“is”）

3. He runs as fast as a professional athlete (runs).（他跑得和职业运动员一样快。）

4. The new phone works as smoothly as the old one (does).（这部新手机用起来和旧手机一样流畅。）

5. It’s as hot today as it was yesterday.（今天和昨天一样热。从句未省略“it was”，因时间状语“yesterday”需明确）

6. My little sister draws as well as an art student (draws).（我妹妹画画和美术生一样好。）

7. The coffee in this shop tastes as good as the one in the café downtown.（这家店的咖啡和市中心咖啡馆的一样好喝。）

8. He studies as hard as his best friend (studies) every night.（他每晚和他最好的朋友一样努力学习。）

9. The park is as quiet as a library (is) in the early morning.（清晨的公园和图书馆一样安静。）

10. This dress fits me as well as the blue one (fits me).（这条裙子和那条蓝色的一样合身。）

同级比较（not as/so...as...）例句：

1. This movie is not as exciting as the one we watched last week.（这部电影不如我们上周看的那部刺激。）

2. He doesn’t speak English so fluently as his sister (does).（他说英语不如他姐姐流利。否定式中“so”可替换“as”，更口语化）

3. The weather today is not as warm as it was yesterday.（今天的天气不如昨天暖和。）

4. This restaurant’s food is not so delicious as my mom’s cooking.（这家餐厅的菜不如我妈妈做的好吃。）

5. She isn’t as tall as her brother (is) though she’s older.（虽然她年纪更大，但身高不如她弟弟。）

6. The new laptop is not as light as the old one (is).（这部新笔记本电脑不如旧的轻。）

7. He doesn’t play basketball so well as his classmates (do).（他打篮球不如他的同学好。）

8. This book is not as thick as the dictionary on the shelf.（这本书不如书架上的词典厚。）

9. The party last night was not as fun as we expected.（昨晚的派对不如我们预期的有趣。）

10. My garden is not so big as my neighbor’s (garden).（我的花园不如邻居的大。）

二、比较级比较状语从句：表示“比……更……”

核心引导词：than（直接引导比较对象，从句需用“比较级+than”结构）。

结构特点：主句中必须出现形容词/副词的比较级（如taller, faster, more carefully），than引导的从句需明确“与什么比较”，从句中常省略重复的主语、谓语或宾语（避免冗余）。

注意点：若比较对象是“主语的一部分”，需用“than any other+单数名词”（避免逻辑错误，如“他比班里所有人都高”不能说“He is taller than all students in his class”，需加“other”排除自己）。

比较级（than）例句：

1. Tom is taller than his twin brother (is).（汤姆比他的双胞胎弟弟高。从句省略系动词“is”）

2. She studies harder than any other student in her class (studies).（她比班里其他任何学生都努力学习。用“any other”排除自身，符合逻辑）

3. This train runs faster than that bus (runs) to the city center.（这趟火车去市中心比那辆公交车快。）

4. He speaks French more fluently than his teacher (speaks it).（他说法语比他的老师还流利。从句省略宾语“it”）

5. The summer in Beijing is hotter than it is in Shanghai.（北京的夏天比上海热。从句保留“it is”，明确比较“天气”）

6. This skirt is more expensive than the dress I tried on yesterday (is).（这条裙子比我昨天试穿的那条连衣裙贵。）

7. She dances more gracefully than any other girl in the dance group (dances).（她比舞蹈队里其他任何女孩都跳得优雅。）

8. The new smartphone charges much quicker than the old model (charges).（这部新智能手机比旧型号充电快得多。“much”修饰比较级，表“……得多”）

9. He finished his homework earlier than his sister (finished hers).（他比他姐姐更早完成作业。从句省略宾语“hers”）

10. The air in the countryside is fresher than it is in the big city.（乡下的空气比大城市里的新鲜。）

三、最高级比较状语从句：表示“最……的（范围）”

核心引导词：the+最高级+...+that/who/which（that可省略，若先行词是人，可用who；若先行词是物，可用which，但that更常用）。

结构特点：主句必须出现“the+形容词/副词最高级”（如the tallest, the most carefully），从句需明确“比较的范围”（如“在我认识的人里”“在这三本书中”），从句常修饰前面的名词（先行词）。

最高级（the+最高级+that/who/which）例句：

1. He is the kindest person (that) I have ever met.（他是我见过的最善良的人。先行词“person”指人，that可省略，从句用现在完成时表“到目前为止”）

2. This is the most interesting book (that) I have read this year.（这是我今年读过的最有趣的书。先行词“book”指物，that可省略）

3. She is the best singer who has performed in this theater.（她是在这家剧院表演过的最好的歌手。先行词“singer”指人，用who引导）

4. This building is the tallest one (that) stands in our neighborhood.（这栋楼是我们小区里最高的建筑。）

5. It was the most delicious meal (that) my grandma has ever cooked.（那是我奶奶做过的最美味的一顿饭。）

6. He is the fastest runner (that) our school has ever had.（他是我们学校有史以来跑得最快的运动员。）

7. This is the most difficult problem (that) I have ever solved.（这是我解决过的最难的问题。）

8. She is the most hard-working student who studies in this class.（她是这个班里学习最努力的学生。）

9. That was the coldest winter (that) I can remember.（那是我能记住的最冷的一个冬天。）

10. This is the most beautiful park (that) I have visited in this city.（这是我在这座城市里去过的最美的公园。）

四、倍数比较状语从句：表示“是……的几倍”

核心引导词/结构：times as...as...（是……的几倍）、times more than...（比……多几倍）、times the+名词+of...（……的几倍大/长等）。

逻辑区分：

“A is 3 times as big as B” = A的大小是B的3倍（A比B大2倍）；

“A is 3 times bigger than B” 在口语中常等同于“A是B的3倍”，但严格语法中表“A比B大3倍”（即A是B的4倍），日常使用以“times as...as...”更准确。

倍数比较例句：

1. This room is three times as big as that one.（这个房间是那个房间的三倍大。）

2. The population of this city is five times larger than it was ten years ago.（这座城市的人口是十年前的五倍。口语中“larger than”表“是……的几倍”）

3. This tree is twice as tall as the fence in front of it.（这棵树是它前面栅栏的两倍高。“twice”表示“两倍”）

4. The output of this factory is four times more than that of last year.（这家工厂的产量是去年的四倍。“that”指代前文的“output”，避免重复）

5. This building is six times the height of the old office building.（这栋楼的高度是旧办公楼的六倍。“the height of”后接比较对象，表“……的高度”）

6. His salary is three times as high as mine.（他的薪水是我的三倍。）

7. The area of this park is five times the size of the small square nearby.（这个公园的面积是附近小广场的五倍。“the size of”表“……的面积”）

8. This new car runs twice as fast as my old one.（这辆新车的速度是我的旧车的两倍。）

9. The number of students in this school is four times more than it was five years ago.（这所学校的学生数量是五年前的四倍。）

10. This bag is three times as heavy as the one you’re carrying.（这个包是你手里拎的那个的三倍重。）

英语基础