积累:take

“take” 是英语中最常用的动词之一,搭配不同介词或副词可构成含义丰富的短语,覆盖动作、状态、情感等多个维度。以下按使用场景和核心含义分类,结合具体语境和例句详细解析,帮助理解其用法差异。

一、表示“拿取、携带”类短语

这类短语核心含义围绕“将某物从一处移到另一处”,但具体动作细节不同。

1. take away

基本含义:把某物从当前地点“拿走、带走”;也可表示“外卖”(名词用法)。

语境解析:强调“离开原位置”,对象可以是具体物品或抽象事物(如烦恼、疼痛)。

例句:

Please take away your books from the desk after class.(课后请把你的书从桌子上拿走。)

I’m too tired to cook, so I’ll order take away tonight.(我太累了不想做饭,今晚点外卖。)

A hot drink took away the chill in my bones.(一杯热饮驱散了我骨子里的寒意。)

2. take along

基本含义:“随身携带”某物,通常指为特定目的带在身边(如出行、办事时)。

语境解析:突出“伴随自身移动”,常搭配“with sb”说明携带场景。

例句:

Don’t forget to take along an umbrella—it might rain this afternoon.(别忘了带把伞,下午可能下雨。)

She took her little sister along to the park.(她带妹妹一起去了公园。)

3. take out

基本含义:有两个核心用法:①“拿出、取出”(从容器、口袋等封闭空间里拿出某物);②“带某人外出”(如吃饭、看电影)。

语境解析:前者强调“从内部到外部”的动作,后者侧重“陪伴某人离开日常环境”。

例句:

He took out a key from his pocket and opened the door.(他从口袋里掏出钥匙,打开了门。)

My parents take me out for dinner every weekend.(我父母每周都带我出去吃晚饭。)

二、表示“时间、花费”类短语

这类短语聚焦“占用时间”或“消耗资源”,主语可为人或物。

1. take time

基本含义:“花费时间”,强调动作需要一定时长,不急于完成;也可表示“慢慢来”(口语中)。

语境解析:常用“it takes sb + 时间 + to do sth”的固定句型,其中“it”是形式主语,真正主语是后面的不定式。

例句:

Learning a new language takes time—you can’t rush it.(学一门新语言需要时间,不能急。)

It took me three hours to finish this report.(我花了三个小时完成这份报告。)

Take your time—there’s no hurry to leave.(慢慢来,不用急着走。)

2. take up

基本含义:①“占用(时间、空间)”;②“开始学习/从事(新爱好、活动)”。

语境解析:前者侧重“占据资源”,后者强调“开启新事物”,需根据语境区分。

例句:

This big bookshelf takes up half of my bedroom.(这个大书架占了我卧室一半的空间。)

She took up painting after she retired, and now she’s very good at it.(她退休后开始学画画,现在已经很擅长了。)

三、表示“接受、承担”类短语

这类短语核心是“对某事物做出回应或承担责任”,多与抽象概念搭配。

1. take in

基本含义:含义较丰富,常见有:①“理解、领会”(信息、知识);②“收留、接纳”(某人);③“欺骗、上当”(口语,被动用法)。

语境解析:需结合上下文判断——“理解”侧重思维层面,“收留”侧重提供住所,“欺骗”侧重被动受骗。

例句:

The teacher spoke too fast, and I couldn’t take in all the information.(老师说得太快,我没听清所有内容。)

They took in a homeless dog and gave it a warm home.(他们收留了一只流浪狗,给了它一个温暖的家。)

He was taken in by the stranger’s sweet words and gave him money.(他被陌生人的花言巧语骗了,给了对方钱。)

2. take on

基本含义:①“承担(责任、工作)”;②“呈现(某种外观、性质)”;③“与……较量、对抗”。

语境解析:“承担”侧重主动接受任务,“呈现”侧重事物外观或状态的变化,“对抗”侧重竞争或挑战。

例句:

She took on the role of team leader and worked hard to coordinate everyone.(她承担了组长的角色,努力协调所有人。)

The leaves take on a golden color in autumn.(树叶在秋天呈现出金黄色。)

He decided to take on the champion in the next competition.(他决定在下次比赛中挑战冠军。)

3. take up(补充:与“承担”相关的用法)

额外含义:“接受(提议、邀请)”,此时与“accept”近义,但更口语化。

例句:

They offered her a job, and she took it up without hesitation.(他们给她提供了一份工作,她毫不犹豫地接受了。)

四、表示“乘坐、选择”类短语

这类短语与“出行方式”或“做出选择”相关,日常使用频率高。

1. take + 交通工具

基本含义:“乘坐某种交通工具”,是固定搭配,无需加冠词(如 take bus 错误,需说 take a bus/take buses)。

语境解析:区别于“by + 交通工具”(如 by bus)——“take + 冠词 + 交通工具”是动词短语,可作谓语;“by + 交通工具”是介词短语,需搭配动词(如 go by bus)。

例句:

I usually take a subway to work, but today I took a taxi because I was late.(我通常坐地铁上班,但今天迟到了,就打了车。)

They took a plane to Paris for their honeymoon.(他们坐飞机去巴黎度蜜月。)

2. take off

基本含义:①“(飞机)起飞”;②“脱下(衣物、鞋帽)”;③“突然成功、迅速发展”(口语,描述人或事物)。

语境解析:“起飞”和“脱下”是具体动作,“突然成功”是抽象用法,需结合场景判断。

例句:

The plane will take off in ten minutes, so we need to hurry to the gate.(飞机十分钟后起飞,我们得赶紧去登机口。)

Take off your coat—it’s warm inside the room.(把外套脱了吧,屋里很暖和。)

His business took off after he launched the new product.(推出新产品后,他的生意迅速红火起来。)

3. take over

基本含义:“接管、接手”(工作、公司、任务等),强调“从他人手中接过控制权”。

例句:

When the manager resigned, his assistant took over his work temporarily.(经理辞职后,他的助手暂时接管了他的工作。)

The big company took over three small factories last year.(这家大公司去年收购了三家小工厂。)

五、其他高频实用短语

1. take care

基本含义:“小心、注意”,日常告别或提醒他人时使用,可单独用,也可加“of”表示“照顾”。

搭配扩展:take care of sb/sth(照顾某人/某物)。

例句:

Take care when you cross the road—it’s very busy.(过马路时小心,车很多。)

She stays at home to take care of her sick mother.(她在家照顾生病的妈妈。)

2. take place

基本含义:“发生、举行”,主语通常是“事件、会议、活动”等,无被动语态(不能说“be taken place”),与“happen”近义,但“take place”更侧重“有计划、有安排地发生”。

例句:

The meeting will take place in the conference room at 2 pm.(会议将于下午2点在会议室举行。)

Great changes have taken place in my hometown in the past ten years.(过去十年,我的家乡发生了巨大的变化。)

3. take part in

基本含义:“参加(活动、比赛、会议等)”,强调“主动参与其中”,主语是人,与“participate in”近义,但更口语化。

例句:

All students are encouraged to take part in the school sports meeting.(鼓励所有学生参加学校运动会。)

She took part in a volunteer project to help poor children last summer.(去年夏天,她参加了一个帮助贫困儿童的志愿项目。)

英语基础