词法:副词
副词(Adverb)是英语中用于修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或整个句子的语法成分,核心功能是补充说明“动作如何发生”“性质程度如何”“情况何时/何地/为何发生”等细节,让句子语义更精准、丰富。副词的形式灵活,多数由形容词加“-ly”构成(如quick→quickly),但也有不规则形式(如good→well),且位置可根据修饰对象调整。
1. 核心作用
副词的本质是“回答关于动作或状态的疑问”,比如:
修饰动词时,回答“如何做?”(He runs *fast*. 他跑得快——“fast”回答“跑”的方式);
修饰形容词时,回答“程度如何?”(She is *very* happy. 她非常开心——“very”回答“开心”的程度);
修饰句子时,回答“情况如何/为何?”(*Luckily*, he passed the exam. 幸运的是,他通过了考试——“Luckily”说明整个句子的情况)。
2. 主要分类(按功能划分)
根据修饰对象和表达的语义,副词可分为方式副词、程度副词、时间副词、地点副词、频度副词、疑问副词、连接副词、评论副词八大类,每类功能明确,位置和用法各有特点。
一、方式副词(Adverb of Manner):修饰动词,表“动作的方式/方法”
规则:多数由形容词加“-ly”构成(如careful→carefully),少数为不规则形式(如hard→hard,fast→fast);通常位于句末,若修饰的动词后接宾语,需放在宾语之后。
1. She speaks English fluently because she lived in the US for 5 years.(她英语说得很流利,因为她在美国住了5年。“fluently”修饰动词“speaks”,表“说”的方式)
2. He drives carefully to avoid accidents on the busy road.(他开车很小心,以防在繁忙的路上发生事故。“carefully”修饰动词“drives”,表“开车”的方式)
3. The children played happily in the park all afternoon.(孩子们在公园里开心地玩了一下午。“happily”修饰动词“played”,表“玩”的方式)
4. She writes neatly; all her notebooks look like printed books.(她写字很工整,所有笔记本都像印刷品一样。“neatly”修饰动词“writes”,表“写”的方式)
5. He solved the math problem quickly with the teacher’s hint.(有了老师的提示,他很快解出了这道数学题。“quickly”修饰动词“solved”,表“解”的方式)
6. The singer sang the song softly to express her deep feelings.(歌手轻柔地唱着歌,以表达她深沉的情感。“softly”修饰动词“sang”,表“唱”的方式)
7. They walked slowly along the river to enjoy the sunset.(他们沿着河边慢慢走,欣赏日落。“slowly”修饰动词“walked”,表“走”的方式)
8. He painted the picture carefully to make every detail perfect.(他仔细地画这幅画,让每个细节都完美。“carefully”修饰动词“painted”,表“画”的方式)
9. She danced gracefully on the stage, attracting everyone’s attention.(她在舞台上优雅地跳舞,吸引了所有人的目光。“gracefully”修饰动词“danced”,表“跳舞”的方式)
10. The old man told stories patiently to the children around him.(老人耐心地给周围的孩子讲故事。“patiently”修饰动词“told”,表“讲故事”的方式)
二、程度副词(Adverb of Degree):修饰形容词、副词或动词,表“程度深浅”
规则:常见程度副词有very(非常)、quite(相当)、rather(相当,偏贬义)、too(太,表过度)、enough(足够,需后置)、almost(几乎)、hardly(几乎不)等;修饰形容词/副词时位于其前,修饰动词时可位于动词前或句末。
1. The movie is very interesting; I want to watch it again.(这部电影非常有趣,我想再看一遍。“very”修饰形容词“interesting”,表“有趣”的程度)
2. He runs quite fast; he won the first prize in the school race.(他跑得相当快,在学校的赛跑中得了第一名。“quite”修饰副词“fast”,表“快”的程度)
3. This shirt is too small for me; I need a larger size.(这件衬衫对我来说太小了,我需要大一号的。“too”修饰形容词“small”,表“小”的程度过度)
4. She is old enough to take care of herself now.(她现在已经足够大,可以自己照顾自己了。“enough”修饰形容词“old”,需后置,表“年龄足够”)
5. He has almost finished his homework; he just needs to write the last paragraph.(他几乎完成了作业,只差写最后一段了。“almost”修饰动词“finished”,表“完成”的程度接近完成)
6. The water is rather cold; I don’t want to swim in it.(水相当凉,我不想在里面游泳。“rather”修饰形容词“cold”,表“凉”的程度,偏负面)
7. She speaks so quietly that I can hardly hear her.(她说话太轻了,我几乎听不见。“so”修饰副词“quietly”,表“轻”的程度,后接“that”引导结果从句)
8. He is hardly ever late for work; he always gets up early.(他上班几乎从不迟到,总是早起。“hardly”修饰副词“ever”,表“迟到”的程度几乎没有)
9. The cake tastes quite delicious; did you make it yourself?(这蛋糕尝起来相当美味,是你自己做的吗?“quite”修饰形容词“delicious”,表“美味”的程度)
10. They are not quite ready for the exam; they need one more week to review.(他们还没完全准备好考试,需要再用一周时间复习。“quite”修饰形容词“ready”,表“准备好”的程度未达完全)
三、时间副词(Adverb of Time):修饰动词,表“动作发生的时间”
规则:常见时间副词有now(现在)、yesterday(昨天)、today(今天)、tomorrow(明天)、soon(很快)、already(已经)、yet(还,用于否定句/疑问句)、just(刚刚)、then(那时)等;通常位于句末或句首,强调时间时可提前。
1. I am busy now; I can talk to you after lunch.(我现在很忙,午饭后可以和你聊。“now”修饰动词“am”,表“忙”的时间是现在)
2. He visited his grandparents yesterday with his parents.(他昨天和父母一起去看望了祖父母。“yesterday”修饰动词“visited”,表“看望”的时间是昨天)
3. We will have a math test tomorrow morning; I need to review tonight.(我们明天早上有数学测试,我今晚需要复习。“tomorrow”修饰动词“will have”,表“有测试”的时间是明天)
4. The train will arrive soon; please get ready to board.(火车很快就要到了,请准备好上车。“soon”修饰动词“will arrive”,表“到达”的时间即将到来)
5. She has already finished her homework; she is watching TV now.(她已经完成了作业,现在正在看电视。“already”修饰动词“has finished”,表“完成”的时间已发生,用于肯定句)
6. Have you finished your report yet? The deadline is today.(你的报告还没写完吗?截止日期是今天。“yet”修饰动词“have finished”,用于疑问句,表“还未完成”)
7. He just called you; he wants to ask about the meeting time.(他刚刚给你打电话了,想问会议时间。“just”修饰动词“called”,表“打电话”的时间是刚刚)
8. I lived in Beijing then; I moved to Shanghai two years ago.(那时我住在北京,两年前搬到了上海。“then”修饰动词“lived”,表“住”的时间是过去的某个时刻)
9. They will leave for Paris next week; they have already booked the tickets.(他们下周要去巴黎,已经订好了机票。“next week”修饰动词“will leave”,表“离开”的时间是下周)
10. I haven’t seen him recently; I wonder how he is doing.(我最近没见过他,不知道他过得怎么样。“recently”修饰动词“haven’t seen”,表“没见”的时间是最近)
四、地点副词(Adverb of Place):修饰动词,表“动作发生的地点”
规则:常见地点副词有here(这里)、there(那里)、everywhere(到处)、anywhere(任何地方)、nowhere(无处)、up(向上)、down(向下)、inside(在里面)、outside(在外面)等;通常位于句末,若句子含宾语,需放在宾语之后。
1. Please come here; I have something important to tell you.(请到这里来,我有重要的事要告诉你。“here”修饰动词“come”,表“来”的地点是这里)
2. The children are playing there in the park; let’s join them.(孩子们在公园的那边玩,我们过去加入他们吧。“there”修饰动词“are playing”,表“玩”的地点是那里)
3. She looked everywhere for her lost key, but she couldn’t find it.(她到处找丢失的钥匙,但没找到。“everywhere”修饰动词“looked”,表“找”的地点是到处)
4. You can go anywhere you want during the summer vacation.(暑假期间你可以去任何你想去的地方。“anywhere”修饰动词“go”,表“去”的地点是任何地方)
5. There is nowhere to hide; everyone will know the truth soon.(无处可藏了,很快所有人都会知道真相。“nowhere”修饰动词“is”,表“藏”的地点不存在)
6. The balloon flew up into the sky until we couldn’t see it.(气球向上飞到了天空中,直到我们看不见它。“up”修饰动词“flew”,表“飞”的地点方向是向上)
7. He walked down the street to buy a bottle of water.(他沿着街道往下走,去买一瓶水。“down”修饰动词“walked”,表“走”的地点方向是向下)
8. Please wait outside the classroom; the teacher will come soon.(请在教室外面等,老师很快就来。“outside”修饰动词“wait”,表“等”的地点是外面)
9. She left her bag inside the car; we need to go back to get it.(她把包落在车里了,我们得回去拿。“inside”修饰动词“left”,表“落”的地点是车里)
10. The cat ran underneath the bed when it heard the loud noise.(猫听到巨响后,跑到了床底下。“underneath”修饰动词“ran”,表“跑”的地点是床底下)
五、频度副词(Adverb of Frequency):修饰动词,表“动作发生的频率”
规则:常见频度副词有always(总是)、usually(通常)、often(经常)、sometimes(有时)、seldom(很少)、hardly ever(几乎不)、never(从不)等;位置特殊——修饰“be动词”时位于其后,修饰“实义动词”时位于其前,修饰“情态动词/助动词”时位于其后、实义动词前。
1. She always gets up at 6 a.m. to do morning exercises.(她总是早上6点起床做早操。“always”修饰实义动词“gets up”,位于其前,表“起床”的频率是“总是”)
2. They usually go to the cinema on weekends to watch new movies.(他们通常周末去电影院看新电影。“usually”修饰实义动词“go”,位于其前,表“去”的频率是“通常”)
3. He often plays basketball with his friends after school.(他经常放学后和朋友一起打篮球。“often”修饰实义动词“plays”,位于其前,表“打”的频率是“经常”)
4. I sometimes cook dinner for my family when my mother is busy.(妈妈忙的时候,我有时会给家人做晚饭。“sometimes”修饰实义动词“cook”,位于其前,表“做”的频率是“有时”)
5. She seldom eats fast food because she thinks it’s unhealthy.(她很少吃快餐,因为她觉得快餐不健康。“seldom”修饰实义动词“eats”,位于其前,表“吃”的频率是“很少”)
6. He hardly ever drinks coffee; he prefers tea instead.(他几乎不喝咖啡,更喜欢喝茶。“hardly ever”修饰实义动词“drinks”,位于其前,表“喝”的频率是“几乎不”)
7. They never late for work; they value their jobs very much.(他们上班从不迟到,非常重视自己的工作。“never”修饰be动词“are”(省略),位于其后,表“迟到”的频率是“从不”)
8. We can always ask our teacher for help when we have questions.(有问题时,我们总是可以向老师求助。“always”修饰情态动词“can”和实义动词“ask”,位于“can”后、“ask”前)
9. She is usually quiet in class, but she talks a lot with friends after class.(她课堂上通常很安静,但课后和朋友聊很多。“usually”修饰be动词“is”,位于其后,表“安静”的频率是“通常”)
10. He has never been to New York; he hopes to visit it next year.(他从没去过纽约,希望明年能去。“never”修饰助动词“has”和实义动词“been”,位于“has”后、“been”前)
六、疑问副词(Interrogative Adverb):引导特殊疑问句,表“对时间/地点/方式/原因的疑问”
规则:常见疑问副词有when(何时)、where(何地)、how(如何)、why(为何);位于句首,引导特殊疑问句,句子需用“疑问副词+一般疑问句语序”。
1. When will you come back from your business trip?(你出差什么时候回来?“when”引导疑问句,对“回来”的时间提问)
2. Where did you buy this beautiful dress? I want to get one too.(你在哪里买的这条漂亮裙子?我也想买一条。“where”引导疑问句,对“买”的地点提问)
3. How do you usually go to work? By bus or by subway?(你通常怎么去上班?坐公交还是地铁?“how”引导疑问句,对“去上班”的方式提问)
4. Why did you change your mind about the travel plan?(你为什么改变了对旅行计划的想法?“why”引导疑问句,对“改变想法”的原因提问)
5. When did you start learning to play the guitar?(你什么时候开始学弹吉他的?“when”引导疑问句,对“开始学”的时间提问)
6. Where will you hold your birthday party this year?(今年你会在哪里举办生日派对?“where”引导疑问句,对“举办派对”的地点提问)
7. How can I improve my English listening skills quickly?(我怎样才能快速提高英语听力?“how”引导疑问句,对“提高听力”的方式提问)
8. Why is she crying? Did something sad happen to her?(她为什么在哭?是不是发生了难过的事?“why”引导疑问句,对“哭”的原因提问)
9. When is the next meeting going to be held?(下次会议什么时候召开?“when”引导疑问句,对“召开会议”的时间提问)
10. How much time do you spend on reading every day?(你每天花多少时间阅读?“how much”(疑问副词短语)引导疑问句,对“花时间”的数量提问)
七、连接副词(Conjunctive Adverb):连接两个句子/分句,表“逻辑关系”(如转折、因果、递进)
规则:常见连接副词有however(然而,表转折)、therefore(因此,表因果)、besides(此外,表递进)、moreover(而且,表递进)、instead(反而,表替代)、otherwise(否则,表条件)等;需用逗号与前后句子隔开,连接两个独立分句时,前句末尾可用分号或句号。
1. He studied very hard; however, he still didn’t pass the exam.(他学习很努力,然而还是没通过考试。“however”连接两个分句,表转折关系,前用分号)
2. It rained heavily last night; therefore, the road is very wet this morning.(昨晚下了大雨,因此今天早上路面很湿。“therefore”连接两个分句,表因果关系,前用分号)
3. She is good at English; besides, she can speak French fluently.(她英语很好,此外还能流利地说法语。“besides”连接两个分句,表递进关系,前用分号)
4. The movie is very interesting; moreover, the acting of the main characters is excellent.(这部电影很有趣,而且主角的演技也很棒。“moreover”连接两个分句,表递进关系,前用分号)
5. He didn’t buy the expensive shirt; instead, he chose a cheaper one.(他没买那件贵衬衫,反而选了一件便宜的。“instead”连接两个分句,表替代关系,前用分号)
6. You should hurry up; otherwise, you will miss the last bus.(你得快点,否则会错过末班车。“otherwise”连接两个分句,表条件关系,前用分号)
7. She is tired after work. However, she still cooks dinner for her family.(她下班后很累,然而还是给家人做了晚饭。“however”连接两个句子,表转折,前用句号,后用逗号)
8. He forgot to bring his umbrella. Therefore, he got wet in the rain.(他忘了带伞,因此被雨淋湿了。“therefore”连接两个句子,表因果,前用句号,后用逗号)
9. Reading can broaden our horizons. Besides, it can also improve our vocabulary.(阅读能开阔视野,此外还能增加词汇量。“besides”连接两个句子,表递进,前用句号,后用逗号)
10. You shouldn’t eat too much sugar. Otherwise, it will be bad for your teeth.(你不该吃太多糖,否则对牙齿不好。“otherwise”连接两个句子,表条件,前用句号,后用逗号)
八、评论副词(Sentence Adverb):修饰整个句子,表“说话人的态度/评论”
规则:常见评论副词有luckily(幸运地)、unfortunately(不幸地)、happily(高兴地)、sadly(难过地)、surprisingly(令人惊讶地)、obviously(显然地)、certainly(当然地)等;通常位于句首,用逗号与句子隔开,也可位于句中或句末(强调语气)。
1. Luckily, I caught the last bus home; I almost missed it.(幸运的是,我赶上了回家的末班车,差点就错过了。“luckily”修饰整个句子,表“赶上末班车”是幸运的)
2. Unfortunately, he fell off his bike and hurt his leg yesterday.(不幸的是,他昨天骑自行车摔了下来,伤了腿。“unfortunately”修饰整个句子,表“摔下来”是不幸的)
3. Happily, all the children arrived home safely after the trip.(高兴的是,所有孩子旅行后都安全到家了。“happily”修饰整个句子,表“安全到家”是令人高兴的)
4. Sadly, the old tree in our neighborhood was cut down last week.(难过的是,我们小区里的那棵老树上周被砍了。“sadly”修饰整个句子,表“树被砍”是令人难过的)
5. Surprisingly, he won the first prize in the singing competition; no one expected it.(令人惊讶的是,他在歌唱比赛中得了第一名,没人预料到。“surprisingly”修饰整个句子,表“得第一”是令人惊讶的)
6. Obviously, she didn’t tell the truth; her story has many mistakes.(显然,她没说真话,她的说法有很多漏洞。“obviously”修饰整个句子,表“没说真话”是显而易见的)
7. Certainly, we will help you with your project; you don’t need to worry.(当然,我们会帮你做这个项目,你不用着急。“certainly”修饰整个句子,表“会帮忙”是确定的)
8. Hopefully, the weather will be good tomorrow for our picnic.(希望明天天气好,适合我们去野餐。“hopefully”修饰整个句子,表“天气好”是说话人的希望)
9. Strangely, he didn’t answer my call; he usually picks up quickly.(奇怪的是,他没接我的电话,他平时都会很快接的。“strangely”修饰整个句子,表“没接电话”是奇怪的)
10. Clearly, he has prepared well for the interview; he answered all questions smoothly.(很明显,他为面试做了充分准备,所有问题都回答得很流畅。“clearly”修饰整个句子,表“准备充分”是明显的)
九、副词的常见考点与避坑指南
1. 副词与形容词的区别:形容词修饰名词(*a quick* run),副词修饰动词/形容词/句子(run *quickly*,*very* quick),避免混淆(如“跑得快”是run fast,而非run fastly);
2. “-ly”副词的拼写:以“y”结尾的形容词变副词,需改“y”为“i”加“-ly”(如easy→easily),以“le”结尾的形容词变副词,去“e”加“-ly”(如simple→simply);
3. 频度副词的位置:牢记“be后实前,情助后”(如He is *often* late;He *often* walks to work;He can *often* help others);
4. 连接副词与并列连词的区别:连接副词(however)需用分号/句号连接句子,并列连词(but)直接连接分句(如He is tired, but he still works. 不可说He is tired, however he still works.)。
英语基础
- 陈一男基础英语研究
- 2023年广东中考英语试题
- 2024年广东中考英语试题
- 2025年广东中考英语试题(待续)
- 学习英语最有效的方法与学习路径
- 词法:名代形副动,数介连叹助
- 词法:名词
- 词法:代词
- 词法:冠词:a、an、the、零冠词
- 词法:形容词
- 词法:副词
- 词法:数词:基数、序数
- 词法:量词
- 词法:感叹词:What! Yes!
- 词法:连词: F、A、N、B、O、Y、S
- 词法:介词:位、时、方、手段、原因、目的
- 词法:易混淆介词:时间、地点、方式、关系
- 词法:动词
- 句法:非谓语动词:不定式、动名词、分词
- 短语:名短、动短、形短、副短、介短
- 构词法:英语中创造新单词的规则和方法
- 前缀 + 词根:仅改词义,不改词性
- 词根 + 后缀:改变词性,可微调词义
- 合成法:A+B
- 转化法:单词不改变形式,直接变词性
- 缩略法:缩短原词构成新词
- 构词法:名词后缀
- 单词记忆:语言学习的基础
- [1]一般现在时 do/does
- [2]一般过去时 did
- [3]一般将来时 will + 动原
- [4]一般过去将来时 would + 动原
- [1]现在进行时 be(am/is/are) + 现分
- [2]过去进行时 was/were + 现分
- [3]将来进行时 will be + 现分
- [4]过去将来进行时 would be + 现分
- [1]现在完成时 have/has + 过分
- [2]过去完成时 had + 过分
- [3]将来完成时 will have + 过分
- [4]过去将来完成时 would have + 过分
- [1]现在完成进行时 have/has been+现分
- [2]过去完成进行时 had been+现分
- [3]将来完成进行时 will have been+现分
- [4]过去将来完成进行时 would have been+现分
- 语态:主动语态、被动语态
- 句子结构:核心是“主谓关系”
- 句法:存在句 There be 句型
- 句法:拥有句 have/has 句型
- [1]主语:句子所叙述的主体
- [2]谓语:陈述主语的动作、状态或特征
- [3]宾语:动作的目标 或 关联的对象
- [4]定语:回答关于中心词的疑问
- [5]状语:回答关于句子成分的疑问
- [6]补语:对主语或宾语进行补充定性
- [7]表语:必须搭配系动词
- [8]同位语:给本位语贴标签、做注释
- 主谓一致:主语和谓语在人称和数保持一致
- 句子的分类:按结构分类、按功能分类
- 直接引语 和 间接引语
- [1]句法:名词性从句:主语从句
- [2]句法:名词性从句:宾语从句
- [3]句法:名词性从句:表语从句
- [4]句法:名词性从句:同位语从句
- 句法:定语从句:7W + 1T
- [1]时间状语从句:when、while、as
- [2]地点状语从句:where、wherever
- [3]原因状语从句:because、since、as
- [4]条件状语从句:if、unless、as long as
- [5]目的状语从句:so that、in order that
- [6]结果状语从句:so...that、such...that
- [7]让步状语从句:although/though、while
- [8]方式状语从句:as、as if/as though
- [9]比较状语从句:as...as
- 强调句、倒装句、省略句、虚拟语气句
- 虚拟语气:表达非真实情况的语法结构
- 积累:意思相近的单词
- 积累:be
- 积累:do
- 积累:to
- 积累:no
- 积累:not
- 积累:none
- 积累:nothing
- 积累:good
- 积累:well
- 积累:also
- 积累:get
- 积累:have
- 积累:if
- 积累:whether
- 积累:but
- 积累:or
- 积累:of
- 积累:talk
- 积累:take
- 积累:with
- 积累:by
- 积累:for
- 积累:the
- 积累:than
- 积累:then
- 积累:that
- 积累:this
- 积累:as
- 积累:so
- 积累:such
- 积累:which
- 积累:while
- 积累:where
- 积累:when
- 积累:what
- 积累:how
- 积累:who
- 积累:whom
- 积累:whose
- 积累:many
- 积累:much
- 积累:too
- 积累:very
- 积累:some
- 积累:any
- 积累:few
- 积累:little
- 积累:each
- 积累:every
- 积累:other
- 积累:others
- 积累:another
- 积累:time
- 积累:day
- 积累:before 与 ago
- 积累:in
- 积累:on
- 积累:at
- 听力[A1-01]:Family(家庭)
- 听力[A1-02]:Food(食物)
- 听力[A1-03]:Weather(天气)
- 听力[A1-04]:Supermarket(超市)
- 听力[A1-05]:Transportation(交通工具)
- 听力[A1-06]:Restaurants(餐厅)
- 听力[A1-07]:Weekend plans(周末计划)
- 听力[A1-08]:Pets(宠物)
- 听力[A1-09]:Animals(动物)
- 听力[A1-10]:School life(校园生活)
- 听力[A1-11]:Favorite place(最喜欢的地方)
- 听力[A1-12]:Directions(指路)
- 听力[A1-13]:Music(音乐)
- 听力[A1-14]:Daily Technology Products(日常科技产品)
- 听力[A1-15]:Social Activities(社交活动)
- 听力[A1-16]:Daily Problems(日常问题)
- 听力[A1-17]:Celebrations(庆祝活动)
- 听力[A1-18]:Seasonal Fruits(应季水果)
- 听力[A1-19]:Meeting new people(结识新朋友)
- 听力[A1-20]:Friends(朋友)
- 听力[A1-21]:Stay Guide(住宿指南)
- 听力[A1-22]:Parks(公园)
