词法:动词

一、动词第三人称单数变化规则(仅用于一般现在时,主语为“第三人称单数”

当主语是 he/she/it/单数名词/不可数名词 时,谓语动词需变为“第三人称单数形式”,规则如下(共5类):

1. 一般情况:直接加 -s

示例:work→works(工作)、play→plays(玩)、read→reads(读)、eat→eats(吃)、look→looks(看)

发音规则:清辅音(如 /k/, /p/, /t/)后读 /s/(works /wɜːrks/);浊辅音(如 /v/, /z/, /d/)或元音后读 /z/(plays /pleɪz/)。

2. 以“s, x, ch, sh, o”结尾的动词:加 -es

原因:这类词尾发音为 /s/, /z/, /tʃ/, /ʃ/, /əʊ/,加 -es 可避免发音混淆,同时补充 /ɪz/ 音节。

示例:

s结尾:pass→passes(通过)、miss→misses(错过)

x结尾:fix→fixes(修理)、mix→mixes(混合)

ch结尾:teach→teaches(教)、watch→watches(观看)

sh结尾:wash→washes(洗)、finish→finishes(完成)

o结尾:do→does(做)、go→goes(去)、potato→potatoes(土豆,注意:o结尾的名词变复数也加 -es,动词同理)

发音规则:均读 /ɪz/(teaches /ˈtiːtʃɪz/)。

3. 以“辅音字母 + y”结尾的动词:变 y 为 i,再加 -es

注意:若“y前是元音字母(a/e/i/o/u)”,则直接加 -s(见例外)。

示例:study→studies(学习)、carry→carries(携带)、try→tries(尝试)、fly→flies(飞)

发音规则:读 /ɪz/(studies /ˈstʌdiz/)。

4. 以“重读闭音节”结尾,且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词:双写末尾辅音字母,再加 -s

条件:“重读闭音节”= 单词重音在最后一个音节 + 末尾结构为“辅音+元音+辅音”(辅元辅)。

示例:run→runs(跑)、stop→stops(停止)、swim→swims(游泳)、plan→plans(计划)

发音规则:双写后的辅音字母仍读原音,整体按“一般情况”发音(stops /stɒps/,读 /s/)。

5. 例外情况(特殊记忆)

少数动词不按规则变化,需单独记忆:have→has(有)、be→is(是)。

二、动词过去式/过去分词变化规则(用于一般过去时、现在完成时、被动语态等)

动词的“过去式”(did)用于一般过去时,“过去分词”(done)用于现在完成时(have/has done)、过去完成时(had done)或被动语态(be done)。绝大多数动词按“规则变化”,少数为“不规则变化”。

(一)规则变化(共4类,过去式与过去分词形式相同)

规则变化的核心是“在动词原形后加 -ed”,具体根据词尾调整:

1. 一般情况:直接加 -ed

示例:walk→walked(走)、talk→talked(谈论)、look→looked(看)、help→helped(帮助)、play→played(玩)

发音规则:

清辅音(如 /k/, /p/, /t/)后读 /t/(worked /wɜːrkt/);

浊辅音(如 /v/, /z/, /d/)或元音后读 /d/(played /pleɪd/);

/t/, /d/ 结尾的动词后读 /ɪd/(wanted /ˈwɒntɪd/)。

2. 以“不发音的 e”结尾的动词:直接加 -d

原因:词尾“e”不发音,加 -d 即可构成过去式/过去分词,避免重复音节。

示例:live→lived(居住)、like→liked(喜欢)、use→used(使用)、dance→danced(跳舞)、close→closed(关闭)

发音规则:读 /d/(lived /lɪvd/)。

3. 以“辅音字母 + y”结尾的动词:变 y 为 i,再加 -ed

注意:若“y前是元音字母”,则直接加 -ed(见例外)。

示例:study→studied(学习)、carry→carried(携带)、cry→cried(哭)、try→tried(尝试)

发音规则:读 /ɪd/(studied /ˈstʌdid/)。

4. 以“重读闭音节”结尾,且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词:双写末尾辅音字母,再加 -ed

条件:同“第三人称单数变化”,需满足“重读闭音节+末尾单辅音”,双写后保持原词重音和发音结构。

示例:stop→stopped(停止)、plan→planned(计划)、drop→dropped(掉落)、shop→shopped(购物)、fit→fitted(适合)

发音规则:双写后的辅音字母不改变发音,按“一般情况”读(stopped /stɒpt/,读 /t/)。

规则变化的例外(2个)

以“ie”结尾的动词:变 ie 为 y,再加 -d(属规则延伸,需记忆):die→died(死)、lie→lied(说谎,注意:lie表“躺”时为不规则变化,见下文)。

(二)不规则变化(需单独记忆,过去式与过去分词可能相同或不同)

不规则变化的动词源于古英语残留,无固定规则,核心高频词可按“过去式/过去分词是否相同”分为3类,覆盖日常交流90%以上场景:

1. 过去式 = 过去分词(A-B-B型)

示例:

常用词:cut→cut→cut(切)、put→put→put(放)、hit→hit→hit(打)、set→set→set(设置)、let→let→let(让)、read→read→read(读,发音变化:原形 /riːd/,过去式/过去分词 /red/)

中频词:meet→met→met(遇见)、keep→kept→kept(保持)、sleep→slept→slept(睡)、feel→felt→felt(感觉)、leave→left→left(离开)

2. 过去式 ≠ 过去分词(A-B-C型)

这类词需分别记忆原形、过去式、过去分词,是不规则变化的核心难点:

示例:

常用词:eat→ate→eaten(吃)、drink→drank→drunk(喝)、take→took→taken(拿)、give→gave→given(给)、see→saw→seen(看见)、go→went→gone(去)、do→did→done(做)

中频词:break→broke→broken(打破)、speak→spoke→spoken(说)、write→wrote→written(写)、drive→drove→driven(驾驶)、ride→rode→ridden(骑)

3. 原形 = 过去式 = 过去分词(A-A-A型)

这类词无形式变化,仅通过时态或语境判断,数量较少:

示例:cost→cost→cost(花费)、hurt→hurt→hurt(伤害)、shut→shut→shut(关闭)、spread→spread→spread(传播)、broadcast→broadcast→broadcast(广播)

三、动词现在分词变化规则(用于进行时:现在进行时 be doing / 过去进行时 was/were doing)

现在分词由“动词原形 + -ing”构成,规则如下,与“过去式/过去分词”变化逻辑类似:

1. 一般情况:直接加 -ing

示例:work→working(工作)、play→playing(玩)、read→reading(读)、sing→singing(唱歌)

2. 以“不发音的 e”结尾的动词:去 e 加 -ing

示例:live→living(居住)、like→liking(喜欢)、dance→dancing(跳舞)、write→writing(写)

例外:以“ee”结尾的动词(e发音),直接加 -ing:see→seeing(看见)、agree→agreeing(同意)。

3. 以“重读闭音节”结尾,且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词:双写末尾辅音字母,再加 -ing

示例:stop→stopping(停止)、run→running(跑)、swim→swimming(游泳)、shop→shopping(购物)、begin→beginning(开始)

4. 以“ie”结尾的动词:变 ie 为 y,再加 -ing

示例:die→dying(垂死)、lie→lying(躺/说谎)、tie→tying(系)

四、核心总结:动词变化“优先级”记忆法

1. 先记规则,再记例外:90%的动词遵循“加 -s/-ed/-ing”规则,优先掌握规则变化的5类情况(第三人称单数)、4类情况(过去式/过去分词);

2. 不规则词“高频优先”:重点记忆A-B-C型(如 go-went-gone, do-did-done)和常用A-B-B型(如 meet-met-met),生僻词可随学随记;

3. 结合时态记忆:不要孤立记“变化形式”,而是结合时态(如“一般现在时第三人称单数用 -s”“一般过去时用过去式”),通过句子练习巩固(例:He works every day. / He worked yesterday.)。

动词(Verb)是英语句子的“核心引擎”,负责表示动作、状态、发生或存在,是构成谓语的关键成分(没有动词,就无法表达完整的语义)。根据功能和特征,动词可分为多个类别,每类在句子中承担不同角色。

一、按功能划分:谓语动词与非谓语动词

动词的首要分类是“能否直接作谓语”,这是区分句子核心成分与辅助成分的关键。

【一】谓语动词(Finite Verb):能独立作谓语,受主语人称/数、时态限制

谓语动词是句子的“核心动作”,必须与主语在人称、数上保持一致(如主语是第三人称单数,一般现在时的动词需加“-s/-es”),且会随时态变化(如do→does→did)。

1. She sings very well in the school choir.(她在学校合唱团里唱歌非常好听。“sings”是谓语动词,主语“she”是第三人称单数,一般现在时加“-s”,直接作谓语)

2. They played basketball on the playground yesterday afternoon.(他们昨天下午在操场打篮球。“played”是谓语动词,随时态“一般过去时”变化为过去式,作谓语)

3. My mother cooks delicious dinner for our family every evening.(我妈妈每天晚上给家人做美味的晚餐。“cooks”是谓语动词,主语“my mother”是第三人称单数,一般现在时加“-s”)

4. The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.(太阳从东方升起,西方落下。“rises”和“sets”均为谓语动词,第三人称单数形式,描述客观事实)

5. We will visit our grandparents during the Spring Festival next year.(明年春节我们会去看望祖父母。“will visit”是谓语动词,“will+动词原形”构成一般将来时,作谓语)

6. He is reading a novel about history right now.(他此刻正在读一本关于历史的小说。“is reading”是谓语动词,“be+现在分词”构成现在进行时,表正在进行的动作)

7. The little girl drew a beautiful cat on the paper just now.(小女孩刚才在纸上画了一只漂亮的猫。“drew”是谓语动词,“draw”的过去式,表过去发生的动作)

8. These flowers need to be watered every two days.(这些花需要每两天浇一次水。“need”是谓语动词,主语“these flowers”是复数,一般现在时用原形)

9. My brother has learned English for five years.(我弟弟已经学了五年英语了。“has learned”是谓语动词,“have+过去分词”构成现在完成时,表动作持续到现在)

10. It rains a lot in this city during the summer months.(这座城市在夏季的几个月里经常下雨。“rains”是谓语动词,主语“it”是第三人称单数,一般现在时加“-s”,描述常态)

【二】非谓语动词(Non-Finite Verb):不能独立作谓语,不受主语限制

非谓语动词是“动词的变形”,仅作句子的辅助成分(如主语、宾语、定语、状语等),形式固定(不随主语人称/数、时态变化),主要包括不定式(to do)、动名词(doing)、现在分词(doing)、过去分词(done) 四类。

(1)不定式(to + 动词原形,可表目的、将来、未完成)

1. She wants to learn how to play the piano.(她想学怎么弹钢琴。“to learn”是不定式,作谓语动词“wants”的宾语)

2. We need to buy some vegetables for tonight’s dinner.(我们需要买些蔬菜做今晚的晚饭。“to buy”是不定式,作谓语动词“need”的宾语)

3. He got up early to catch the first bus to the city center.(他早起是为了赶上去市中心的第一班公交车。“to catch”是不定式,作目的状语,表“早起的目的”)

4. It is important to protect the environment around us.(保护我们周围的环境很重要。“to protect”是不定式,作句子的真正主语,“it”是形式主语)

5. My teacher asked me to finish the homework before Friday.(老师让我周五前完成作业。“to finish”是不定式,作宾语补足语,补充说明“asked me”的具体内容)

6. There are many ways to improve your spoken English.(有很多提高英语口语的方法。“to improve”是不定式,作定语,修饰名词“ways”)

7. She was happy to receive a birthday gift from her best friend.(收到最好朋友的生日礼物,她很开心。“to receive”是不定式,作原因状语,表“开心的原因”)

8. I plan to travel to Japan with my family next year.(我计划明年和家人去日本旅行。“to travel”是不定式,作谓语动词“plan”的宾语)

9. The children are excited to go to the amusement park this weekend.(孩子们对这周末去游乐园感到很兴奋。“to go”是不定式,作原因状语,表“兴奋的原因”)

10. He decided to quit his job and start his own business.(他决定辞职,自己创业。“to quit”是不定式,作谓语动词“decided”的宾语)

(2)动名词(动词+ing,相当于名词,表“动作本身”)

1. Reading is one of my favorite hobbies in my free time.(阅读是我空闲时最喜欢的爱好之一。“Reading”是动名词,作句子的主语,相当于名词)

2. She enjoys listening to classical music while studying.(她学习时喜欢听古典音乐。“listening”是动名词,作谓语动词“enjoys”的宾语)

3. Swimming in the sea is a popular activity during summer.(在海里游泳是夏天很受欢迎的活动。“Swimming”是动名词,作句子的主语)

4. He is good at playing basketball; he was once the team captain.(他擅长打篮球,曾经是球队队长。“playing”是动名词,作介词“at”的宾语)

5. Cooking for my family makes me feel very happy.(给家人做饭让我感到很幸福。“Cooking”是动名词,作句子的主语)

6. They are interested in learning about different cultures around the world.(他们对了解世界各地的不同文化感兴趣。“learning”是动名词,作介词“in”的宾语)

7. My father suggested going to the cinema to watch the new movie.(我爸爸建议去电影院看那部新电影。“going”是动名词,作谓语动词“suggested”的宾语)

8. Running every morning helps improve his physical health.(每天早上跑步有助于改善他的身体健康。“Running”是动名词,作句子的主语)

9. She avoids eating too much sugar to keep her teeth healthy.(她避免吃太多糖,以保持牙齿健康。“eating”是动名词,作谓语动词“avoids”的宾语)

10. Taking photos of beautiful scenery is a way to record memories.(拍美景照片是记录回忆的一种方式。“Taking”是动名词,作句子的主语)

(3)现在分词(动词+ing,表“主动、进行”,作定语/状语/补语)

1. The girl singing on the stage is my younger sister.(在舞台上唱歌的女孩是我妹妹。“singing”是现在分词,作定语,修饰“the girl”,表“主动唱歌”)

2. We walked along the street, talking about our school life.(我们沿着街道走,聊着我们的校园生活。“talking”是现在分词,作伴随状语,表“走路时同时聊天”)

3. I heard someone knocking at the door when I was watching TV.(我看电视时听到有人在敲门。“knocking”是现在分词,作宾语补足语,表“正在敲门”)

4. The children are playing in the park, laughing and shouting happily.(孩子们在公园里玩,开心地笑着、叫着。“laughing”“shouting”是现在分词,作伴随状语)

5. The book lying on the desk is the one I borrowed from the library.(放在桌子上的那本书是我从图书馆借的。“lying”是现在分词,作定语,修饰“the book”,表“主动放置”)

6. She stood by the window, watching the rain fall outside.(她站在窗边,看着外面下雨。“watching”是现在分词,作伴随状语,表“站着时同时看雨”)

7. The teacher found a student sleeping in class and woke him up.(老师发现一个学生在课堂上睡觉,把他叫醒了。“sleeping”是现在分词,作宾语补足语,表“正在睡觉”)

8. The wind blew strongly, carrying leaves all over the yard.(风刮得很大,把树叶吹得满院子都是。“carrying”是现在分词,作结果状语,表“风吹的结果”)

9. The woman waiting at the bus stop looks very anxious.(在公交站等车的女人看起来很着急。“waiting”是现在分词,作定语,修饰“the woman”,表“主动等车”)

10. He sat on the sofa, reading a newspaper quietly.(他坐在沙发上,安静地看报纸。“reading”是现在分词,作伴随状语,表“坐着时同时看报”)

(4)过去分词(动词-ed/done,表“被动、完成”,作定语/状语/补语)

1. The letter written by my grandmother was kept in a wooden box.(我奶奶写的那封信被保存在一个木盒子里。“written”是过去分词,作定语,修饰“the letter”,表“被写”)

2. Surprised by the sudden news, she couldn’t say a word.(被这个突发消息吓到,她说不出话来。“Surprised”是过去分词,作原因状语,表“被惊吓的原因”)

3. We need to fix the chair broken in yesterday’s accident.(我们需要修理在昨天事故中弄坏的那把椅子。“broken”是过去分词,作定语,修饰“the chair”,表“被弄坏”)

4. The room was left untidy after the party; we need to clean it.(派对后房间被弄得很乱,我们需要打扫。“untidy”是过去分词化的形容词,作宾语补足语,表“被弄得乱”)

5. The book translated into 10 languages has sold millions of copies.(这本被翻译成10种语言的书已经卖出了数百万册。“translated”是过去分词,作定语,修饰“the book”,表“被翻译”)

6. Tired from a long day’s work, he fell asleep as soon as he got home.(工作了一整天很累,他一回家就睡着了。“Tired”是过去分词化的形容词,作原因状语,表“累的原因”)

7. The problem discussed in the meeting yesterday hasn’t been solved yet.(昨天会议上讨论过的问题还没有解决。“discussed”是过去分词,作定语,修饰“the problem”,表“被讨论”)

8. She found her bag stolen when she came back to the café.(她回到咖啡馆时,发现包被偷了。“stolen”是过去分词,作宾语补足语,表“被偷”)

9. The walls painted blue make the room look brighter.(被刷成蓝色的墙让房间看起来更明亮。“painted”是过去分词,作定语,修饰“the walls”,表“被刷”)

10. Encouraged by her teacher’s words, she decided to try again.(被老师的话鼓励,她决定再试一次。“Encouraged”是过去分词,作原因状语,表“被鼓励的原因”)

二、按意义划分:实义动词、系动词、助动词、情态动词

除了“能否作谓语”,动词还可按“表达的意义”分类,这直接决定了它们在句子中的功能(如构成“主系表”结构、辅助构成时态/语态等)。

(1)实义动词(Main Verb):有具体动作或意义,可独立作谓语

实义动词是最常见的动词类型,能表达“具体动作”(如run, eat)或“抽象意义”(如like, think),分为“及物动词”(需接宾语,如eat→eat an apple)和“不及物动词”(无需接宾语,如run→He runs fast)。

1. He eats an apple every morning to keep healthy.(他每天早上吃一个苹果保持健康。“eats”是及物实义动词,接宾语“an apple”,表具体动作)

2. They run around the park for 30 minutes every evening.(他们每天晚上在公园周围跑30分钟。“run”是不及物实义动词,不接宾语,表具体动作)

3. She likes reading science fiction books in her free time.(她空闲时喜欢读科幻小说。“likes”是及物实义动词,接宾语“reading...”,表抽象喜好)

4. The sun shines brightly in the sky on a clear day.(晴天时,太阳在天空中明亮地照耀。“shines”是不及物实义动词,不接宾语,表自然现象)

5. We visited the Great Wall during our trip to Beijing last year.(去年去北京旅行时,我们参观了长城。“visited”是及物实义动词,接宾语“the Great Wall”,表具体动作)

6. He thinks it is important to respect others.(他认为尊重他人很重要。“thinks”是及物实义动词,接宾语从句“it is important...”,表抽象思考)

7. The river flows through the center of the city.(这条河穿过市中心。“flows”是不及物实义动词,不接宾语,表自然动作)

8. She cooked a delicious meal for her family last night.(昨晚她给家人做了一顿美味的饭。“cooked”是及物实义动词,接宾语“a delicious meal”,表具体动作)

9. They talked about their future plans for a long time.(他们聊了很久关于未来的计划。“talked”是不及物实义动词,需加介词“about”接宾语“their future plans”)

10. He works as a doctor in a hospital downtown.(他在市中心的一家医院当医生。“works”是不及物实义动词,表抽象职业动作,不接宾语)

(2)系动词(Linking Verb):无实际动作,连接主语与表语(构成“主系表”)

系动词本身无具体动作,仅起“连接”作用,将主语与表语(形容词、名词、介词短语等)联系起来,说明主语的“性质、特征、身份或状态”。常见系动词有:be(am/is/are/was/were)、感官动词(look/sound/taste/smell/feel)、变化类动词(become/get/turn/grow)、状态类动词(keep/remain/stay)。

1. She is a teacher in a primary school.(她是一所小学的老师。“is”是系动词,连接主语“she”与表语“a teacher”,表身份)

2. The flowers look very beautiful in the garden.(花园里的花看起来很漂亮。“look”是感官系动词,连接主语“the flowers”与表语“beautiful”,表视觉特征)

3. The milk tastes sour; it must have gone bad.(这牛奶尝起来酸了,一定是坏了。“tastes”是感官系动词,连接主语“the milk”与表语“sour”,表味觉特征)

4. He became a famous writer after publishing his first novel.(出版第一本小说后,他成了一名著名作家。“became”是变化类系动词,连接主语“he”与表语“a famous writer”,表身份变化)

5. The weather gets colder as winter comes.(冬天来了,天气变得更冷了。“gets”是变化类系动词,连接主语“the weather”与表语“colder”,表状态变化)

6. The music sounds soft and peaceful.(这段音乐听起来柔和又平静。“sounds”是感官系动词,连接主语“the music”与表语“soft and peaceful”,表听觉特征)

7. The room remains clean and tidy because she cleans it every day.(这个房间保持干净整洁,因为她每天都打扫。“remains”是状态类系动词,连接主语“the room”与表语“clean and tidy”,表持续状态)

8. The leaves turn yellow in autumn.(树叶在秋天变黄。“turn”是变化类系动词,连接主语“the leaves”与表语“yellow”,表颜色变化)

9. This cloth feels smooth and comfortable.(这块布摸起来光滑又舒服。“feels”是感官系动词,连接主语“this cloth”与表语“smooth and comfortable”,表触觉特征)

10. He stayed quiet during the meeting to listen carefully.(会议期间他保持安静,以便认真倾听。“stayed”是状态类系动词,连接主语“he”与表语“quiet”,表持续状态)

(3)助动词(Auxiliary Verb):无实际意义,辅助实义动词构成时态/语态/否定/疑问

助动词本身不能独立作谓语,需与“实义动词”搭配使用,帮助构成“时态”(如do/does/did辅助一般现在时/过去时)、“语态”(如be辅助被动语态)、“否定句”(如don’t/doesn’t/didn’t)或“疑问句”(如Do you...?)。常见助动词:be(am/is/are/was/were)、do/does/did、have/has/had、will/would、shall/should。

1. Do you usually get up early on weekdays?(你工作日通常早起吗?“Do”是助动词,无实义,辅助实义动词“get up”构成一般现在时的疑问句)

2. He doesn’t like eating spicy food because his stomach is weak.(他不喜欢吃辣的食物,因为他的胃不好。“doesn’t”是助动词,辅助实义动词“like”构成一般现在时的否定句)

3. They are watching a movie in the cinema now.(他们此刻正在电影院看电影。“are”是助动词,辅助实义动词“watch”的现在分词“watching”构成现在进行时)

4. She has lived in this city for more than 10 years.(她在这座城市住了10多年了。“has”是助动词,辅助实义动词“live”的过去分词“lived”构成现在完成时)

5. The letter was written by my father yesterday.(这封信是我爸爸昨天写的。“was”是助动词,辅助实义动词“write”的过去分词“written”构成一般过去时的被动语态)

6. Did you finish your homework before going to bed last night?(你昨晚睡觉前完成作业了吗?“Did”是助动词,辅助实义动词“finish”构成一般过去时的疑问句)

7. We will have a picnic in the park if the weather is good tomorrow.(如果明天天气好,我们会去公园野餐。“will”是助动词,辅助实义动词“have”构成一般将来时)

8. The problem has been solved by the team after two hours of discussion.(经过两个小时的讨论,这个问题被团队解决了。“has been”是助动词,辅助实义动词“solve”的过去分词“solved”构成现在完成时的被动语态)

9. He didn’t go to school yesterday because he was ill.(他昨天没去上学,因为他生病了。“didn’t”是助动词,辅助实义动词“go”构成一般过去时的否定句)

10. They were playing basketball when it started to rain.(开始下雨时,他们正在打篮球。“were”是助动词,辅助实义动词“play”的现在分词“playing”构成过去进行时)

(4)情态动词(Modal Verb):表“语气/态度”(如能力、许可、推测、义务),后接动词原形

情态动词无实际动作,后接“动词原形”,表达说话人的“语气”(如“能/不能”“可以/不可以”“必须/不必”),本身有人称变化(如can→could,will→would),但无单复数变化(如“他能”是He can,而非He cans)。常见情态动词:can/could、may/might、must、should、will/would、shall/should、need、dare。

1. She can speak three languages: English, French and Chinese.(她会说三种语言:英语、法语和中文。“can”表“能力”,后接动词原形“speak”)

2. May I borrow your pen for a moment? I forgot to bring mine.(我可以借你的笔用一下吗?我忘了带我的了。“may”表“许可”,用于请求允许,后接动词原形“borrow”)

3. You must finish your homework before watching TV.(你必须完成作业才能看电视。“must”表“义务/命令”,后接动词原形“finish”)

4. It might rain this afternoon; you’d better take an umbrella.(今天下午可能会下雨,你最好带把伞。“might”表“推测”,语气较弱,后接动词原形“rain”)

5. He could swim very well when he was a child.(他小时候游泳能游得很好。“could”是“can”的过去式,表“过去的能力”,后接动词原形“swim”)

6. You should listen to your parents’ advice; they have more experience.(你应该听父母的建议,他们有更多经验。“should”表“建议”,后接动词原形“listen”)

7. Will you help me carry this heavy box to the car?(你愿意帮我把这个重箱子搬到车上吗?“will”表“意愿”,用于请求帮助,后接动词原形“help”)

8. They must be at home now because their lights are on.(他们现在一定在家,因为他们的灯亮着。“must”表“肯定推测”,后接动词原形“be”)

9. You needn’t worry about the exam; you have prepared well.(你不必担心考试,你已经准备得很好了。“needn’t”表“不必”,后接动词原形“worry”)

10. She would often go for a walk in the park after dinner when she lived here.(她住在这里时,晚饭后常常去公园散步。“would”表“过去习惯性动作”,后接动词原形“go”)

英语基础