句子:谓语是什么?

1. 谓语的定义

谓语是句子的重要组成部分,它说明主语的动作、状态或特征。简单来说,谓语是对主语进行叙述的部分,通常紧跟在主语之后。

2. 谓语构成成分

简单谓语:由一个动词或动词短语构成。

例如:I run every morning.(run就是谓语,表示主语I的动作)

再如:She loves reading.(loves reading是谓语,其中loves是主要动词,reading是动名词作宾语,整体说明主语She的喜好这个动作)

复合谓语(1)情态动词 + 动词原形

例如:He can speak English.(can speak是复合谓语,can是情态动词,表示能力,speak是动词原形,说明主语He有说英语的能力)

复合谓语(2)助动词 + 动词原形或分词

在进行时态中,如:She is reading a book.(is reading是复合谓语,is是助动词,reading是现在分词,说明主语She正在进行的动作)

在完成时态中,例如:They have finished their work.(have finished是复合谓语,have是助动词,finished是过去分词,表明主语They已经完成的动作)

3. 谓语与主语的关系

谓语的形式和意义与主语密切相关。

主语的人称和数会影响谓语动词的形式

I am a student.(主语是第一人称单数,谓语用am)

He is a student.(主语是第三人称单数,谓语用is)

They are students.(主语是第三人称复数,谓语用are)

当主语是不可数名词时,谓语动词一般用单数形式

Water freezes at 0 degrees Celsius.(freezes是谓语,因为主语Water是不可数名词,所以谓语用单数形式)

各种谓语的例子:

1. 简单谓语(一个动词)

I play football every weekend.(我每个周末踢足球。)

She sings beautifully.(她唱歌很好听。)

He runs fast.(他跑得很快。)

The dog barks loudly.(狗大声地叫。)

The sun rises in the east.(太阳从东方升起。)

The baby sleeps soundly.(婴儿睡得很香。)

We study hard.(我们努力学习。)

They laugh happily.(他们开心地笑。)

The bird flies high.(鸟飞得很高。)

The fish swims freely.(鱼自由地游。)

2. 简单谓语(动词短语)

I look forward to your reply.(我期待你的回复。)

She takes care of her little brother.(她照顾她的小弟弟。)

He makes up his mind to study abroad.(他下定决心出国留学。)

The students pay attention to the teacher.(学生们注意听老师讲。)

She gets on well with her classmates.(她和她的同学相处得很好。)

He gives up smoking.(他戒烟了。)

The boy grows up quickly.(这个男孩长得很快。)

We catch up with the latest news.(我们了解最新的新闻。)

They break into laughter.(他们突然大笑起来。)

The man runs out of money.(这个男人把钱花光了。)

3. 复合谓语(情态动词 + 动词原形)

I can speak three languages.(我会说三种语言。)

She may come to the party.(她可能会来参加聚会。)

He must finish his homework first.(他必须先完成他的作业。)

The students should respect their teachers.(学生们应该尊重他们的老师。)

You could help me with this problem.(你可以帮我解决这个问题。)

We would like to go for a walk.(我们想去散步。)

They might win the game.(他们可能会赢得比赛。)

She ought to tell the truth.(她应该说实话。)

He needn't worry about it.(他不必为此担心。)

The boy will play the piano tomorrow.(这个男孩明天将弹钢琴。)

4. 复合谓语(助动词 + 动词原形或分词) 进行时态

I am reading a novel now.(我现在正在读一本小说。)

She is writing a letter at the moment.(她此刻正在写信。)

He is watching TV in the living room.(他正在客厅看电视。)

The workers are building a house.(工人们正在建一所房子。)

The students are discussing a question.(学生们正在讨论一个问题。)

We are playing basketball on the playground.(我们正在操场上打篮球。)

They are cooking dinner in the kitchen.(他们正在厨房做晚餐。)

The girl is dancing in the hall.(这个女孩正在大厅跳舞。)

The bird is singing on the tree.(鸟正在树上唱歌。)

The baby is crying in the cradle.(婴儿正在摇篮里哭。)

5. 复合谓语(助动词 + 动词原形或分词) 完成时态

I have finished my work already.(我已经完成我的工作了。)

She has visited Paris twice.(她已经去过巴黎两次了。)

He has learned English for five years.(他已经学了五年英语了。)

The students have passed the exam.(学生们已经通过了考试。)

We have seen that movie before.(我们以前看过那部电影。)

They have built a new school in the village.(他们已经在村里建了一所新学校。)

She has written a book about her life.(她已经写了一本关于她生活的书。)

He has lost his keys on the way home.(他在回家的路上把钥匙丢了。)

The team has won the championship three times.(这个队已经三次获得冠军。)

The company has made great progress this year.(公司今年已经取得了很大的进步。)

英语基础