副词性从句:状语从句
1. 定义
状语从句是一种从句,在复合句中作状语,用于修饰主句中的动词、形容词、副词或整个主句,说明时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、结果、让步、方式等。
2. 分类及用法
(1)时间状语从句
引导词:
when(当……时候)、while(在……期间)、as(当……;一边……一边……)、
after(在……之后)、before(在……之前)、since(自从)、until/till(直到)等。
例句:
When I got home, my mother was cooking.(当我到家的时候,我妈妈正在做饭。)
While I was reading, my sister was watching TV.(我读书的时候,我妹妹在看电视。)
As we walked, we talked.(我们一边走一边聊天。)
After I finished my homework, I went to bed.(我完成作业后,就上床睡觉了。)
Before you leave, make sure to turn off the lights.(你离开之前,一定要关灯。)
Since I came to this school, I have made many friends.(自从我来到这所学校,我交了很多朋友。)
He didn't leave until/till his mother came back.(直到他妈妈回来他才离开。)
(2)地点状语从句
引导词:where(在……地方)、wherever(无论在哪里)。
Where there is a will, there is a way.(有志者,事竟成。)
You can sit wherever you like.(你可以坐在你喜欢的任何地方。)
(3)原因状语从句
引导词:because(因为)、since(既然)、as(由于)。
I didn't go to school because I was ill.(我没去上学,因为我生病了。)
Since you are here, you can help me.(既然你在这儿,你可以帮我。)
As it was raining heavily, we had to stay at home.(由于雨下得很大,我们不得不待在家里。)
(4)条件状语从句
引导词:if(如果)、unless(除非)、as long as(只要)等。
If it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home.(如果明天下雨,我们就待在家里。)
Unless you work hard, you won't pass the exam.(除非你努力学习,否则你不会通过考试。)
As long as you keep trying, you will succeed.(只要你不断尝试,你就会成功。)
(5)目的状语从句
引导词:so that(以便)、in order that(为了)。
He got up early so that he could catch the first bus.(他早起是为了能赶上第一班公共汽车。)
She studied hard in order that she could enter a good university.(她努力学习是为了能进入一所好大学。)
(6)结果状语从句
引导词:so...that(如此……以至于)、such...that(如此……以至于)。
He ran so fast that he won the race.(他跑得如此快,以至于他赢得了比赛。)
It was such a beautiful day that we decided to go for a picnic.(天气如此好,我们决定去野餐。)
(7)让步状语从句
引导词:although/though(虽然)、even if/even though(即使)。
Although/Though it was raining heavily, he still went to school on time.(虽然雨下得很大,他仍然按时去上学。)
Even if/Even though he is rich, he is not happy.(即使他很富有,他也不快乐。)
(8)方式状语从句
引导词:as(像;按照)、as if/as though(好像)。
You should do as I told you.(你应该按照我告诉你的去做。)
He talks as if/as though he knew everything.(他说话的样子好像他什么都知道。)
3. 注意事项
时态问题:在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中,当主句是一般将来时,从句通常用一般现在时来表示将来。
If it rains tomorrow, we'll stay at home.(如果明天下雨,我们就待在家里。)
主从句的逻辑关系:要根据表达的语义准确选择引导词,不同的引导词体现不同的逻辑关系,如因果关系、条件关系等。