句子:补语是什么?

1. 补语的定义

补语是一种句子成分,用于补充说明主语或宾语的状态、身份、特征、动作等内容。它能够使句子的意思更加完整和丰富。例如在句子 We elected him captain.(我们选他当队长。) 中, captain 就是宾语补足语,用于补充说明宾语 him 的身份。

2. 补语的种类

(1)主语补语(表语)

位于系动词之后,说明主语的身份、特征、状态等情况。例如在句子 He is a student.(他是一名学生。) 中, a student 是主语补语(也称为表语),通过系动词 is 来补充说明主语 He 的身份。

(2)宾语补语

用于补充说明宾语的状态、动作等。例如在句子 I found the book interesting.(我发现这本书很有趣。) 中, interesting 是宾语补语,用于补充说明宾语 book 的特征。

3. 可以充当补语的成分

(1)名词

主语补语(表语): She became a famous singer.(她成为了一名著名歌手。) 中, a famous singer 是名词作主语补语,说明主语 She 的身份变化。

宾语补语: They called the dog Tiger.(他们叫这只狗‘老虎’。) 中, Tiger 是名词作宾语补语,用于补充说明宾语 dog 的名字。

(2)形容词

主语补语(表语): The weather is nice.(天气很好。) 中, nice 是形容词作主语补语,描述主语 The weather 的特征。

宾语补语: He painted the wall white.(他把墙刷成白色。) 中, white 是形容词作宾语补语,用于补充说明宾语 wall 的颜色变化。

(3)副词

主语补语(表语): The light is on.(灯亮着。) 中, on 是副词作主语补语,说明主语 The light 的状态。

宾语补语: I saw him out.(我看见他出去了。) 中, out 是副词作宾语补语,用于补充说明宾语 him 的动作方向。

(4)不定式

主语补语(表语): My dream is to travel around the world.(我的梦想是环游世界。) 中, to travel around the world 是不定式作主语补语,用于说明主语 My dream 的具体内容。

宾语补语: She asked me to help her.(她让我帮助她。) 中, to help her 是不定式作宾语补语,用于补充说明宾语 me 的动作要求。

(5)分词(现在分词和过去分词)

主语补语(表语): The story is interesting.(这个故事很有趣。) 中, interesting 是现在分词作主语补语,描述主语 The story 的性质。

宾语补语: I heard her singing.(我听到她在唱歌。) 中, singing 是现在分词作宾语补语,用于补充说明宾语 her 正在进行的动作。

主语补语(表语): He is disappointed.(他很失望。) 中, disappointed 是过去分词作主语补语,描述主语 He 的情绪状态。

宾语补语: I found the window broken.(我发现窗户破了。) 中, broken 是过去分词作宾语补语,用于补充说明宾语 window 的状态。

(6)介词短语

主语补语(表语): The book is on the table.(书在桌子上。) 中, on the table 是介词短语作主语补语,用于说明主语 The book 的位置。

宾语补语: I saw a bird in the sky.(我看见一只鸟在天空中。) 中, in the sky 是介词短语作宾语补语,用于补充说明宾语 bird 的位置。

各种补语的例子:

1. 名词作主语补语(表语)

He is a doctor.(他是一名医生。)

She became a teacher.(她成为了一名教师。)

The building is a museum.(这座建筑是一个博物馆。)

My sister is a nurse.(我的姐姐是一名护士。)

The man turned out a hero.(这个人结果是个英雄。)

The object in the box is a gift.(盒子里的东西是一个礼物。)

The winner of the game is a young athlete.(比赛的获胜者是一名年轻的运动员。)

The earth is a planet.(地球是一颗行星。)

The book I'm reading is a mystery novel.(我正在读的书是一本悬疑小说。)

His dream is a successful career.(他的梦想是拥有成功的事业。)

2. 名词作宾语补语

They elected him president.(他们选他当总统。)

We consider her a genius.(我们认为她是个天才。)

He named the dog Lucky.(他给狗取名为“幸运”。)

She found the boy a seat.(她给男孩找了个座位。)

They made him captain of the team.(他们让他当队长。)

I think of him as a good friend.(我把他当作一个好朋友。)

The teacher appointed her monitor.(老师任命她为班长。)

He regards the place a paradise.(他把这个地方当作天堂。)

She saw the stranger a helper.(她把这个陌生人看作一个帮手。)

They judged the painting a masterpiece.(他们判定这幅画是一幅杰作。)

3. 形容词作主语补语(表语)

The flower is beautiful.(花很漂亮。)

He feels happy.(他感觉很开心。)

The sky looks blue.(天空看起来是蓝色的。)

The soup tastes delicious.(汤尝起来很好吃。)

The music sounds wonderful.(音乐听起来很棒。)

The room is clean.(房间很干净。)

The cloth feels soft.(这块布摸起来很软。)

The mountain is high.(山很高。)

The book is interesting.(书很有趣。)

The weather is fine.(天气很好。)

4. 形容词作宾语补语

He painted the wall yellow.(他把墙刷成黄色。)

She found the movie boring.(她觉得电影很无聊。)

I consider the problem difficult.(我认为这个问题很难。)

He made the water hot.(他把水烧热。)

She keeps the room tidy.(她保持房间整洁。)

They found the answer correct.(他们发现答案是正确的。)

He thought the speech inspiring.(他觉得演讲很鼓舞人心。)

She saw the situation hopeless.(她觉得情况毫无希望。)

I like my coffee strong.(我喜欢我的咖啡浓一点。)

He left the door open.(他让门开着。)

5. 副词作主语补语(表语)

The light is off.(灯是关着的。)

The meeting is over.(会议结束了。)

The train is away.(火车开走了。)

The store is still open.(商店还开着。)

The storm is out.(暴风雨过去了。)

Her performance is up.(她的表演水平提高了。)

The plane is down.(飞机降落了。)

The game is nearly through.(比赛快要结束了。)

The sun is up.(太阳升起来了。)

The computer is on.(电脑开着。)

6. 副词作宾语补语

I saw him off at the airport.(我在机场为他送行。)

She let the cat out.(她把猫放出去。)

He called the children in.(他把孩子们叫进来。)

I found my keys back.(我发现我的钥匙回来了。)

She watched the balloon up.(她看着气球升起来。)

He pushed the door open wide.(他把门推开很大。)

They sent the parcel away.(他们把包裹寄走。)

I heard her upstairs.(我听到她在楼上。)

She drove the car forward.(她把车往前开。)

He helped the old man across.(他帮助老人过马路。)

7. 不定式作主语补语(表语)

Her dream is to become a singer.(她的梦想是成为一名歌手。)

My goal is to pass the exam.(我的目标是通过考试。)

His wish is to travel abroad.(他的愿望是出国旅行。)

The plan is to build a new school.(计划是建一所新学校。)

Their intention is to help the poor.(他们的意图是帮助穷人。)

My decision is to study harder.(我的决定是更努力地学习。)

Her task is to clean the classroom.(她的任务是打扫教室。)

The purpose of the meeting is to discuss the problem.(会议的目的是讨论这个问题。)

The project's aim is to improve the environment.(这个项目的目标是改善环境。)

The first step is to make a plan.(第一步是制定一个计划。)

8. 不定式作宾语补语

She asked me to help her.(她让我帮助她。)

He told his son to study hard.(他告诉他的儿子要努力学习。)

I want you to come with me.(我想让你跟我一起去。)

They expected him to win the game.(他们期望他赢得比赛。)

She helped the old woman to cross the road.(她帮助老妇人过马路。)

He forced the door to open.(他用力把门打开。)

I like my steak to be well - done.(我喜欢我的牛排全熟。)

They persuaded her to change her mind.(他们说服她改变主意。)

She reminded him to take his medicine.(她提醒他吃药。)

He invited her to dance.(他邀请她跳舞。)

9. 现在分词作主语补语(表语)

The story is interesting.(这个故事很有趣。)

The movie is exciting.(这部电影很刺激。)

The game is challenging.(这个游戏很有挑战性。)

The job is demanding.(这份工作要求很高。)

The speech is inspiring.(这个演讲很鼓舞人心。)

The performance is entertaining.(这场表演很有娱乐性。)

The situation is confusing.(这种情况很令人困惑。)

The news is surprising.(这个消息很令人惊讶。)

The book is fascinating.(这本书很吸引人。)

The activity is tiring.(这个活动很累人。)

10. 现在分词作宾语补语

I heard her singing in the bathroom.(我听到她在浴室唱歌。)

He saw the boy running in the park.(他看见男孩在公园跑步。)

She found the cat sleeping on the sofa.(她发现猫在沙发上睡觉。)

They watched the dancers twirling on the stage.(他们看着舞者在舞台上旋转。)

I noticed the leaves falling from the tree.(我注意到树叶从树上落下。)

He felt the wind blowing against his face.(他感觉到风迎面吹来。)

She caught the thief stealing her purse.(她抓住小偷在偷她的钱包。)

They kept the engine running.(他们让发动机一直运转。)

I left the water boiling on the stove.(我让水在炉子上沸腾。)

He had the workers painting the house.(他让工人们粉刷房子。)

11. 过去分词作主语补语(表语)

He is disappointed.(他很失望。)

She looks tired.(她看起来很累。)

The window is broken.(窗户是破的。)

The book is well - written.(这本书写得很好。)

The door is locked.(门锁着。)

The problem is solved.(问题解决了。)

The city is surrounded by mountains.(这座城市被山环绕。)

The cake is baked.(蛋糕烤好了。)

The letter is received.(信收到了。)

The man is respected.(这个人很受尊敬。)

12. 过去分词作宾语补语

I found the window broken.(我发现窗户破了。)

She saw the door closed.(她看到门关上了。)

He had his hair cut.(他理发了。)

They got the work done.(他们完成了工作。)

She wanted the letter typed.(她想把信打出来。)

He found his car stolen.(他发现他的车被偷了。)

They considered the problem solved.(他们认为问题已经解决。)

She left the clothes washed.(她把衣服洗了。)

He made the mistake corrected.(他把错误改正了。)

They saw the house painted.(他们看到房子被粉刷了。)

13. 介词短语作主语补语(表语)

The book is on the table.(书在桌子上。)

He is in trouble.(他有麻烦了。)

The picture is on the wall.(画在墙上。)

She is at home.(她在家。)

The keys are in my pocket.(钥匙在我的口袋里。)

The cat is behind the sofa.(猫在沙发后面。)

The town is near the sea.(这个城镇靠近大海。)

He is of medium height.(他中等身高。)

The box is full of toys.(盒子里装满了玩具。)

The house is among the trees.(房子在树林中间。)

14. 介词短语作宾语补语

I saw a bird in the sky.(我看见一只鸟在天空中。)

She put the book on the shelf.(她把书放在书架上。)

He found his keys under the bed.(他发现他的钥匙在床底下。)

They left the child at home.(他们把孩子留在家里。)

She imagined herself on a beach.(她想象自己在海滩上。)

He watched the boat on the river.(他看着河上的船。)

They considered the matter of great importance.(他们认为这件事非常重要。)

She noticed a hole in the wall.(她注意到墙上有个洞。)

He kept his eyes on the road.(他一直盯着路。)

They described the city as a paradise.(他们把这个城市描述成一个天堂。)

英语基础

句子:补语是什么?