语态:什么是语态?
1. 语态的定义
语态是动词的一种形式,用来表示主语和谓语动词之间的关系。英语中有两种语态:主动语态和被动语态。
2. 主动语态(Active Voice)
概念:在主动语态中,主语是动作的执行者。也就是说,主语发出动作,谓语动词表示主语的动作。
结构:主语 + 谓语动词(及物动词)+ 宾语。
例如:The boy kicks the ball.(男孩踢球。)
分析:这里“the boy”是主语,是动作“kicks”的执行者,“the ball”是宾语,是动作的承受者。
用途:当重点强调动作的执行者时,使用主动语态。
例如:Tom wrote a wonderful story.(重点在汤姆这个执行者写了故事)
用途:在日常交流和大多数简单的陈述句中,主动语态更自然、直接。
比如:She cooks dinner every day.(她每天做晚餐)
3. 被动语态(Passive Voice)
概念:在被动语态中,主语是动作的承受者。主语接受动作,谓语动词表示主语受到的动作。
结构:主语(动作的承受者)+ be + 过去分词+(by + 动作执行者)。
例如:The ball is kicked by the boy.(球被男孩踢。)
分析:“The ball”是主语,是动作“kicked”的承受者,“by the boy”表示动作的执行者。
用途:当不知道动作的执行者或者动作的执行者不重要时,使用被动语态。
例如:My car was stolen last night.(不知道谁偷了车,重点是车被偷了)
用途:强调动作的承受者时使用。
例如:The building was designed by a famous architect.(重点在建筑物是被著名建筑师设计的)
用途:在科技、新闻、学术等文体中,被动语态使用较为频繁,因为这些语境往往更关注动作的对象和结果。
例如:The experiment was carried out successfully.(实验被成功地执行了)
4. 被动语态的时态变化
一般现在时:am/is/are + 过去分词。
例如:English is spoken all over the world.(全世界都在说英语)
一般过去时:was/were + 过去分词。
例如:The letter was written yesterday.(信是昨天写的)
一般将来时:will be + 过去分词。
例如:The work will be finished next week.(工作将在下周完成)
现在进行时:am/is/are + being + 过去分词。
例如:The house is being built now.(房子现在正在建造)
过去进行时:was/were + being + 过去分词。
例如:The car was being repaired when I arrived.(我到达的时候车正在修理)
现在完成时:have/has + been + 过去分词。
例如:The book has been read by many people.(这本书已经被很多人读过)
过去完成时:had + been + 过去分词。
例如:The project had been completed before the deadline.(项目在截止日期前就已经完成)
将来完成时:will have been + 过去分词。
例如:By next year, the bridge will have been built.(到明年,桥将已经被建造好)
例子
主动语态:I write a letter.(我写一封信。)
被动语态:A letter is written by me.(一封信被我写。)
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主动语态:She reads a book.(她读一本书。)
被动语态:A book is read by her.(一本书被她读。)
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主动语态:He plays the guitar.(他弹吉他。)
被动语态:The guitar is played by him.(吉他被他弹。)
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主动语态:They build a house.(他们建一座房子。)
被动语态:A house is built by them.(一座房子被他们建。)
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主动语态:The workers make cars.(工人们制造汽车。)
被动语态:Cars are made by the workers.(汽车被工人们制造。)
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主动语态:We plant trees.(我们种树。)
被动语态:Trees are planted by us.(树被我们种。)
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主动语态:The chef cooks a meal.(厨师做一顿饭。)
被动语态:A meal is cooked by the chef.(一顿饭被厨师做。)
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主动语态:She paints a picture.(她画一幅画。)
被动语态:A picture is painted by her.(一幅画被她画。)
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主动语态:He repairs the bike.(他修理自行车。)
被动语态:The bike is repaired by him.(自行车被他修理。)
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主动语态:They clean the classroom.(他们打扫教室。)
被动语态:The classroom is cleaned by them.(教室被他们打扫。)
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主动语态:The students answer the questions.(学生们回答问题。)
被动语态:The questions are answered by the students.(问题被学生们回答。)
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主动语态:I drive a car.(我开车。)
被动语态:A car is driven by me.(车被我开。)
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主动语态:She sings a song.(她唱歌。)
被动语态:A song is sung by her.(一首歌被她唱。)
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主动语态:He writes a report.(他写一份报告。)
被动语态:A report is written by him.(一份报告被他写。)
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主动语态:They play basketball.(他们打篮球。)
被动语态:Basketball is played by them.(篮球被他们打。)
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主动语态:The teacher teaches English.(老师教英语。)
被动语态:English is taught by the teacher.(英语被老师教。)
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主动语态:We watch a movie.(我们看一部电影。)
被动语态:A movie is watched by us.(一部电影被我们看。)
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主动语态:The artist draws a portrait.(艺术家画一幅肖像。)
被动语态:A portrait is drawn by the artist.(一幅肖像被艺术家画。)
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主动语态:She types a document.(她打一份文件。)
被动语态:A document is typed by her.(一份文件被她打。)
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主动语态:He designs a building.(他设计一座建筑。)
被动语态:A building is designed by him.(一座建筑被他设计。)
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主动语态:They organize a party.(他们组织一场聚会。)
被动语态:A party is organized by them.(一场聚会被他们组织。)
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主动语态:The doctor treats the patient.(医生治疗病人。)
被动语态:The patient is treated by the doctor.(病人被医生治疗。)
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主动语态:I break a cup.(我打碎一个杯子。)
被动语态:A cup is broken by me.(一个杯子被我打碎。)
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主动语态:She washes the clothes.(她洗衣服。)
被动语态:The clothes are washed by her.(衣服被她洗。)
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主动语态:He fixes the computer.(他修理电脑。)
被动语态:The computer is fixed by him.(电脑被他修理。)
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主动语态:They study math.(他们学数学。)
被动语态:Math is studied by them.(数学被他们学。)
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主动语态:The author writes a novel.(作者写一本小说。)
被动语态:A novel is written by the author.(一本小说被作者写。)
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主动语态:We decorate the room.(我们装饰房间。)
被动语态:The room is decorated by us.(房间被我们装饰。)
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主动语态:The mechanic checks the car.(机械师检查汽车。)
被动语态:The car is checked by the mechanic.(汽车被机械师检查。)
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主动语态:She bakes a cake.(她烤一个蛋糕。)
被动语态:A cake is baked by her.(一个蛋糕被她烤。)
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主动语态:He cuts the grass.(他修剪草坪。)
被动语态:The grass is cut by him.(草坪被他修剪。)
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主动语态:They develop a plan.(他们制定一个计划。)
被动语态:A plan is developed by them.(一个计划被他们制定。)
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主动语态:The singer records a song.(歌手录制一首歌。)
被动语态:A song is recorded by the singer.(一首歌被歌手录制。)
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主动语态:I choose a book.(我选一本书。)
被动语态:A book is chosen by me.(一本书被我选。)
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主动语态:She sends a message.(她发一条消息。)
被动语态:A message is sent by her.(一条消息被她发。)
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主动语态:He climbs a mountain.(他爬山。)
被动语态:A mountain is climbed by him.(山被他爬。)
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主动语态:They collect stamps.(他们集邮。)
被动语态:Stamps are collected by them.(邮票被他们收集。)
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主动语态:The police catch the thief.(警察抓住小偷。)
被动语态:The thief is caught by the police.(小偷被警察抓住。)
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主动语态:I make a mistake.(我犯一个错误。)
被动语态:A mistake is made by me.(一个错误被我犯。)
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主动语态:She opens the window.(她打开窗户。)
被动语态:The window is opened by her.(窗户被她打开。)
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主动语态:He closes the door.(他关上门。)
被动语态:The door is closed by him.(门被他关上。)
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主动语态:They start a business.(他们开始一项生意。)
被动语态:A business is started by them.(一项生意被他们开始。)
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主动语态:The gardener waters the plants.(园丁给植物浇水。)
被动语态:The plants are watered by the gardener.(植物被园丁浇水。)
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主动语态:I learn a new skill.(我学一项新技能。)
被动语态:A new skill is learned by me.(一项新技能被我学。)
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主动语态:She loves a movie.(她喜欢一部电影。)
被动语态:A movie is loved by her.(一部电影被她喜欢。)
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主动语态:He hates noise.(他讨厌噪音。)
被动语态:Noise is hated by him.(噪音被他讨厌。)
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主动语态:They invite friends.(他们邀请朋友。)
被动语态:Friends are invited by them.(朋友被他们邀请。)
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主动语态:The company hires employees.(公司雇佣员工。)
被动语态:Employees are hired by the company.(员工被公司雇佣。)
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主动语态:I remember a story.(我记得一个故事。)
被动语态:A story is remembered by me.(一个故事被我记得。)
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主动语态:She forgets a password.(她忘记一个密码。)
被动语态:A password is forgotten by her.(一个密码被她忘记。)