时态纵向比较：4种（现在）时态的相同点与不同点

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英语四种现在时态分别是：现在一般时，现在进行时，现在完成时，现在完成进行时。

一. 相同点

时间范畴：都与现在的时间有联系，是对现在的动作、状态或习惯等方面的描述。

基本结构中的共性：在一般现在时和现在进行时中，主语为非第三人称单数时，动词的基本形式（原形或 -ing形式）在肯定句中的变化相对简单，不需要复杂的时态变形（除了现在进行时的be动词变化）。

用途关联：都可以用于传达与当下相关的信息，无论是日常行为、正在发生的动作、当前的状态还是一般性的真理。

二. 不同点

一般现在时：

用法：表示经常发生的动作或存在的状态；表示客观真理、科学事实等；在时间和条件状语从句中，代替一般将来时。

结构：主语 + 动词原形（当主语是第三人称单数时，动词需用第三人称单数形式）。

例如：

I play football every day.（经常性动作）；

The earth goes around the sun.（客观真理）

现在进行时：

用法：表示现在正在进行的动作；表示现阶段正在进行的动作，但说话时不一定正在进行；表示即将发生的动作（常为位移动词）。

结构：主语 + am/is/are + 动词的现在分词。

例如：

I am reading a book now.（现在正在进行）；

She is learning French this semester.（现阶段进行）；

The train is leaving.（即将发生）

现在完成时：

用法：表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果；表示过去开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。

结构：主语 + have/has + 过去分词。

例如：

I have lost my key.（对现在的影响是钥匙找不到了）；

He has lived here for five years.（从过去持续到现在）

现在完成进行时：

用法：表示一个从过去某时开始一直持续到现在的动作，这个动作可能刚刚结束，也可能还在进行；强调动作的持续性和未完成性。

结构：主语 + have/has + been + 动词的现在分词。

例如：I have been studying English for three hours.（可能还在学，也可能刚学完）

英语四种现在时态的语法基础选择题

1. She ________ to school by bus every day.

A. goes

B. is going

C. has gone

D. has been going

2. I ________ a book at the moment.

A. read

B. am reading

C. have read

D. have been reading

3. The sun ________ in the east.

A. rise

B. rises

C. is rising

D. has risen

4. They ________ football since they were children.

A. play

B. are playing

C. have played

D. have been playing

5. He ________ his homework right now.

A. does

B. is doing

C. has done

D. has been doing

6. My mother ________ cooking dinner.

A. do

B. is doing

C. has done

D. has been doing

7. We ________ English for three years.

A. learn

B. are learning

C. have learned

D. have been learning

8. The train ________ at 9:00 every morning.

A. leave

B. leaves

C. is leaving

D. has left

9. She ________ in the park when I called her.

A. walk

B. is walking

C. was walking

D. has been walking

10. I ________ a lot of new friends recently.

A. make

B. am making

C. have made

D. have been making

11. He always ________ his teeth before going to bed.

A. brush

B. brushes

C. is brushing

D. has brushed

12. They ________ a meeting now.

A. have

B. are having

C. have had

D. have been having

13. The water ________ at 100 degrees Celsius.

A. boil

B. boils

C. is boiling

D. has boiled

14. I ________ to the gym three times a week.

A. go

B. am going

C. have gone

D. have been going

15. She ________ a new dress today.

A. wear

B. is wearing

C. has worn

D. has been wearing

16. We ________ this movie before.

A. see

B. are seeing

C. have seen

D. have been seeing

17. He ________ for the bus at the moment.

A. wait

B. is waiting

C. has waited

D. has been waiting

18. The children ________ in the garden.

A. play

B. are playing

C. have played

D. have been playing

19. I ________ my keys. Can you help me find them?

A. lose

B. am losing

C. have lost

D. have been losing

20. She ________ to music every night.

A. listen

B. is listening

C. has listened

D. has been listening

21. They ________ on a project these days.

A. work

B. are working

C. have worked

D. have been working

22. The shop ________ at 8:00 in the morning.

A. open

B. opens

C. is opening

D. has opened

23. I ________ a letter to my friend this morning.

A. write

B. am writing

C. have written

D. have been writing

24. He ________ in this city for a long time.

A. live

B. is living

C. has lived

D. has been living

25. She ________ a lot of money on clothes.

A. spend

B. is spending

C. has spent

D. has been spending

26. We ________ to the beach every summer.

A. go

B. are going

C. have gone

D. have been going

27. The cat ________ under the table.

A. sit

B. is sitting

C. has sat

D. has been sitting

28. I ________ the news every day.

A. watch

B. am watching

C. have watched

D. have been watching

29. They ________ their homework yet.

A. don't finish

B. aren't finishing

C. haven't finished

D. haven't been finishing

30. He ________ a shower right now.

A. take

B. is taking

C. has taken

D. has been taking

31. She ________ a novel recently.

A. read

B. is reading

C. has read

D. has been reading

32. The flowers ________ beautiful.

A. look

B. are looking

C. have looked

D. have been looking

33. I ________ my bike to school every day.

A. ride

B. am riding

C. have ridden

D. have been riding

34. They ________ for the exam for a week.

A. prepare

B. are preparing

C. have prepared

D. have been preparing

35. He ________ his work on time.

A. always finish

B. is always finishing

C. has always finished

D. always finishes

36. We ________ a party tonight.

A. have

B. are having

C. have had

D. have been having

37. The baby ________ now.

A. sleep

B. is sleeping

C. has slept

D. has been sleeping

38. I ________ a lot about history recently.

A. learn

B. am learning

C. have learned

D. have been learning

39. She ________ in the choir for five years.

A. sing

B. is singing

C. has sung

D. has been singing

40. They ________ to the new teacher.

A. listen

B. are listening

C. have listened

D. have been listening

41. I ________ my breakfast already.

A. eat

B. am eating

C. have eaten

D. have been eating

42. He ________ his car to work today.

A. drive

B. is driving

C. has driven

D. has been driving

43. The students ________ their projects at the moment.

A. present

B. are presenting

C. have presented

D. have been presenting

44. We ________ this song many times.

A. sing

B. are singing

C. have sung

D. have been singing

45. She ________ for a job recently.

A. look

B. is looking

C. has looked

D. has been looking

46. The dog ________ at the strangers.

A. bark

B. is barking

C. has barked

D. has been barking

47. I ________ my room every weekend.

A. clean

B. am cleaning

C. have cleaned

D. have been cleaning

48. They ________ in the library since this morning.

A. study

B. are studying

C. have studied

D. have been studying

49. He ________ his phone all day.

A. use

B. is using

C. has used

D. has been using

50. She ________ a lot of progress in her studies.

A. make

B. is making

C. has made

D. has been making

答案：1A，2B，3B，4D，5B，6B，7C，8B，9C，10C，11B，12B，13B，14A，15B，16C，17B，18B，19C，20A，21D，22B，23C，24D，25D，26A，27B，28A，29C，30B，31D，32A，33A，34D，35D，36B，37B，38D，39D，40B，41C，42B，43B，44C，45D，46B，47A，48D，49D，50C