时态纵向比较：4种（现在）时态的相同点与不同点
英语四种现在时态分别是：现在一般时，现在进行时，现在完成时，现在完成进行时。
一. 相同点
时间范畴：都与现在的时间有联系，是对现在的动作、状态或习惯等方面的描述。
基本结构中的共性：在一般现在时和现在进行时中，主语为非第三人称单数时，动词的基本形式（原形或 -ing形式）在肯定句中的变化相对简单，不需要复杂的时态变形（除了现在进行时的be动词变化）。
用途关联：都可以用于传达与当下相关的信息，无论是日常行为、正在发生的动作、当前的状态还是一般性的真理。
二. 不同点
一般现在时：
用法：表示经常发生的动作或存在的状态；表示客观真理、科学事实等；在时间和条件状语从句中，代替一般将来时。
结构：主语 + 动词原形（当主语是第三人称单数时，动词需用第三人称单数形式）。
例如：
I play football every day.（经常性动作）；
The earth goes around the sun.（客观真理）
现在进行时：
用法：表示现在正在进行的动作；表示现阶段正在进行的动作，但说话时不一定正在进行；表示即将发生的动作（常为位移动词）。
结构：主语 + am/is/are + 动词的现在分词。
例如：
I am reading a book now.（现在正在进行）；
She is learning French this semester.（现阶段进行）；
The train is leaving.（即将发生）
现在完成时：
用法：表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果；表示过去开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。
结构：主语 + have/has + 过去分词。
例如：
I have lost my key.（对现在的影响是钥匙找不到了）；
He has lived here for five years.（从过去持续到现在）
现在完成进行时：
用法：表示一个从过去某时开始一直持续到现在的动作，这个动作可能刚刚结束，也可能还在进行；强调动作的持续性和未完成性。
结构：主语 + have/has + been + 动词的现在分词。
例如：I have been studying English for three hours.（可能还在学，也可能刚学完）
英语四种现在时态的语法基础选择题
1. She ________ to school by bus every day.
A. goes
B. is going
C. has gone
D. has been going
2. I ________ a book at the moment.
A. read
B. am reading
C. have read
D. have been reading
3. The sun ________ in the east.
A. rise
B. rises
C. is rising
D. has risen
4. They ________ football since they were children.
A. play
B. are playing
C. have played
D. have been playing
5. He ________ his homework right now.
A. does
B. is doing
C. has done
D. has been doing
6. My mother ________ cooking dinner.
A. do
B. is doing
C. has done
D. has been doing
7. We ________ English for three years.
A. learn
B. are learning
C. have learned
D. have been learning
8. The train ________ at 9:00 every morning.
A. leave
B. leaves
C. is leaving
D. has left
9. She ________ in the park when I called her.
A. walk
B. is walking
C. was walking
D. has been walking
10. I ________ a lot of new friends recently.
A. make
B. am making
C. have made
D. have been making
11. He always ________ his teeth before going to bed.
A. brush
B. brushes
C. is brushing
D. has brushed
12. They ________ a meeting now.
A. have
B. are having
C. have had
D. have been having
13. The water ________ at 100 degrees Celsius.
A. boil
B. boils
C. is boiling
D. has boiled
14. I ________ to the gym three times a week.
A. go
B. am going
C. have gone
D. have been going
15. She ________ a new dress today.
A. wear
B. is wearing
C. has worn
D. has been wearing
16. We ________ this movie before.
A. see
B. are seeing
C. have seen
D. have been seeing
17. He ________ for the bus at the moment.
A. wait
B. is waiting
C. has waited
D. has been waiting
18. The children ________ in the garden.
A. play
B. are playing
C. have played
D. have been playing
19. I ________ my keys. Can you help me find them?
A. lose
B. am losing
C. have lost
D. have been losing
20. She ________ to music every night.
A. listen
B. is listening
C. has listened
D. has been listening
21. They ________ on a project these days.
A. work
B. are working
C. have worked
D. have been working
22. The shop ________ at 8:00 in the morning.
A. open
B. opens
C. is opening
D. has opened
23. I ________ a letter to my friend this morning.
A. write
B. am writing
C. have written
D. have been writing
24. He ________ in this city for a long time.
A. live
B. is living
C. has lived
D. has been living
25. She ________ a lot of money on clothes.
A. spend
B. is spending
C. has spent
D. has been spending
26. We ________ to the beach every summer.
A. go
B. are going
C. have gone
D. have been going
27. The cat ________ under the table.
A. sit
B. is sitting
C. has sat
D. has been sitting
28. I ________ the news every day.
A. watch
B. am watching
C. have watched
D. have been watching
29. They ________ their homework yet.
A. don't finish
B. aren't finishing
C. haven't finished
D. haven't been finishing
30. He ________ a shower right now.
A. take
B. is taking
C. has taken
D. has been taking
31. She ________ a novel recently.
A. read
B. is reading
C. has read
D. has been reading
32. The flowers ________ beautiful.
A. look
B. are looking
C. have looked
D. have been looking
33. I ________ my bike to school every day.
A. ride
B. am riding
C. have ridden
D. have been riding
34. They ________ for the exam for a week.
A. prepare
B. are preparing
C. have prepared
D. have been preparing
35. He ________ his work on time.
A. always finish
B. is always finishing
C. has always finished
D. always finishes
36. We ________ a party tonight.
A. have
B. are having
C. have had
D. have been having
37. The baby ________ now.
A. sleep
B. is sleeping
C. has slept
D. has been sleeping
38. I ________ a lot about history recently.
A. learn
B. am learning
C. have learned
D. have been learning
39. She ________ in the choir for five years.
A. sing
B. is singing
C. has sung
D. has been singing
40. They ________ to the new teacher.
A. listen
B. are listening
C. have listened
D. have been listening
41. I ________ my breakfast already.
A. eat
B. am eating
C. have eaten
D. have been eating
42. He ________ his car to work today.
A. drive
B. is driving
C. has driven
D. has been driving
43. The students ________ their projects at the moment.
A. present
B. are presenting
C. have presented
D. have been presenting
44. We ________ this song many times.
A. sing
B. are singing
C. have sung
D. have been singing
45. She ________ for a job recently.
A. look
B. is looking
C. has looked
D. has been looking
46. The dog ________ at the strangers.
A. bark
B. is barking
C. has barked
D. has been barking
47. I ________ my room every weekend.
A. clean
B. am cleaning
C. have cleaned
D. have been cleaning
48. They ________ in the library since this morning.
A. study
B. are studying
C. have studied
D. have been studying
49. He ________ his phone all day.
A. use
B. is using
C. has used
D. has been using
50. She ________ a lot of progress in her studies.
A. make
B. is making
C. has made
D. has been making
答案：1A，2B，3B，4D，5B，6B，7C，8B，9C，10C，11B，12B，13B，14A，15B，16C，17B，18B，19C，20A，21D，22B，23C，24D，25D，26A，27B，28A，29C，30B，31D，32A，33A，34D，35D，36B，37B，38D，39D，40B，41C，42B，43B，44C，45D，46B，47A，48D，49D，50C
