时态横向比较：四种（进行）时态的相同点与不同点

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英语中的四种进行时态包括现在进行时、过去进行时、将来进行时和过去将来进行时。

一、相同点

1. 都强调动作在特定时间段内的持续性：这四种进行时态都表示动作在某一特定时间正在进行，突出动作的持续性。

2. 结构有相似之处：均由“be 动词 + 动词的现在分词”构成，只是 be 动词的形式随不同的时态而变化。

二、不同点

1. 现在进行时：

用法：

表示现在正在进行的动作；

表示现阶段正在进行的动作，但说话时不一定正在进行；

表示即将发生的动作，常与表示将来的时间状语连用，如“be going to”结构。

结构：am/is/are + 动词的现在分词。

例句：

I am reading a book now.（现在正在进行的动作）；

She is learning French these days.（现阶段正在进行的动作）；

The train is leaving soon.（即将发生的动作）。

2. 过去进行时：

用法：表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作；常与表示过去的时间状语连用，可用来描述背景。

结构：was/were + 动词的现在分词。

例句：

I was watching TV at eight o'clock last night.（过去某一时刻正在进行的动作）；

While I was doing my homework, my mother was cooking.（过去某一段时间正在进行的动作，描述背景）。

3. 将来进行时：

用法：表示将来某一时刻正在进行的动作；表示对将来的一种预测，语气较为委婉。

结构：will be + 动词的现在分词。

例句：

I will be studying English at this time tomorrow.（将来某一时刻正在进行的动作）；

They will be having a meeting this afternoon. Maybe it will last for a long time.（对将来的一种预测）。

4. 过去将来进行时：

用法：从过去某一时间看将来某一时刻正在进行的动作；常用于宾语从句中。

结构：would be + 动词的现在分词。

例句：She said she would be waiting for me at the station at six o'clock.（从过去某一时间看将来某一时刻正在进行的动作，用于宾语从句）。

四种进行时态的语法基础题：

1. I __________ my homework right now.

A. am doing

B. was doing

C. will be doing

D. would be doing

2. She __________ a song at this moment.

A. is singing

B. was singing

C. will be singing

D. would be singing

3. They __________ basketball in the park.

A. are playing

B. were playing

C. will be playing

D. would be playing

4. He __________ to music when I entered the room.

A. was listening

B. is listening

C. will be listening

D. would be listening

5. We __________ a party tomorrow evening.

A. will be having

B. are having

C. were having

D. would be having

6. She __________ on the phone with her friend.

A. is talking

B. was talking

C. will be talking

D. would be talking

7. They __________ a meeting at this time yesterday.

A. were having

B. are having

C. will be having

D. would be having

8. I __________ a book when the bell rang.

A. was reading

B. am reading

C. will be reading

D. would be reading

9. He __________ a bath at seven o'clock this morning.

A. was taking

B. is taking

C. will be taking

D. would be taking

10. We __________ a walk in the park now.

A. are taking

B. were taking

C. will be taking

D. would be taking

11. She __________ dinner when he arrived.

A. was cooking

B. is cooking

C. will be cooking

D. would be cooking

12. They __________ games in the yard.

A. are playing

B. were playing

C. will be playing

D. would be playing

13. I __________ to the radio at this time yesterday.

A. was listening

B. am listening

C. will be listening

D. would be listening

14. He __________ for the bus at the station.

A. is waiting

B. was waiting

C. will be waiting

D. would be waiting

15. We __________ a movie tonight.

A. will be watching

B. are watching

C. were watching

D. would be watching

16. She __________ a letter to her pen pal.

A. is writing

B. was writing

C. will be writing

D. would be writing

17. They __________ a discussion in the classroom.

A. are having

B. were having

C. will be having

D. would be having

18. I __________ a nap when the phone woke me up.

A. was taking

B. am taking

C. will be taking

D. would be taking

19. He __________ his room at this time yesterday afternoon.

A. was cleaning

B. is cleaning

C. will be cleaning

D. would be cleaning

20. We __________ a picnic if the weather is good tomorrow.

A. will be having

B. are having

C. were having

D. would be having

21. She __________ to work by bike at present.

A. is going

B. was going

C. will be going

D. would be going

22. They __________ football match on TV last night.

A. were watching

B. are watching

C. will be watching

D. would be watching

23. I __________ for my exam at this time next week.

A. will be studying

B. am studying

C. was studying

D. would be studying

24. He __________ his dog for a walk when it started to rain.

A. was taking

B. is taking

C. will be taking

D. would be taking

25. We __________ a concert this weekend.

A. will be attending

B. are attending

C. were attending

D. would be attending

26. She __________ a report at this moment.

A. is writing

B. was writing

C. will be writing

D. would be writing

27. They __________ a meeting with the clients tomorrow.

A. will be having

B. are having

C. were having

D. would be having

28. I __________ a book about history these days.

A. am reading

B. was reading

C. will be reading

D. would be reading

29. He __________ to the gym every morning.

A. is going

B. was going

C. will be going

D. would be going

30. We __________ a game of chess now.

A. are playing

B. were playing

C. will be playing

D. would be playing

31. She __________ a movie with her friends last night.

A. was watching

B. is watching

C. will be watching

D. would be watching

32. They __________ on a project at this time last month.

A. were working

B. are working

C. will be working

D. would be working

33. I __________ a letter to my grandparents when the power went out.

A. was writing

B. am writing

C. will be writing

D. would be writing

34. He __________ for his flight at the airport now.

A. is waiting

B. was waiting

C. will be waiting

D. would be waiting

35. We __________ a party to celebrate our victory.

A. will be having

B. are having

C. were having

D. would be having

36. She __________ to music while doing her homework.

A. is listening

B. was listening

C. will be listening

D. would be listening

37. They __________ a basketball game at this time tomorrow afternoon.

A. will be watching

B. are watching

C. were watching

D. would be watching

38. I __________ a cup of coffee when she came in.

A. was having

B. am having

C. will be having

D. would be having

39. He __________ his bike to school at this time yesterday.

A. was riding

B. is riding

C. will be riding

D. would be riding

40. We __________ a debate in the classroom now.

A. are having

B. were having

C. will be having

D. would be having

41. She __________ a shower when the phone rang.

A. was taking

B. is taking

C. will be taking

D. would be taking

42. They __________ a walk in the park at sunset.

A. are taking

B. were taking

C. will be taking

D. would be taking

43. I __________ for a job interview at this time next month.

A. will be preparing

B. am preparing

C. was preparing

D. would be preparing

44. He __________ his dog in the park now.

A. is walking

B. was walking

C. will be walking

D. would be walking

45. We __________ a trip to the mountains next week.

A. will be taking

B. are taking

C. were taking

D. would be taking

46. She __________ a book review at this moment.

A. is writing

B. was writing

C. will be writing

D. would be writing

47. They __________ a meeting about the new project yesterday.

A. were having

B. are having

C. will be having

D. would be having

48. I __________ to the radio while driving.

A. am listening

B. was listening

C. will be listening

D. would be listening

49. He __________ his room when his friends arrived.

A. was cleaning

B. is cleaning

C. will be cleaning

D. would be cleaning

50. We __________ a picnic in the countryside last weekend.

A. were having

B. are having

C. will be having

D. would be having

答案：1. A；2. A；3. A；4. A；5. A；6. A；7. A；8. A；9. A；10. A；11. A；12. A；13. A；14. A；15. A；16. A；17. A；18. A；19. A；20. A；21. A；22. A；23. A；24. A；25. A；26. A；27. A；28. A；29. A；30. A；31. A；32. A；33. A；34. A；35. A；36. A；37. A；38. A；39. A；40. A；41. A；42. A；43. A；44. A；45. A；46. A；47. A；48. A；49. A；50. A。