句子:宾语是什么?
1. 宾语的定义
宾语是动作的对象或承受者,它通常出现在及物动词(需要接宾语才能完整表达意思的动词)之后,用来补充说明主语的动作作用于什么。
例如:I love books.(我喜欢书。)中,books就是宾语,它是love这个动作的对象。
2. 宾语的种类
(1)直接宾语:直接宾语是谓语动词的直接对象,直接接受动作。
例如:She wrote a letter.(她写了一封信。)中,a letter是直接宾语,是wrote这个动作直接作用的对象。
再如:He kicked the ball.(他踢了球。)里,the ball是直接宾语,是kicked的直接承受者。
(2)间接宾语:间接宾语表示动作是对谁或为谁做的,通常位于直接宾语之前,与直接宾语一起构成双宾语结构。
例如:She gave me a book.(她给了我一本书。)中,me是间接宾语,表示书的接收者,a book是直接宾语,是gave这个动作的直接对象。
又如:He told his mother a story.(他给他妈妈讲了一个故事。)里,his mother是间接宾语,a story是直接宾语。
3. 可以充当宾语的成分
(1)名词:
I like music.(我喜欢音乐。)中的music是名词作宾语。
They bought a house.(他们买了一所房子。)里的a house也是名词作宾语。
(2)代词:
He helped me.(他帮助了我。)中,me是代词作宾语。
She saw them in the park.(她在公园看见了他们。)里的them也是代词作宾语。
(3)动名词:
I enjoy reading.(我喜欢阅读。)中,reading是动名词作宾语。
He hates smoking.(他讨厌吸烟。)里的smoking也是动名词作宾语。
(4)不定式:
She wants to learn English.(她想要学英语。)中,to learn English是不定式作宾语。
He decided to go home.(他决定回家。)里的to go home也是不定式作宾语。
(5)从句(宾语从句):
I think (that) you are right.(我认为你是对的。)中,(that) you are right是宾语从句作宾语。
She doesn't know where he lives.(她不知道他住在哪儿。)里的where he lives也是宾语从句作宾语。
各种宾语的例子:
1. 直接宾语(名词作直接宾语)
She plays the piano.(她弹钢琴。)
He reads books every day.(他每天读书。)
The cat catches the mouse.(猫抓老鼠。)
We watched a movie last night.(我们昨晚看了一部电影。)
The chef cooks meals.(厨师做饭。)
The student answers the question.(学生回答问题。)
They build houses in the city.(他们在城市里盖房子。)
She draws a picture.(她画一幅画。)
He drinks water after running.(他跑步后喝水。)
The writer creates stories.(作家创作故事。)
2. 直接宾语(代词作直接宾语)
I like it.(我喜欢它。)
She misses him.(她想念他。)
He found them in the classroom.(他在教室里找到他们。)
We saw her at the concert.(我们在音乐会上看到她。)
The teacher praised us.(老师表扬了我们。)
They called me yesterday.(他们昨天给我打电话。)
She helped him with his homework.(她帮助他做作业。)
He told her a secret.(他告诉她一个秘密。)
I recognized them at once.(我立刻认出了他们。)
The boy chased it in the yard.(男孩在院子里追赶它。)
3. 间接宾语 + 直接宾语(名词作间接宾语和直接宾语)
She gave the boy a toy.(她给男孩一个玩具。)
He sent his mother a letter.(他给他妈妈寄了一封信。)
The teacher told the students a story.(老师给学生们讲了一个故事。)
My father bought me a bike.(我爸爸给我买了一辆自行车。)
She showed her friend her new dress.(她给她的朋友看她的新裙子。)
He offered the customer a discount.(他给顾客提供了一个折扣。)
The host served the guests a delicious meal.(主人给客人们提供了一顿美味的饭菜。)
She taught the children a song.(她教孩子们一首歌。)
He lent his neighbor a ladder.(他借给他的邻居一个梯子。)
The company awarded the employees a bonus.(公司给员工们发了一笔奖金。)
4. 间接宾语 + 直接宾语(代词作间接宾语和直接宾语)
She gave me it.(她把它给了我。)
He showed her them.(他把它们给她看。)
The teacher told us a joke.(老师给我们讲了一个笑话。)
My mother bought him it.(我妈妈给他买了这个。)
She sent them us.(她把我们的东西寄给他们。)
He lent me his book.(他把他的书借给我。)
The waitress served him his coffee.(女服务员给他端上他的咖啡。)
She told him the truth.(她告诉他真相。)
He offered her his help.(他向她提供他的帮助。)
The boss gave them a task.(老板给他们一个任务。)
5. 动名词作宾语
I enjoy dancing.(我喜欢跳舞。)
She hates waiting.(她讨厌等待。)
He loves playing football.(他热爱踢足球。)
We avoid making mistakes.(我们避免犯错误。)
The man keeps smoking.(这个男人不停地抽烟。)
She finishes reading the book.(她读完了这本书。)
He starts running every morning.(他每天早上开始跑步。)
They consider moving to a new city.(他们考虑搬到一个新城市。)
I can't stand shouting.(我不能忍受大喊大叫。)
She practices singing every day.(她每天练习唱歌。)
6. 不定式作宾语
She wants to learn French.(她想要学法语。)
He hopes to see his family soon.(他希望很快见到他的家人。)
I decided to go on a trip.(我决定去旅行。)
We need to buy some groceries.(我们需要买些杂货。)
The boy wishes to have a new toy.(男孩希望有一个新玩具。)
She tries to solve the problem.(她努力解决问题。)
He agrees to help us.(他同意帮助我们。)
They plan to build a house.(他们计划盖一所房子。)
I forget to bring my keys.(我忘了带我的钥匙。)
She pretends to be happy.(她假装很开心。)
7. 宾语从句作宾语
I think (that) he is right.(我认为他是对的。)
She believes (that) she can succeed.(她相信她能成功。)
He said (that) he would come tomorrow.(他说他明天会来。)
We know (that) the earth is round.(我们知道地球是圆的。)
The boy wonders if he can pass the exam.(男孩想知道他是否能通过考试。)
She doesn't understand why he left.(她不明白他为什么离开。)
He asked whether she liked the movie.(他问她是否喜欢这部电影。)
They found out how they could solve the problem.(他们发现了他们该如何解决这个问题。)
I'm not sure where he lives.(我不确定他住在哪儿。)
She doubts if he will keep his promise.(她怀疑他是否会遵守他的诺言。)