句子:表语是什么?
1. 表语的定义
表语是用来说明主语的身份、特征、状态等内容的句子成分。它通常位于系动词(如be、become、seem、look、feel、sound、taste、smell等)之后,和系动词一起构成复合谓语,共同描述主语的情况。例如在句子 He is a student.(他是一名学生。) 中, a student 就是表语,通过系动词 is 说明主语 He 的身份。
2. 可以充当表语的成分
(1)名词:
例如: My mother is a teacher.(我的妈妈是一名教师。) 其中 a teacher 是名词作表语,表明主语 mother 的职业身份。
The book on the table is a novel.(桌子上的那本书是一本小说。) 这里的 a novel 也是名词作表语,用来描述主语 book 的类别。
(2)代词:
This is mine.(这是我的。) mine 是代词作表语,用于说明主语 This 的所属关系。
The winner of the game was he.(比赛的获胜者是他。) he 作为代词作表语,表明主语 winner 是谁。
(3)形容词:
The flower looks beautiful.(这朵花看起来很漂亮。) beautiful 是形容词作表语,描述主语 flower 的外观特征。
He feels happy.(他感觉很开心。) happy 是形容词作表语,说明主语 He 的情绪状态。
(4)数词:
I am the first.(我是第一名。) the first 是数词作表语,用于表示主语 I 的顺序位置。
The answer is three.(答案是三。) three 是数词作表语,表明主语 answer 的具体数值。
(5)副词:
The class is over.(下课了。) over 是副词作表语,描述主语 class 的状态(结束的状态)。
The light is on.(灯亮着。) on 是副词作表语,说明主语 light 的状态(开着的状态)。
(6)动名词:
Her hobby is reading.(她的爱好是阅读。) reading 是动名词作表语,用于说明主语 hobby 的具体内容。
My job is teaching English.(我的工作是教英语。) teaching English 是动名词短语作表语,描述主语 job 的具体职责。
(7)不定式:
His dream is to become a scientist.(他的梦想是成为一名科学家。) to become a scientist 是不定式作表语,用来表明主语 dream 的具体内容。
My plan is to travel around the world.(我的计划是环游世界。) to travel around the world 是不定式作表语,说明主语 plan 的目标。
(8)介词短语:
The book is on the desk.(书在桌子上。) on the desk 是介词短语作表语,用于说明主语 book 的位置。
She is in good health.(她身体很好。) in good health 是介词短语作表语,描述主语 She 的身体状况。
(9)从句(表语从句):
The fact is that he is late.(事实是他迟到了。) that he is late 是表语从句作表语,用于说明主语 The fact 的具体内容。
Her problem is whether she can pass the exam.(她的问题是她是否能通过考试。) whether she can pass the exam 是表语从句作表语,说明主语 problem 的具体内容。
各种表语的例子:
1. 名词作表语
She is a doctor.(她是一名医生。)
He became a famous actor.(他成为了一名著名演员。)
The building is a library.(这座建筑是一个图书馆。)
My brother is a soldier.(我的兄弟是一名士兵。)
The object in the box is a gift.(盒子里的东西是一个礼物。)
She seems a kind hearted woman.(她看起来是一个心地善良的女人。)
The man turned out a hero.(这个人结果是个英雄。)
The baby is a girl.(这个婴儿是个女孩。)
His father is a businessman.(他的父亲是一个商人。)
The new arrival is a tourist.(新来的人是一个游客。)
2. 代词作表语
This is hers.(这是她的。)
The best player is you.(最棒的选手是你。)
The winner is he.(获胜者是他。)
That book is mine.(那本书是我的。)
The one who called is her.(打电话的人是她。)
The owner of the car is them.(车的主人是他们。)
The first one to arrive was us.(第一个到达的是我们。)
The problem solver is him.(解决问题的人是他。)
The next speaker is me.(下一个发言的是我。)
The person in charge is they.(负责人是他们。)
3. 形容词作表语
The sky looks blue.(天空看起来是蓝色的。)
He feels sad.(他感觉很悲伤。)
The cake tastes delicious.(蛋糕尝起来很好吃。)
The music sounds wonderful.(音乐听起来很棒。)
The room is clean.(房间很干净。)
She appears young.(她看起来很年轻。)
The cloth feels soft.(这块布摸起来很软。)
The flower smells fragrant.(这朵花闻起来很香。)
The movie is interesting.(这部电影很有趣。)
The dog seems friendly.(这只狗看起来很友好。)
4. 数词作表语
I am the second.(我是第二个。)
The score is five to three.(比分是五比三。)
She is number ten.(她是十号。)
The answer is zero.(答案是零。)
There are six.(有六个。)
The price is twenty five dollars.(价格是25美元。)
He is the third person to come.(他是第三个来的人。)
The population of this city is about five million.(这个城市的人口大约是五百万。)
The age limit is eighteen.(年龄限制是18岁。)
My lucky number is seven.(我的幸运数字是七。)
5. 副词作表语
The meeting is over.(会议结束了。)
The light is off.(灯灭了。)
The TV is still on.(电视还开着。)
The train is away.(火车开走了。)
The storm is out.(暴风雨过去了。)
Her performance is up.(她的表现进步了。)
The plane is down.(飞机降落了。)
The game is nearly through.(比赛快要结束了。)
The sun is up.(太阳升起来了。)
The store is closed now.(商店现在关门了。)
6. 动名词作表语
My favorite sport is swimming.(我最喜欢的运动是游泳。)
Her hobby is painting.(她的爱好是绘画。)
His job is writing novels.(他的工作是写小说。)
The best way to relax is reading.(放松的最好方式是阅读。)
Their pastime is dancing.(他们的消遣是跳舞。)
My daily routine is jogging.(我每天的例行活动是慢跑。)
Her main activity is singing.(她的主要活动是唱歌。)
The key to success is working hard.(成功的关键是努力工作。)
The aim of the club is helping others.(俱乐部的目的是帮助他人。)
The focus of this project is developing new skills.(这个项目的重点是开发新技能。)
7. 不定式作表语
Her dream is to be a singer.(她的梦想是成为一名歌手。)
My goal is to pass the exam.(我的目标是通过考试。)
His wish is to travel abroad.(他的愿望是出国旅行。)
The plan is to build a new school.(计划是建一所新学校。)
Their intention is to help the poor.(他们的意图是帮助穷人。)
My decision is to study harder.(我的决定是更努力地学习。)
Her task is to clean the classroom.(她的任务是打扫教室。)
The purpose of the meeting is to discuss the problem.(会议的目的是讨论这个问题。)
The project's aim is to improve the environment.(这个项目的目标是改善环境。)
The first step is to make a plan.(第一步是制定一个计划。)
8. 介词短语作表语
The book is under the table.(书在桌子下面。)
He is in trouble.(他有麻烦了。)
The picture is on the wall.(画在墙上。)
She is at home.(她在家。)
The keys are in my pocket.(钥匙在我的口袋里。)
The cat is behind the sofa.(猫在沙发后面。)
The town is near the sea.(这个城镇靠近大海。)
He is of medium height.(他中等身高。)
The box is full of toys.(盒子里装满了玩具。)
The house is among the trees.(房子在树林中间。)
9. 从句作表语(表语从句)
The fact is that we have won.(事实是我们赢了。)
Her problem is that she doesn't have enough money.(她的问题是她没有足够的钱。)
The question is whether he will come.(问题是他是否会来。)
The trouble is that I forgot my password.(麻烦的是我忘记了我的密码。)
The truth is that he lied to us.(事实是他对我们撒谎了。)
His suggestion is that we should start early.(他的建议是我们应该早点出发。)
The key point is how we can solve this problem.(关键是我们如何能解决这个问题。)
The mystery is where he hid the treasure.(神秘之处在于他把宝藏藏在哪里了。)
The news is that the concert is cancelled.(消息是音乐会取消了。)
Her belief is that hard work pays off.(她的信念是努力工作会有回报。)