英语:介词短语
在英语中,介词短语是由介词和它后面的名词、代词或相当于名词的其他词类、短语或从句构成的短语。
一、结构与组成
1. 介词 + 名词
例如:at school(在学校),in the park(在公园),on the table(在桌子上)。这里的“school”“park”“table”都是名词,与前面的介词组合成介词短语。
2. 介词 + 代词
例如:with him(和他一起),for her(为她)。“him”“her”是代词,与介词构成介词短语。
3. 介词 + 动名词
例如:by doing homework(通过做家庭作业),after having lunch(在吃完午饭后)。动名词形式在介词后作宾语,组成介词短语。
4. 介词 + 名词性从句
例如:I am thinking about what I should do.(我在想我应该做什么。)这里“what I should do”是一个名词性从句,作介词“about”的宾语,形成介词短语。
二、作用与功能
1. 作状语
表示时间、地点、方式、原因等。例如:He arrived at the station in time.(他及时到达了车站。)“in time”(及时)是介词短语作状语,表示时间。
She is sitting on the chair quietly.(她安静地坐在椅子上。)“on the chair”(在椅子上)是介词短语作状语,表示地点;“quietly”(安静地)是副词作状语,表示方式。
2. 作定语
修饰名词。例如:The book on the desk is mine.(桌子上的书是我的。)“on the desk”(在桌子上)是介词短语作定语,修饰“book”。
3. 作表语
说明主语的状态或特征。例如:He is in good health.(他身体很好。)“in good health”(身体好)是介词短语作表语。
三、常见的介词短语举例
1. 表示时间
at night(在晚上),in the morning(在早上),on Sunday(在周日)。
2. 表示地点
at home(在家),in the classroom(在教室里),on the playground(在操场上)。
3. 表示方式
by bus(乘公交车),with a pen(用钢笔),in English(用英语)。
4. 表示原因
because of the rain(因为下雨),due to illness(由于生病)。
四、学习与运用建议
1. 积累常见介词短语
通过阅读英语文章、观看英语电影等方式,积累常见的介词短语,并注意它们在不同语境中的用法。
2. 分析句子结构
在学习英语句子时,分析其中的介词短语,了解它们在句子中所起的作用,有助于更好地理解句子的含义。
3. 多做练习
做一些关于介词短语的练习题,如填空、选择、翻译等,提高对介词短语的运用能力。
五、高频英语介词短语
1. at home [æt həʊm]、在家、I am at home now.(我现在在家。)
2. at school [æt skuːl]、在学校、He is at school.(他在学校。)
3. in the morning [ɪn ðə ˈmɔːnɪŋ]、在早上、I read books in the morning.(我在早上读书。)
4. in the afternoon [ɪn ði ˌɑːftəˈnuːn]、在下午、She goes shopping in the afternoon.(她在下午去购物。)
5. in the evening [ɪn ði ˈiːvnɪŋ]、在晚上、We watch TV in the evening.(我们在晚上看电视。)
6. on Sunday [ɒn ˈsʌndeɪ]、在周日、I go to the park on Sunday.(我在周日去公园。)
7. on Monday [ɒn ˈmʌndeɪ]、在周一、He has a meeting on Monday.(他在周一有个会议。)
8. at noon [æt nuːn]、在中午、I usually have lunch at noon.(我通常在中午吃午饭。)
9. at midnight [æt ˈmɪdnaɪt]、在午夜、The train arrives at midnight.(火车在午夜到达。)
10. in spring [ɪn sprɪŋ]、在春天、Flowers bloom in spring.(花在春天开放。)
11. in summer [ɪn ˈsʌmə(r)]、在夏天、We go swimming in summer.(我们在夏天去游泳。)
12. in autumn [ɪn ˈɔːtəm]、在秋天、Leaves turn yellow in autumn.(树叶在秋天变黄。)
13. in winter [ɪn ˈwɪntə(r)]、在冬天、We make snowmen in winter.(我们在冬天堆雪人。)
14. on March 1st [ɒn mɑːtʃ ðə fɜːst]、在三月一日、My birthday is on March 1st.(我的生日在三月一日。)
15. by bus [baɪ bʌs]、乘公交车、I go to school by bus.(我乘公交车去上学。)
16. by train [baɪ treɪn]、乘火车、He goes on a trip by train.(他乘火车去旅行。)
17. by plane [baɪ pleɪn]、乘飞机、She travels abroad by plane.(她乘飞机出国。)
18. by ship [baɪ ʃɪp]、乘船、They go on a cruise by ship.(他们乘船去巡航。)
19. on foot [ɒn fʊt]、步行、I go to the park on foot.(我步行去公园。)
20. with a pen [wɪð ə pen]、用钢笔、I write a letter with a pen.(我用钢笔写一封信。)
21. with a knife [wɪð ə naɪf]、用刀、He cuts the fruit with a knife.(他用刀切水果。)
22. in English [ɪn ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ]、用英语、She speaks in English.(她用英语说话。)
23. in Chinese [ɪn ˈtʃaɪniːz]、用中文、He writes in Chinese.(他用中文写字。)
24. because of [bɪˈkɒz əv]、因为、I am late because of the traffic.(我因为交通拥堵而迟到。)
25. due to [djuː tuː]、由于、The meeting is postponed due to bad weather.(会议由于天气不好而被推迟。)
26. thanks to [θæŋks tuː]、多亏、Thanks to your help, I finished my work on time.(多亏你的帮助,我按时完成了工作。)
27. on account of [ɒn əˈkaʊnt əv]、因为、He was absent on account of illness.(他因为生病而缺席。)
28. in front of [ɪn frʌnt əv]、在……前面、There is a tree in front of the house.(房子前面有一棵树。)
29. behind the door [bɪˈhaɪnd ðə dɔː(r)]、在门后面、The cat is behind the door.(猫在门后面。)
30. beside the table [bɪˈsaɪd ðə ˈteɪbl]、在桌子旁边、There is a lamp beside the table.(桌子旁边有一盏灯。)
31. between A and B [bɪˈtwiːn eɪ ənd biː]、在 A 和 B 之间、The book is between the two pencils.(书在两支铅笔之间。)
32. among the crowd [əˈmʌŋ ðə kraʊd]、在人群中、She is standing among the crowd.(她站在人群中。)
33. above the clouds [əˈbʌv ðə klaʊdz]、在云层之上、The plane is flying above the clouds.(飞机在云层之上飞行。)
34. under the table [ˈʌndə(r) ðə ˈteɪbl]、在桌子下面、The cat is sleeping under the table.(猫在桌子下面睡觉。)翻
35. over the bridge [ˈəʊvə(r) ðə brɪdʒ]、在桥上方、The plane is flying over the bridge.(飞机在桥上方飞行。)
36. in addition to [ɪn əˈdɪʃn tuː]、除……之外、In addition to English, I also study French.(除了英语,我还学习法语。)
37. instead of [ɪnˈsted əv]、代替、I will go by bike instead of by car.(我将骑自行车而不是开车去。)
38. according to [əˈkɔːdɪŋ tuː]、根据、According to the plan, we will start tomorrow.(根据计划,我们将在明天开始。)
39. be interested in [biː ˈɪntrəstɪd ɪn]、对……感兴趣、She is interested in music.(她对音乐感兴趣。)
40. be good at [biː ɡʊd æt]、擅长、He is good at swimming.(他擅长游泳。)
41. be famous for [biː ˈfeɪməs fɔː(r)]、因……而著名、This city is famous for its historical buildings.(这个城市因它的历史建筑而著名。)
42. be proud of [biː praʊd ɒv]、为……而骄傲、I am proud of my country.(我为我的国家而骄傲。)
43. at the moment [æt ðə ˈməʊmənt]、此刻、I am busy at the moment.(我此刻很忙。)
44. in the future [ɪn ðə ˈfjuːtʃə(r)]、在未来、We will live a better life in the future.(我们在未来会过上更好的生活。)
45. on the weekend [ɒn ðə ˌwiːkˈend]、在周末、I usually go hiking on the weekend.(我通常在周末去远足。)
46. at the airport [æt ði ˈeəpɔːt]、在机场、He is waiting for his flight at the airport.(他在机场等他的航班。)
47. in the hospital [ɪn ðə ˈhɒspɪtl]、在医院、She is visiting a patient in the hospital.(她在医院看望一个病人。)
48. on the farm [ɒn ðə fɑːm]、在农场、There are many animals on the farm.(农场里有很多动物。)
49. at the station [æt ðə ˈsteɪʃn]、在车站、I meet my friend at the station.(我在车站见我的朋友。)
50. in the library [ɪn ðə ˈlaɪbrəri]、在图书馆、He is reading a book in the library.(他在图书馆看书。)