句子:状语是什么?

1. 状语的定义

状语是用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子的成分。它可以说明动作发生的时间、地点、原因、方式、程度、条件等各种情况,从而使句子的表达更加丰富和准确。例如在句子She sings beautifully.(她唱歌很好听。)中,beautifully就是状语,修饰动词sings,说明唱歌的方式是优美地。

2. 可以充当状语的成分

(1)副词

He runs quickly.(他跑得很快。)中,quickly是副词作状语,修饰动词runs,说明跑的速度是快地。

She speaks English fluently.(她流利地说英语。)fluently是副词作状语,修饰动词speaks,表明说英语的方式是流利地。

(2)介词短语

He is sitting on the chair.(他坐在椅子上。)on the chair是介词短语作状语,说明动作sitting发生的地点是在椅子上。

They are working in the office.(他们在办公室工作。)in the office是介词短语作状语,表明工作的地点是在办公室。

(3)不定式

He went there to see his friend.(他去那里看他的朋友。)to see his friend是不定式作状语,表示去的目的是看他的朋友。

She studies hard to pass the exam.(她努力学习为了通过考试。)to pass the exam是不定式作状语,说明努力学习的目的是通过考试。

(4)分词(现在分词和过去分词)

    (a)现在分词:Walking in the park, she saw a beautiful flower.(在公园里散步时,她看到了一朵美丽的花。)Walking in the park是现在分词短语作状语,表示时间,即在散步的时候。

    (b)过去分词:Given more time, I can finish the work.(如果给我更多的时间,我能完成这项工作。)Given more time是过去分词短语作状语,表示条件,即如果被给予更多时间。

(5)从句(状语从句)

When I was young, I liked playing basketball.(当我年轻时,我喜欢打篮球。)When I was young是时间状语从句,说明喜欢打篮球的时间是当我年轻时。

If it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home.(如果明天下雨,我们就待在家里。)If it rains tomorrow是条件状语从句,表明待在家里的条件是如果明天下雨。

3. 状语的位置

状语在句子中的位置比较灵活,可以放在句首句中句末

Yesterday, I went to the park.(昨天,我去了公园。)状语Yesterday放在句首。

I often go to school by bike.(我经常骑自行车去上学。)状语often放在动词go之前。

She sings beautifully in the room.(她在房间里优美地唱歌。)状语in the room放在句末。

4. 不同类型的状语

(1)时间状语:表示动作发生的时间,如yesterday(昨天)today(今天)tomorrow(明天)now(现在)soon(不久)等。例如:I will go to the cinema tomorrow.(我明天将去电影院。)

(2)地点状语:说明动作发生的地点,如at home(在家)in the school(在学校)on the street(在街上)等。例如:He is playing football on the playground.(他正在操场上踢足球。)

(3)原因状语:解释动作发生的原因,如because of(因为)due to(由于)for(因为)等。例如:He was late for school because of the traffic jam.(他因为交通堵塞上学迟到了。)

(4)方式状语:描述动作的方式,如slowly(慢慢地)quickly(快速地)carefully(仔细地)等。例如:She writes carefully.(她认真地写。)

(5)程度状语:表示动作的程度,如very(非常)quite(相当)extremely(极其)等。例如:The book is very interesting.(这本书非常有趣。)

(6)条件状语:给出动作发生的条件,如if(如果)unless(除非)as long as(只要)等。例如:If it rains, we will stay at home.(如果下雨,我们就待在家里。)

(7)目的状语:说明动作的目的,如to(为了)in order to(为了)so as to(以便)等。例如:He studies hard in order to get good grades.(他努力学习为了取得好成绩。)

(8)结果状语:表示动作的结果,如so...that...(如此……以至于……)such...that...(如此……以至于……)等。例如:He is so tired that he can't walk anymore.(他如此累以至于不能再走了。)

各种状语的例子:

1. 副词作状语

She dances gracefully.(她优雅地跳舞。)

He drives slowly.(他慢慢地开车。)

The dog barks loudly.(狗大声地叫。)

They work hard.(他们努力地工作。)

The sun shines brightly.(太阳明亮地照耀着。)

She answered the question correctly.(她正确地回答了问题。)

He runs extremely fast.(他跑得极快。)

The baby sleeps soundly.(婴儿睡得很香。)

The old man walks unsteadily.(老人走路不稳。)

She smiled sweetly.(她甜甜地笑了。)

2. 介词短语作状语

He is standing against the wall.(他靠墙站着。)

She left after the meeting.(会议结束后她离开了。)

The book is on the table.(书在桌子上。)

They played football in the park.(他们在公园里踢足球。)

He is from America.(他来自美国。)

She sat beside her mother.(她坐在她妈妈旁边。)

The plane flew over the mountains.(飞机飞过山脉。)

They swam across the river.(他们游过了河。)

The cat hid under the bed.(猫藏在床底下。)

He walked through the forest.(他穿过森林。)

3. 不定式作状语(目的状语)

He got up early to catch the first bus.(他早起是为了赶上第一班公共汽车。)

She went to the library to borrow some books.(她去图书馆是为了借一些书。)

They practiced hard to win the game.(他们努力练习是为了赢得比赛。)

He saved money to buy a new house.(他存钱是为了买一所新房子。)

She studied hard to enter a good university.(她努力学习是为了进入一所好大学。)

The boy ran fast to get home on time.(男孩跑得很快是为了准时到家。)

They climbed the mountain to enjoy the view.(他们爬山是为了欣赏风景。)

She learned cooking to make delicious meals for her family.(她学习烹饪是为了给家人做美味的饭菜。)

He worked overtime to earn more money.(他加班是为了挣更多的钱。)

They joined the club to make more friends.(他们加入俱乐部是为了交更多的朋友。)

4. 现在分词作状语(时间状语)

Reading a book, he didn't notice the time passing.(他在读书的时候,没有注意到时间的流逝。)

Walking in the street, she met an old friend.(她在街上走的时候,遇见了一个老朋友。)

Looking out of the window, he saw a beautiful sunset.(他往窗外看的时候,看到了美丽的日落。)

Working in the garden, they heard a strange noise.(他们在花园里干活的时候,听到了一个奇怪的声音。)

Driving to work, he listened to the radio.(他开车去上班的时候,听着收音机。)

Typing the report, she found a mistake.(她在打报告的时候,发现了一个错误。)

Waiting for the bus, they talked about their plans.(他们在等公共汽车的时候,谈论着他们的计划。)

Playing football, the boy hurt his leg.(男孩在踢足球的时候,伤到了腿。)

Singing a song, she felt happy.(她在唱歌的时候,感觉很快乐。)

Cleaning the classroom, the students worked together.(学生们在打扫教室的时候,一起干活。)

5. 过去分词作状语(条件状语)

Given more time, he could do it better.(如果给他更多的时间,他可以做得更好。)

Seen from the top of the hill, the town looks beautiful.(从山顶上看,这个城镇看起来很美。)

Compared with others, he is more hard - working.(和别人相比,他更勤奋。)

Trapped in the elevator, she felt very scared.(被困在电梯里,她感到非常害怕。)

Shocked by the news, he couldn't say a word.(被这个消息震惊了,他一句话也说不出来。)

Tired after a long day's work, he went straight to bed.(经过一整天的工作后很累,他直接上床睡觉了。)

Lost in the forest, the hikers had to call for help.(在森林里迷路了,徒步旅行者不得不呼救。)

Frightened by the thunder, the dog hid under the table.(被雷声吓到了,狗躲在桌子下面。)

Separated from his family, he felt lonely.(和家人分开后,他感到很孤独。)

Injured in the accident, he was sent to the hospital immediately.(在事故中受伤后,他立刻被送往医院。)

6. 状语从句作状语(时间状语从句)

When I got home, my mother was cooking.(当我到家的时候,我妈妈正在做饭。)

While I was reading, my sister was watching TV.(我在读书的时候,我妹妹在看电视。)

As soon as he saw me, he waved his hand.(他一看到我,就挥了挥手。)

Before I went to bed, I checked my emails.(我睡觉之前,检查了我的电子邮件。)

After he finished his homework, he played computer games.(他完成作业后,玩了电脑游戏。)

Since I came to this school, I have made many friends.(自从我来到这所学校,我交了很多朋友。)

Until you tell me the truth, I won't believe you.(直到你告诉我真相,我才会相信你。)

Whenever I am in trouble, my friends will help me.(无论我什么时候遇到困难,我的朋友们都会帮助我。)

By the time he arrived, the meeting had already started.(他到达的时候,会议已经开始了。)

As I was walking in the park, I saw a lovely dog.(我在公园散步的时候,看到了一只可爱的狗。)

7. 状语从句作状语(地点状语从句)

Where there is a will, there is a way.(有志者,事竟成。)

Put the book where you found it.(把书放回你找到它的地方。)

Stay where you are.(待在你现在所在的地方。)

You can sit wherever you like.(你可以坐在你喜欢的任何地方。)

The plants grow best where there is enough sunlight.(植物在有充足阳光的地方长得最好。)

They will build a house where the old factory used to be.(他们将在旧工厂原来的地方建一所房子。)

She always feels happy where her family is.(她在家人所在的地方总是感到快乐。)

He left his keys where he had lunch.(他把钥匙落在他吃午饭的地方了。)

The accident happened where the road was narrow.(事故发生在路很窄的地方。)

Birds like to build nests where it's safe.(鸟喜欢在安全的地方筑巢。)

8. 状语从句作状语(原因状语从句)

Because it rained heavily, we had to stay at home.(因为雨下得很大,我们不得不待在家里。)

As he was ill, he didn't go to school.(因为他生病了,他没去上学。)

Since you are here, you can help me.(既然你在这儿,你可以帮我。)

He didn't come because of the traffic jam.(他没来是因为交通堵塞。)

Now that you have grown up, you should be independent.(既然你已经长大了,你应该独立。)

Owing to the bad weather, the flight was cancelled.(由于天气不好,航班被取消了。)

Due to his hard work, he got a promotion.(由于他的努力工作,他得到了晋升。)

He was late for the meeting because he missed the bus.(他开会迟到是因为他错过了公共汽车。)

As the exam is coming soon, we should study hard.(因为考试快要到了,我们应该努力学习。)

She was crying because she lost her doll.(她在哭是因为她丢了她的洋娃娃。)

9. 状语从句作状语(方式状语从句)

Do as I tell you.(照我说的做。)

He walks as if he were drunk.(他走路好像喝醉了一样。)

She looks at me as though she doesn't know me.(她看着我,好像不认识我一样。)

They completed the work just as they had planned.(他们正如他们计划的那样完成了工作。)

He answered the question in the same way as his teacher taught him.(他按照他老师教他的同样方式回答了问题。)

The boy ran as fast as his brother.(这个男孩跑得和他哥哥一样快。)

She sings as beautifully as a professional singer.(她唱歌和专业歌手一样动听。)

They worked as hard as they could.(他们尽可能努力地工作。)

He behaved as he was told.(他按照被告知的那样行事。)

She danced as gracefully as a ballerina.(她跳舞和芭蕾舞演员一样优雅。)

10. 状语从句作状语(条件状语从句)

If it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home.(如果明天下雨,我们就待在家里。)

Unless you work hard, you won't succeed.(除非你努力工作,否则你不会成功。)

As long as you keep trying, you will make progress.(只要你不断尝试,你就会进步。)

If you don't hurry up, you'll be late.(如果你不快点,你会迟到的。)

In case it snows, we should prepare some warm clothes.(万一下雪,我们应该准备些暖和的衣服。)

Suppose you are wrong, what will you do?(假如你错了,你会怎么做?)

On condition that you come back early, I'll let you go.(条件是你早点回来,我就让你走。)

Even if it's difficult, we won't give up.(即使很困难,我们也不会放弃。)

Provided that you have enough money, you can buy a new car.(倘若你有足够的钱,你可以买一辆新车。)

If you study hard, you will get good grades.(如果你努力学习,你会取得好成绩。)

英语基础

句子:状语是什么?