常用成语 第124天 中考成语 高考成语

张牙舞爪

1. 拼音：zhāng yá wǔ zhuǎ

2. 意思：形容猛兽凶狠的样子，现多比喻人猖狂嚣张、穷凶极恶地炫耀威势，或举止动作夸张、装腔作势。

3. 出处：出自唐代敦煌变文集《孔子项托相问书》：“龙不与蛇斗，鸡不与狗争，张牙舞爪，彼此伤损。”后在明代吴承恩《西游记》等作品中也有使用，形容姿态凶恶。

4. 近义词：

耀武扬威（炫耀武力、显示威风，形容得意张扬的样子）

气势汹汹（态度、声势凶猛嚣张，极具威胁性）

凶相毕露（凶恶的面目完全暴露出来，强调本性的歹毒）

5. 反义词：

和蔼可亲（态度温和，容易接近，没有威胁感）

平易近人（性情平和，待人亲切，不摆架子）

温文尔雅（举止文雅，态度温和，强调修养与礼貌）

6. 例句及英文翻译：

歹徒持刀张牙舞爪地威胁路人，最终被警察制服。

The gangster threatened passers-by with a knife in a menacing manner, and was finally subdued by the police.

这部动画里的怪物张牙舞爪的样子，让孩子们既害怕又好奇。

The monster in this animation looks menacing with its teeth bared and claws raised, making children both afraid and curious.

他不过是仗着背后有人撑腰，才敢在这儿张牙舞爪。

He dares to act arrogantly here only because he has someone to back him up.

台风来临前，狂风卷着暴雨张牙舞爪地席卷了整个城市。

Before the typhoon hit, the wind and rain swept through the city in a menacing manner.

网络上总有一些人张牙舞爪地发表攻击性言论，却不敢暴露真实身份。

There are always some people on the Internet who make aggressive remarks in a swaggering manner but dare not reveal their true identities.

动物园里的老虎睡醒后张牙舞爪，吓得游客纷纷后退。

The tiger in the zoo bared its teeth and waved its claws after waking up, scaring the tourists back.

这个反派角色在剧中张牙舞爪的表演，给观众留下了深刻印象。

The villain's menacing performance in the play left a deep impression on the audience.

别被他张牙舞爪的样子吓倒，其实他内心很怯懦。

Don't be intimidated by his swaggering appearance; in fact, he is very cowardly inside.

某些企业为了抢占市场，张牙舞爪地打压竞争对手，最终触犯了法律。

Some enterprises suppress competitors in a menacing manner to seize the market, and finally violate the law.

孩子们玩“怪兽抓迷藏”时，总喜欢张牙舞爪地模仿怪物。

When children play "monster hide-and-seek", they always like to imitate monsters with their teeth bared and claws raised.

何罪之有

1. 拼音：hé zuì zhī yǒu

2. 意思：表示反问，强调某人或某事没有任何过错，不应被指责或惩罚，相当于“有什么罪呢”。

3. 出处：出自《吕氏春秋·审应览·审应》：“魏惠王谓韩昭侯曰：‘夫郑乃韩氏亡躯，愿君之封其后也。’昭侯曰：‘昔者郑伯之所亡者，何罪之有？’”后在《史记·廉颇蔺相如列传》等文献中也有类似用法，用于强调无辜性。

4. 近义词：

无罪推定（在未被证明有罪前，应视为无罪）

问心无愧（行为端正，没有愧疚之处）

清白无辜（没有任何过错或罪证）

5. 反义词：

罪大恶极（罪行严重，恶贯满盈）

恶有恶报（做坏事会得到应有的惩罚）

咎由自取（过错由自身引起，应承担责任）

6. 例句及英文翻译：

他只是如实陈述事实，何罪之有？

He was just telling the truth—what sin does he have?

帮助他人本是善举，何罪之有？

Helping others is a kind act—what guilt is there in that?

学者坚持学术真理，何罪之有？

Scholars adhering to academic truth—what wrongdoing is there?

孩子出于好奇探索世界，何罪之有？

Children exploring the world out of curiosity—what fault is there?

公民依法表达诉求，何罪之有？

Citizens expressing demands according to law—what offense is there?

作家创作反映现实的作品，何罪之有？

Writers creating works that reflect reality—what sin is there?

科研人员探索未知领域，何罪之有？

Researchers exploring uncharted territories—what guilt is there?

普通人坚守良知底线，何罪之有？

Ordinary people upholding the bottom line of conscience—what fault is there?

记者揭露真相以正视听，何罪之有？

Journalists exposing the truth to clarify facts—what offense is there?

历史人物顺应时代潮流变革，何罪之有？

Historical figures advancing reforms in line with the trend of the times—what sin is there?

大是大非

1. 拼音：dà shì dà fēi

2. 意思：指带有原则性、根本性的重大是非问题，强调在立场、观点上的重大分歧或对错判断。

3. 出处：出自宋代朱熹《朱子语类》卷三十四：“大是大非处，是当分明理会。”后在近代文献中常用来指重大的原则性问题。

4. 近义词：

大是大非（同义重复，强调原则性重大问题）

泾渭分明（比喻界限清楚，是非善恶分明）

大节不亏（在重大节操问题上没有缺失，坚守原则）

5. 反义词：

混淆是非（故意把正确的说成错误的，颠倒是非）

不分皂白（不区分黑白对错，形容无原则）

是非不分（无法辨别正确与错误，缺乏判断）

6. 例句及英文翻译：

在大是大非面前，每个人都应坚守原则，不能随波逐流。

In the face of major issues of right and wrong, everyone should stick to principles and not go with the flow.

这部小说通过描写人物在大是大非中的选择，展现了人性的光辉。

The novel shows the brilliance of human nature by depicting characters' choices in major matters of right and wrong.

教育的重要目标之一，是培养学生在大是大非前的判断能力。

One of the important goals of education is to cultivate students' ability to judge in the face of major right and wrong.

历史上的伟人，往往能在大是大非时刻做出正确抉择。

Great people in history often made correct choices in moments of major right and wrong.

讨论问题时应先分清大是大非，再纠结细节。

When discussing issues, we should first distinguish major right and wrong before getting tangled in details.

媒体在报道事件时，需坚守立场，明确大是大非。

When reporting events, the media needs to stick to its position and clarify major right and wrong.

年轻人在成长中，要学会在大是大非前保持清醒头脑。

In the process of growing up, young people should learn to keep a clear mind in the face of major right and wrong.

团队决策时，大是大非的问题绝不能妥协退让。

In team decision-making, major issues of right and wrong must not be compromised.

文学作品不应回避社会大是大非，而应引发思考。

Literary works should not avoid major social issues of right and wrong, but should trigger thinking.

回顾历史，民族的进步往往始于对大是大非的重新认知。

Looking back on history, the progress of a nation often begins with a new understanding of major right and wrong.

非此即彼

1. 拼音：fēi cǐ jí bǐ

2. 意思：表示在两种情况中只能选择一种，不是这一个，就是那一个，强调二者必居其一的排他性选择，没有中间状态。

3. 出处：该成语由近代逻辑思维与汉语表达结合形成，非传统古籍固定出处，常用于描述二元对立的思维模式或选择场景。

4. 近义词：

二者必居其一（强调两种选择中必须选其一，无其他可能）

非黑即白（比喻看待问题简单化，仅用对错、好坏划分，忽略中间状态）

别无选择（指没有其他选项，只能在限定范围内抉择）

5. 反义词：

模棱两可（对问题的态度或主张不明确，既不肯定也不否定）

兼而有之（同时具备或占有两种事物，不局限于单一选择）

中庸之道（指不偏不倚、折中调和的处世态度，反对极端化选择）

6. 例句及英文翻译：

人生的选择并非非此即彼，有时存在第三条道路。

Choices in life are not either-or; sometimes there is a third path.

看待事物不能非此即彼，要学会辩证思考。

We should not view things in an either-or manner but learn to think dialectically.

他总认为事情非此即彼，却忽略了复杂的中间地带。

He always thinks things are either-or, but ignores the complex middle ground.

谈判中若坚持非此即彼的态度，很难达成共识。

If we insist on an either-or attitude in negotiations, it is difficult to reach a consensus.

教育理念不应非此即彼，而应融合多元方法。

Educational concepts should not be either-or but integrate diverse methods.

艺术创作的评价标准并非非此即彼，存在丰富的审美维度。

The evaluation criteria for artistic creation are not either-or; there are rich aesthetic dimensions.

解决问题时，非此即彼的思维会限制创新思路。

In problem-solving, either-or thinking restricts innovative ideas.

人际关系中，不必将他人划分为非此即彼的阵营。

In interpersonal relationships, there is no need to divide others into either-or camps.

气候政策的制定不能非此即彼，需兼顾环保与经济发展。

The formulation of climate policies cannot be either-or; it needs to balance environmental protection and economic development.

历史研究若陷入非此即彼的判断，会偏离客观事实。

If historical research falls into either-or judgments, it will deviate from objective facts.

洞若观火

1. 拼音：dòng ruò guān huǒ

2. 意思：形容观察事物非常清楚，如同看火一样明白透彻，强调对事物本质、态势的深刻洞察与精准把握。

3. 出处：出自《尚书·盘庚上》：“予若观火。”后在清代刘鹗《老残游记》中演变为“洞若观火”，沿用至今。

4. 近义词：

明察秋毫（形容目光敏锐，连细微之处都能看清）

了如指掌（对事物了解得非常清楚，像把东西放在手掌里给人看一样）

一目了然（一眼就能看清楚，形容事物简单明了）

5. 反义词：

雾里看花（比喻看事情不真切，认识模糊）

大惑不解（感到非常迷惑，不能理解）

冥顽不灵（形容愚昧固执，无法洞察事物）

6. 例句及英文翻译：

他对局势洞若观火，早已预判到事件的走向。

He saw the situation as clearly as fire and had already predicted the trend of the event.

经济学家对市场规律洞若观火，总能给出精准分析。

Economists see market laws as clearly as fire and can always give accurate analyses.

侦探通过细节推理，对案情洞若观火。

The detective saw the case as clearly as fire through detailed reasoning.

老师对学生的性格特点洞若观火，总能因材施教。

The teacher sees students' character traits as clearly as fire and can always teach according to their aptitudes.

历史学者对朝代兴衰洞若观火，揭示出背后的必然规律。

Historians see the rise and fall of dynasties as clearly as fire, revealing the inevitable laws behind them.

企业家对行业趋势洞若观火，提前布局新的发展方向。

Entrepreneurs see industry trends as clearly as fire and layout new development directions in advance.

她洞若观火般识破了对方的谎言，令其哑口无言。

She saw through the other party's lies as clearly as fire, leaving them speechless.

战略家对国际形势洞若观火，为国家制定长远规划。

Strategists see the international situation as clearly as fire and formulate long-term plans for the country.

通过数据建模，科学家对气候变化的影响洞若观火。

Through data modeling, scientists see the impact of climate change as clearly as fire.

文学评论家对作品的隐喻手法洞若观火，解读出深层内涵。

Literary critics see the metaphorical techniques of works as clearly as fire and interpret the deep connotations.

不敢造次

1. 拼音：bù gǎn zào cì

2. 意思：指行事谨慎，不敢轻率、鲁莽地行动，多形容对人或事持有敬畏之心，态度庄重而不敢随意造作。

3. 出处：出自明代罗贯中《三国演义》第一百零五回：“臣安敢造次？”其语源可追溯至《论语·季氏》“言未及之而言谓之躁，言及之而不言谓之隐，未见颜色而言谓之瞽”，后演化为“不敢造次”，强调言行审慎。

4. 近义词：

谨言慎行（言行谨慎，不敢随意发表言论或行动）

小心翼翼（形容举动十分谨慎，丝毫不敢疏忽）

如履薄冰（比喻行事极为谨慎，存有戒心）

5. 反义词：

肆无忌惮（任意妄为，毫无顾忌）

轻举妄动（不经慎重考虑，轻率地采取行动）

草率行事（形容做事不认真、不谨慎，马马虎虎）

6. 例句及英文翻译：

面对权威专家，他不敢造次，认真聆听每一个观点。

In the face of authoritative experts, he did not dare to act rashly and listened carefully to every opinion.

初到新环境，她处处小心，不敢造次。

When she first arrived in the new environment, she was cautious everywhere and did not dare to act rashly.

这是重要的合同谈判，团队成员都不敢造次。

This is an important contract negotiation, and team members dare not act rashly.

对传统文化，我们应心怀敬畏，不敢造次篡改。

For traditional culture, we should be in awe and dare not tamper with it rashly.

他深知此事后果严重，不敢造次决定。

He was well aware of the serious consequences of this matter and did not dare to make a rash decision.

在庄严的博物馆里，游客们都不敢造次喧哗。

In the solemn museum, visitors dare not make a rash noise.

领导交代的任务关系重大，他不敢造次敷衍。

The task assigned by the leader is of great importance, and he dare not perfunctorily deal with it rashly.

面对复杂的局势，指挥官不敢造次下达指令。

Facing the complex situation, the commander did not dare to issue orders rashly.

对于前辈的经验之谈，年轻人不敢造次反驳。

For the experience of seniors, young people dare not refute rashly.

这门古老的技艺传承不易，传承人不敢造次创新。

This ancient craft is not easy to inherit, and inheritors dare not innovate rashly.

青红皂白

1. 拼音：qīng hóng zào bái

2. 意思：原指青、红、黑、白四种颜色，后比喻事情的是非曲直或情由，常用于否定句中，表示不分是非对错地处理事情。

3. 出处：出自明代凌濛初《二刻拍案惊奇》卷十六：“州官得过了贿赂，那管青红皂白，竟断道：‘夏家欠林家二千两。’”其雏形可追溯至元代马致远《青衫泪》楔子：“可怎生不辨个青红皂白。”

4. 近义词：

是非曲直（指事情的对错和缘由）

黑白分明（比喻是非界限清楚）

来龙去脉（比喻事情的前因后果）

5. 反义词：

是非不分（不辨对错，糊里糊涂）

混淆黑白（故意把对的说成错的，错的说成对的）

皂白不分（不分是非善恶）

6. 例句及英文翻译：

他不问青红皂白就指责别人，显得十分鲁莽。

He accused others without distinguishing right from wrong, which seemed very reckless.

法官必须明辨青红皂白，才能做出公正判决。

A judge must distinguish between right and wrong to make a fair judgment.

你怎么能青红皂白不分，随便冤枉人呢？

How can you confuse right and wrong and wrong people casually?

调查清楚前，切勿轻易断言青红皂白。

Do not easily assert right and wrong before investigating clearly.

孩子吵架时，家长应先问青红皂白，再做处理。

When children quarrel, parents should first ask about the rights and wrongs before dealing with them.

这部小说巧妙揭示了现实中青红皂白难分的复杂人性。

This novel cleverly reveals the complex human nature in which right and wrong are difficult to distinguish in reality.

网络上的言论需谨慎，勿被不实信息混淆青红皂白。

Words on the Internet need to be cautious, and do not be confused by false information.

他被愤怒冲昏头脑，全然不顾青红皂白地发泄情绪。

He was carried away by anger and vented his emotions regardless of right and wrong.

历史研究的价值在于厘清青红皂白，还原事件真相。

The value of historical research lies in clarifying right and wrong and restoring the truth of events.

真正的智者能在矛盾中辨明青红皂白，不被表象迷惑。

A real wise man can distinguish right and wrong in contradictions and not be confused by appearances.

五花大绑

1. 拼音：wǔ huā dà bǎng

2. 意思：原指用绳索按特定方式将人身体多处捆绑（如脖颈、手臂、手腕等），使被绑者难以动弹，现多比喻被各种条件或规则束缚，也可形容事物被复杂因素牵制的状态。

3. 出处：出自清代钱彩《说岳全传》第三十回：“岳飞大吼一声，就把王横捆得像个粽子，叫两个家将：‘与我拖到后边去！’这叫做‘五花大绑’。”其捆绑方式在古代刑狱、战争场景中常见，后演变为成语。

4. 近义词：

束手束脚（形容因顾虑多而不敢放手做事）

缚手缚脚（比喻受到束缚，无法自由行动）

桎梏缠身（指被枷锁般的事物束缚）

5. 反义词：

无拘无束（不受任何约束，自由自在）

逍遥自在（形容没有牵挂，十分自由舒适）

解甲释兵（比喻放下束缚，恢复自由）

6. 例句及英文翻译：

电影中，反派将主角五花大绑，试图逼问秘密。

In the movie, the villain tied the protagonist up tightly to try to extract secrets.

他被繁琐的流程五花大绑，工作效率大幅下降。

He was tied up by tedious procedures, and work efficiency dropped sharply.

旧观念如同无形的绳索，将人们的思想五花大绑。

Old ideas are like invisible ropes, binding people's minds tightly.

探险者不慎落入陷阱，被藤蔓五花大绑困在树下。

The explorer accidentally fell into a trap and was tied up by vines under the tree.

传统礼教曾将女性五花大绑，限制其社会发展空间。

Traditional ethics once bound women tightly, restricting their social development space.

项目因资金短缺和人力不足，仿佛被五花大绑般停滞不前。

Due to lack of funds and manpower, the project was stagnant as if tied up.

小说里的英雄即使被五花大绑，也从未放弃反抗。

Even when tied up, the hero in the novel never gave up resistance.

过度的保护如同五花大绑，让孩子失去独立成长的机会。

Excessive protection is like being tied up, making children lose the opportunity to grow independently.

他感觉自己被世俗的眼光五花大绑，不敢追求真正的梦想。

He felt tied up by worldly眼光 and dared not pursue his true dream.

谈判陷入僵局，双方如同被五花大绑般难以做出让步。

The negotiation was deadlocked, and both sides were as difficult to concede as if tied up.

得寸进尺

1. 拼音：dé cùn jìn chǐ

2. 意思：得到一寸就想再进一尺，比喻贪心不足，欲望越来越大，贪得无厌，逐步地侵占更多利益。

3. 出处：出自《战国策·秦策三》：“王不如远交而近攻，得寸则王之寸，得尺亦王之尺也。”后演变为“得寸进尺”，用来形容贪念的逐步扩张。

4. 近义词：

贪得无厌（贪心永远没有满足的时候）

得陇望蜀（已经取得陇右，还想攻取西蜀，比喻贪得无厌）

欲壑难填（欲望像深谷一样，很难填满，形容贪心极重）

5. 反义词：

知足常乐（知道满足就经常快乐，形容对现状满足而自得其乐）

适可而止（到了适当的程度就停止，指做事不过分）

见好就收（见到形势有利就收手，比喻做事懂得分寸）

6. 例句及英文翻译：

对待贪婪的人不能让步，否则他只会得寸进尺。

You can't give in to greedy people, or they will only be more insatiable.

他刚得到加薪就要求升职，真是得寸进尺。

He just got a raise and then asked for a promotion—he's really pushing his luck.

商家若对客户的无理要求得寸进尺，终将失去信任。

If businesses keep catering to customers' unreasonable demands, they will eventually lose trust.

孩子的不合理要求若被纵容，容易养成得寸进尺的习惯。

If children's unreasonable demands are indulged, they easily develop the habit of being insatiable.

谈判中对方得寸进尺，我方不得不终止协商。

The other party was pushing for more in the negotiation, so we had to terminate the consultation.

历史上的侵略者总是得寸进尺，最终引发反抗。

Invaders in history always pushed their luck, eventually triggering resistance.

他借了钱却得寸进尺，又要求借车，实在过分。

He borrowed money and then pushed for more by asking to borrow a car—it's really too much.

别对他人得寸进尺，要懂得适可而止。

Don't be insatiable with others; know when to stop.

职场中若遇得寸进尺的同事，需明确拒绝边界。

If you meet colleagues who push their luck in the workplace, you need to clearly refuse their boundaries.

消费者权益需维护，但不应得寸进尺提出无理索赔。

Consumer rights need to be protected, but we should not be insatiable and put forward unreasonable claims.

过目不忘

1. 拼音：guò mù bù wàng

2. 意思：看过一眼就不会忘记，形容人的记忆力极强，对所见事物印象深刻且能迅速记忆。

3. 出处：出自《晋书·苻融载记》：“融聪辩明慧，下笔成章，至于谈玄论道，虽道安无以出之。耳闻则诵，过目不忘，时人拟之王粲。”后用于形容记忆力超群的特质。

4. 近义词：

过目成诵（看一遍就能背诵出来，形容记忆力极强）

博闻强识（形容知识丰富，记忆力强）

过目辄记（看过就记住，强调记忆的敏捷性）

5. 反义词：

转瞬即忘（转眼就忘记了，形容记忆力差）

丢三落四（形容做事马虎粗心，不是丢了这个，就是忘了那个）

浅尝辄忘（接触过的事物容易忘记，记忆不深刻）

6. 例句及英文翻译：

他天生过目不忘，任何复杂的公式看一遍就能记住。

He has a natural ability to never forget what he sees, and can memorize any complex formula at a glance.

书中的精彩情节让她过目不忘，多年后仍能清晰复述。

The wonderful plots in the book made her never forget them, and she could still retell them clearly years later.

侦探凭借过目不忘的本领，迅速锁定了嫌疑人的体貌特征。

Relying on his ability to remember at first sight, the detective quickly identified the suspect's physical characteristics.

这位老学者过目不忘，对古籍中的细节如数家珍。

The old scholar never forgets what he has seen and is familiar with the details in ancient books.

她过目不忘的记忆力，让背诵课文对她来说轻而易举。

Her memory of never forgetting what she has seen makes reciting texts easy for her.

密码专家过目不忘，能瞬间记住上百组复杂密码。

The password expert never forgets what he sees and can remember hundreds of complex passwords in an instant.

电影中的经典镜头令人过目不忘，成为时代的记忆符号。

The classic scenes in the movie are unforgettable and have become symbolic memories of the era.

他过目不忘的特质，让他在速记比赛中屡次夺冠。

His ability to never forget what he sees has made him win many times in shorthand competitions.

历史老师过目不忘，能准确说出每个事件的具体日期。

The history teacher never forgets what he has seen and can accurately name the specific date of each event.

画家过目不忘，能将街头偶遇的场景完整还原到画布上。

The painter never forgets what he sees and can completely restore the scenes he encounters on the street to the canvas.

不合时宜

1. 拼音：bù hé shí yí

2. 意思：指不符合当时的时代潮流或形势需要，形容言行、事物与当下的环境、时机不相协调。

3. 出处：出自《汉书·袁帝纪》：“皆违经背古，不合时宜。”原指政策制度违背经典古制，后泛指与时代需求不符。

4. 近义词：

不适时宜（言行或事物不符合当下的时机与环境）

格格不入（形容彼此不协调，不相容）

背时违俗（违背时代潮流和世俗习惯）

5. 反义词：

应时合节（言行或事物符合时代需求与时机）

与时俱进（随着时代的发展而不断进步，与时代同步）

合时宜（与当下的环境、时机相契合）

6. 例句及英文翻译：

他在严肃的会议上开玩笑，显得格外不合时宜。

His joke at the serious meeting seemed extremely out of place.

穿厚重的羽绒服参加夏日派对，显然不合时宜。

Wearing a thick down jacket to a summer party is obviously inappropriate for the occasion.

用过时的营销策略推广新产品，只会显得不合时宜。

Using outdated marketing strategies to promote new products will only seem out of touch with the times.

长辈的有些观念虽不合时宜，但仍蕴含着传统智慧。

Although some of the elders' concepts are out of step with the times, they still contain traditional wisdom.

电影中角色的复古装扮在现代剧情里显得不合时宜。

The retro costumes of the characters in the movie seem out of place in the modern plot.

会议上提出的方案因不合时宜，最终被投票否决。

The proposal put forward at the meeting was voted down because it was not appropriate for the time.

他总说些不合时宜的话，导致社交场合屡屡尴尬。

He always says inappropriate things, causing repeated embarrassment in social situations.

传统戏曲若不创新，可能会因不合时宜而失去年轻观众。

If traditional operas do not innovate, they may lose young audiences because they are out of touch with the times.

在科技论坛上大谈手工技艺，未免有些不合时宜。

Talking at length about handicrafts at a technology forum is somewhat out of place.

这条古老的家规如今看来已不合时宜，需重新审视。

This ancient family rule seems outdated now and needs to be re-evaluated.

长幼有序

1. 拼音：zhǎng yòu yǒu xù

2. 意思：指年长和年幼的人之间要有尊卑先后的次序，形容在家庭、社会中遵循长幼尊卑的伦理规范，强调秩序与礼仪。

3. 出处：出自《荀子·君子篇》：“故尚贤使能，则主尊下安；贵贱有等，则令行而不流；亲疏有分，则施行而不悖；长幼有序，则事业捷成而有所休。”后多用于体现传统伦理中的秩序观念。

4. 近义词：

尊卑有序（指地位高低和长幼之间有严格的次序）

长幼有别（强调年长与年幼者之间应有的区别和礼仪秩序）

伦理有序（指社会伦理关系中遵循长幼、尊卑的秩序）

5. 反义词：

长幼无序（年长和年幼的人之间没有尊卑先后的秩序，违背伦理规范）

尊卑不分（不区分地位高低和长幼尊卑，形容秩序混乱）

无序犯上（违背长幼秩序，对长辈或上级缺乏尊重）

6. 例句及英文翻译：

传统家庭中，长幼有序的礼仪体现在用餐时长辈先动筷。

In traditional families, the order of seniority is reflected in the etiquette that elders start eating first at meals.

他从小受家教影响，深知长幼有序的道理，对长辈始终恭敬有礼。

Influenced by family education since childhood, he深知 the principle of order between the old and the young, and has always been respectful to elders.

这场家族聚会严格遵循长幼有序的规矩，座位安排按辈分排列。

This family gathering strictly follows the rule of order between the old and the young, and the seating is arranged according to seniority.

虽然时代变迁，但长幼有序的基本伦理仍应被尊重和传承。

Although times have changed, the basic ethics of order between the old and the young should still be respected and inherited.

学校礼仪课教导学生长幼有序，见到老师需主动问好。

Etiquette classes in schools teach students to order between the old and the young, and they should take the initiative to say hello when seeing teachers.

剧中角色因打破长幼有序的传统，引发了家族内部的矛盾。

The character in the play triggered conflicts within the family because he broke the tradition of order between the old and the young.

长幼有序并非盲目顺从，而是在尊重中维系家庭和谐。

Order between the old and the young is not blind obedience, but maintaining family harmony in respect.

在传统节日中，长幼有序的仪式感让家族纽带更加紧密。

In traditional festivals, the sense of ritual of order between the old and the young makes family bonds closer.

这位学者认为，长幼有序的文化内涵有助于构建和谐的社会关系。

This scholar believes that the cultural connotation of order between the old and the young helps to build harmonious social relations.

尽管现代观念更强调平等，但长幼有序中的尊重本质仍具现实意义。

Although modern concepts emphasize equality more, the essence of respect in order between the old and the young still has practical significance.

东窗事发

1. 拼音：dōng chuāng shì fā

2. 意思：指密谋或罪行败露，事情真相被揭露，多用来形容阴谋诡计被发现后陷入困境的状态。

3. 出处：出自明代田汝成《西湖游览志馀·佞幸盘荒》：“可烦传语夫人，东窗事发矣。”相传南宋秦桧与其妻王氏在东窗下密谋杀害岳飞，后阴谋败露，故以此典指罪行暴露。

4. 近义词：

真相大白（事情的真实情况完全被揭露出来）

原形毕露（伪装被揭穿，真实面目暴露）

阴谋败露（秘密策划的坏计谋被发现）

5. 反义词：

秘而不宣（秘密藏着不说，未被揭露）

销声匿迹（隐藏起来，不被人发现）

瞒天过海（用欺骗手段掩盖真相，未被识破）

6. 例句及英文翻译：

他挪用公款的行为终究东窗事发，被警方带走调查。

His embezzlement of public funds was eventually exposed, and he was taken away by the police for investigation.

间谍团伙自以为计划周密，不料东窗事发，全员被捕。

The spy ring thought their plan was meticulous, but the conspiracy was exposed, and all members were arrested.

多年前的贪污案东窗事发，退休的局长连夜潜逃。

The corruption case from many years ago was uncovered, and the retired director fled overnight.

他伪造学历的事东窗事发后，被公司立即开除。

After his forgery of academic qualifications was exposed, he was immediately fired by the company.

这场骗局因一个细节失误而东窗事发，受害者纷纷报案。

The scam was exposed due to a detail mistake, and victims reported it one after another.

贪官以为销毁证据就能高枕无忧，谁知东窗事发时证据早已被掌握。

The corrupt official thought destroying evidence would make him safe, but the evidence had already been obtained when the case was exposed.

他偷换展品的行为东窗事发后，在艺术界声名狼藉。

After his act of replacing exhibits was exposed, he became notorious in the art world.

黑帮老大的犯罪证据东窗事发，警方展开大规模抓捕行动。

The criminal evidence of the gang leader was uncovered, and the police launched a large-scale arrest operation.

她挪用捐款的事东窗事发，慈善机构的公信力一落千丈。

After her embezzlement of donations was exposed, the credibility of the charity collapsed.

这场商业间谍案东窗事发后，两家公司的合作彻底破裂。

After the commercial espionage case was exposed, the cooperation between the two companies completely broke down.

一望无际

1. 拼音：yī wàng wú jì

2. 意思：指一眼望去看不到边际，形容地域、景物等非常广阔，没有尽头，多用来描绘平原、海洋、草原等辽阔的景象。

3. 出处：出自明代吴承恩《西游记》第六十四回：“一望无际，似有千里之遥。”原用于形容视野开阔的场景，后沿用至今。

4. 近义词：

无边无际（形容范围极为广阔，没有边界）

广袤无垠（土地等广阔无边，强调面积辽阔）

漫无边际（形容非常广阔，没有边际或离题太远）

5. 反义词：

咫尺之间（形容距离极近，范围狭小）

一隅之地（指狭小的地方，强调空间有限）

弹丸之地（形容地方极小，如同弹丸般大小）

6. 例句及英文翻译：

站在山顶，眼前是一望无际的草原，绿意铺满天地。

Standing on the mountain top, there is an endless grassland in front of you, with greenness spreading across the sky and earth.

轮船驶入深海，四周是一望无际的蓝色，仿佛与天际相连。

The ship sails into the deep sea, surrounded by endless blue, as if connected to the horizon.

秋天的麦田一望无际，金黄的麦浪随着风起伏。

The autumn wheat field is endless, and the golden wheat waves rise and fall with the wind.

沙漠中行走数日，眼前仍是一望无际的黄沙，令人倍感孤寂。

After walking in the desert for several days, there is still endless yellow sand in front of you, making people feel extremely lonely.

暴雨过后，湖面平静如镜，与一望无际的天空相映成趣。

After the rainstorm, the lake is as calm as a mirror, echoing with the endless sky.

飞机升入云层之上，下方是一望无际的云海，宛如仙境。

The airplane rises above the clouds, with an endless sea of clouds below, like a fairyland.

这片湿地保护区里，一望无际的芦苇荡是水鸟的天堂。

In this wetland reserve, the endless reed marshes are a paradise for waterbirds.

驾车行驶在公路上，两侧是一望无际的农田，充满田园气息。

Driving on the highway, there are endless farmlands on both sides, full of rural charm.

站在海岸边，望着一望无际的大海，所有烦恼仿佛都被冲刷殆尽。

Standing by the coast and looking at the endless sea, all troubles seem to be washed away.

摄影师捕捉到了黄昏时分一望无际的戈壁滩，苍凉而壮阔。

The photographer captured the endless Gobi Desert at dusk, desolate and magnificent.

妻离子散

1. 拼音：qī lí zǐ sàn

2. 意思：指妻子和儿女离散四方，形容家庭因灾祸、战乱或变故等原因而破碎，亲人被迫分离的悲惨情景。

3. 出处：出自《孟子·梁惠王上》：“父母冻饿，兄弟妻子离散。”后在明代冯梦龙《喻世明言》等文献中也有使用，多用来形容家庭破裂的悲剧。

4. 近义词：

家破人亡（家庭破碎，亲人死亡，强调灾祸的严重）

流离失所（家人分散，四处流浪，无安身之处）

骨肉分离（亲人被迫分开，无法团聚，侧重血缘关系的离散）

5. 反义词：

合家团圆（全家人团聚在一起，共享天伦）

欢聚一堂（亲人、朋友聚集在一处，气氛融洽）

安居乐业（家庭安定，生活和工作都很稳固，无分离之苦）

6. 例句及英文翻译：

战争让无数家庭妻离子散，幸存者至今仍在寻找亲人。

War has caused countless families to be torn apart, and survivors are still searching for their relatives.

他因沉迷赌博而败光家产，最终落得妻离子散的下场。

He squandered his family fortune due to gambling addiction and finally ended up with his wife and children separated.

自然灾害过后，村庄被毁，许多人妻离子散，流离失所。

After the natural disaster, the village was destroyed, and many people were separated from their wives and children, wandering homeless.

旧社会的苛捐杂税逼得百姓走投无路，不少家庭妻离子散。

The exorbitant taxes and levies in the old society forced the people into a desperate situation, and many families were torn apart.

这个诈骗团伙专门诱骗老年人，导致一些家庭因此妻离子散。

This fraud group specifically deceives the elderly, causing some families to be separated as a result.

他酒后肇事逃逸，不仅触犯法律，更让两个家庭陷入妻离子散的悲剧。

His hit-and-run after drinking not only violated the law but also plunged two families into the tragedy of separation.

纪录片中记录了难民们妻离子散的痛苦经历，令人潸然泪下。

The documentary records the painful experiences of refugees separated from their wives and children, which is tear-jerking.

封建时期的文字狱让文人墨客人人自危，不少家庭因此妻离子散。

The literary inquisition in the feudal period made scholars panic, and many families were separated as a result.

戒毒所里的学员们常常悔恨不已，因毒品而妻离子散的案例屡见不鲜。

Students in drug rehabilitation centers often regret deeply, and cases of separation from wives and children due to drugs are not uncommon.

历史剧中，将军战败后家国倾覆，妻离子散的场景令人唏嘘。

In historical dramas, the scene of a general's family falling apart and his wife and children separated after defeat is lamentable.

久病成医

1. 拼音：jiǔ bìng chéng yī

2. 意思：指长期生病的人，因多次经历病痛和治疗过程，逐渐熟悉病症和医药知识，仿佛成为了医生；也比喻经历某事多次后，积累了丰富经验，能自行处理相关问题。

3. 出处：出自《左传·定公十三年》“三折肱，知为良医”，后演变为“久病成医”，在清代《儒林外史》中也有使用，强调经验积累的作用。

4. 近义词：

熟能生巧（熟练后能掌握技巧，做事更得心应手）

久病知医（长期患病而熟悉医术，与原成语意思相近）

历练老成（经历丰富，处事老练，强调经验积累）

5. 反义词：

浅尝辄止（略微尝试就停止，缺乏深入实践和经验积累）

一窍不通（对某事完全不懂，无相关经验）

初出茅庐（初次做事，缺乏经验，与“久病成医”的经验积累相反）

6. 例句及英文翻译：

他常年受胃病困扰，久病成医，如今能根据症状自行调整饮食。

He has been troubled by stomach problems for many years and has become a doctor through long illness. Now he can adjust his diet according to the symptoms.

妈妈照顾生病的奶奶多年，久病成医，连护士都夸她护理专业。

Mom has taken care of the sick grandma for many years and become a doctor through long illness. Even the nurse praises her professional nursing.

这位患者久病成医，不仅能看懂化验单，还能给新手病友建议。

The patient has become a doctor through long illness. He can not only understand the test report but also give advice to new patients.

他研究失眠疗法多年，久病成医，如今开发出一套助眠方案。

He has studied insomnia therapy for many years and become a doctor through long illness. Now he has developed a set of sleep-aid programs.

老中医常说“久病成医”，许多患者确实积累了丰富的养生知识。

The old Chinese doctor often says, "A long illness makes a doctor." Many patients have indeed accumulated rich health-preserving knowledge.

她因过敏反复就医，久病成医，能精准分辨过敏原并预防发作。

She has seen a doctor repeatedly due to allergies and become a doctor through long illness. She can accurately identify allergens and prevent attacks.

久病成医的他，如今能根据药材气味判断汤药的配伍是否合理。

He, who has become a doctor through long illness, can now judge whether the compatibility of the decoction is reasonable according to the smell of the medicinal materials.

运动员常年与伤痛为伴，久病成医，学会了基础的康复训练方法。

Athletes are accompanied by injuries all year round and become doctors through long illness. They have learned basic rehabilitation training methods.

这位作家因长期应对写作瓶颈，久病成医，总结出一套创作心法。

The writer has become a doctor through long-term coping with writing bottlenecks and summed up a set of creative mental skills.

久病成医的父亲，总能在家中备好应对孩子常见病症的药品和护理方法。

Father, who has become a doctor through long illness, can always prepare medicines and nursing methods for children's common diseases at home.

坑蒙拐骗

1. 拼音：kēng mēng guǎi piàn

2. 意思：指以欺骗、蒙混、欺诈、拐带等不正当手段谋取利益或害人，形容行为卑劣、靠诡计坑害他人的做法。

3. 出处：该成语由“坑人、蒙人、拐人、骗人”等词语组合而成，具体出处无明确文献记载，属于近现代民间常用的贬义成语，用于批判欺诈行为。

4. 近义词：

敲诈勒索（用威胁、要挟手段索取财物，侧重强迫性欺诈）

尔虞我诈（互相欺骗、玩弄手段，强调彼此间的虚伪算计）

弄虚作假（制造虚假现象欺骗他人，侧重用假象掩盖真相）

招摇撞骗（假借名义炫耀欺骗，侧重利用虚假身份或名义行骗）

5. 反义词：

诚实守信（言行一致、恪守承诺，强调真诚无欺）

光明磊落（行为正直、胸怀坦荡，毫无欺诈之心）

童叟无欺（对任何人都诚实不欺，侧重商业或处事中的诚信）

6. 例句及英文翻译：

这群人靠坑蒙拐骗敛财，最终被警方一网打尽。

This group of people amassed wealth by cheating and deceiving, and were finally apprehended by the police.

他从小偷小摸发展到坑蒙拐骗，最终走上犯罪道路。

He progressed from petty theft to cheating and deceiving, and finally embarked on the path of crime.

消费者要警惕网络上的虚假广告，避免落入坑蒙拐骗的陷阱。

Consumers should be wary of false online advertisements to avoid falling into the trap of cheating and deceiving.

这家公司靠坑蒙拐骗的手段骗取投资，受害者多达数百人。

This company defrauded investments by means of cheating and deceiving, with hundreds of victims.

他嘴上说得好听，实则靠坑蒙拐骗维持生计，早已失去他人信任。

He talks nicely, but in reality, he maintains his livelihood by cheating and deceiving, and has long lost the trust of others.

社会上总有一些人企图通过坑蒙拐骗不劳而获，最终只会自食恶果。

There are always some people in society who attempt to gain something for nothing through cheating and deceiving, and will only end up reaping what they sow.

家长要教育孩子辨别是非，远离坑蒙拐骗的不良行为。

Parents should educate their children to distinguish right from wrong and stay away from the bad behavior of cheating and deceiving.

他因参与坑蒙拐骗的传销活动，被判处有期徒刑三年。

He was sentenced to three years in prison for participating in pyramid schemes involving cheating and deceiving.

景区里的某些商贩以次充好，坑蒙拐骗游客，严重损害了当地形象。

Some vendors in the scenic area pass off inferior goods as high-quality ones, cheating and deceiving tourists, which seriously damages the local image.

法律严厉打击坑蒙拐骗的违法行为，维护社会公平正义。

The law severely cracks down on illegal acts of cheating and deceiving to maintain social fairness and justice.

团结一心

1. 拼音：tuán jié yī xīn

2. 意思：保持一致，齐心协力。形容人们为了共同的目标而联合起来，心往一处想，劲往一处使。

3. 出处：无特定古籍出处，是常用的现代成语。

4. 近义词：

万众一心：千万人一条心，形容团结一致。与团结一心都强调集体成员目标一致、齐心协力。

众志成城：大家同心协力，就像城墙一样的牢固。比喻大家团结一致，力量无比强大，和团结一心意思相近，突出团结所产生的强大力量。

5. 反义词：

一盘散沙：比喻力量分散，没有组织起来，与团结一心相反，体现出集体缺乏凝聚力。

离心离德：思想不统一，信念也不一致。指不一条心，和团结一心形成鲜明对比，突出内部的分裂。

6. 例句：

只要我们团结一心，就一定能战胜困难。

面对强大的对手，我们要团结一心，共同应对。

在抗震救灾中，全国人民团结一心，积极支援灾区。

公司上下团结一心，努力完成年度生产目标。

团队成员团结一心，在比赛中取得了优异的成绩。

这个班级团结一心，充满了凝聚力和向心力。

为了实现中华民族伟大复兴，全体中华儿女团结一心。

村民们团结一心，共同修建了村里的灌溉设施。

科研团队团结一心，攻克了一个又一个技术难题。

运动会上，运动员们团结一心，为班级争光。

名不副实

1. 拼音：míng bù fù shí

2. 意思：指名称或名声与实际情况不相符，形容人或事物的实际表现达不到其名声或称谓所暗示的水平。

3. 出处：出自汉·祢衡《鹦鹉赋》“惧名实之不副，耻才能之无奇”，后在《后汉书·黄琼传》中也有“盛名之下，其实难副”的表述，强调名声与实际的一致性。

4. 近义词：

徒有虚名（空有名声，实际无真才实学或能力）

名过其实（名声超过实际水平，夸大其词）

言过其实（言语夸张，与实际不符，侧重表达层面）

名实不副（名称与实际不相符，与原成语同义）

5. 反义词：

名副其实（名称与实际完全相符，强调真实性）

名实相副（名声与实际一致，无夸大或虚假）

货真价实（事物真实可靠，无虚假成分，多用于商品或能力）

6. 例句及英文翻译：

这家餐厅号称“米其林水准”，但菜品口味名不副实，令食客失望。

This restaurant claims to be "Michelin-level", but the taste of the dishes is not worthy of the name, disappointing diners.

他被称为“天才画家”，但新作风格平庸，显然名不副实。

He is called a "genius painter", but his new works have a mediocre style, obviously unworthy of the name.

这款手机广告宣传的续航能力名不副实，实际使用中很快没电。

The battery life advertised for this mobile phone is not in line with reality, and it runs out of power quickly in actual use.

所谓的“名校培训班”教学质量名不副实，家长们纷纷要求退费。

The teaching quality of the so-called "prestigious school training class" is unworthy of its name, and parents have demanded refunds.

这位专家的演讲内容空洞，观点陈旧，让人觉得名不副实。

The expert's speech was empty and his views were outdated, making people feel that he was unworthy of his reputation.

景区宣传的“天然氧吧”实则游客密集，环境嘈杂，名不副实。

The "natural oxygen bar" advertised by the scenic area is actually crowded with tourists and noisy, which is unworthy of the name.

他担任“项目负责人”后毫无建树，被同事私下议论名不副实。

After he became the "project leader", he made no achievements and was privately discussed by colleagues as unworthy of the name.

这款网红零食口感普通，价格虚高，完全名不副实。

This online celebrity snack has an ordinary taste and a high price, which is completely unworthy of the name.

历史上有些所谓的“明君”，实则治国无方，名不副实。

In history, some so-called "enlightened monarchs" were actually incompetent in governing the country, unworthy of the name.

该品牌宣称“环保理念”，但生产过程中仍大量排污，显然名不副实。

The brand claims an "environmental protection concept", but it still discharges a lot of pollutants in the production process, which is obviously unworthy of the name.

自不量力

1. 拼音：zì bù liàng lì

2. 意思：指自己不能正确估计自己的能力，过高地估计自己，去做超出能力范围的事情，含贬义。

3. 出处：出自《左传·隐公十一年》“不度德，不量力”，后在《战国策·齐策三》中也有“荆甚固，而薛亦不量其力”的表述，强调做事应权衡自身实力。

4. 近义词：

蚍蜉撼树（比喻力量弱小却想动摇强大的事物，侧重不自量力的行为）

螳臂当车（用螳螂的前肢阻挡车轮，形容逆势而为、自不量力）

以卵击石（用鸡蛋碰石头，比喻实力悬殊却强行挑战）

眼高手低（眼界高但能力不足，强调认知与实力的差距）

5. 反义词：

量力而行（按照自己的能力去做事，不勉强）

自知之明（对自己的能力和处境有正确认知）

量力而为（根据实力决定行动，不做超出能力的事）

6. 例句及英文翻译：

他连基础知识都没掌握，就想挑战高难度竞赛，简直自不量力。

He hasn't even mastered the basic knowledge, yet he wants to challenge the difficult competition—it's simply overestimating his abilities.

小国试图与大国抗衡，无异于自不量力，最终只会吃亏。

A small country trying to contend with a large one is no different from overestimating its strength, and it will only suffer in the end.

她明知自己五音不全，却非要参加歌唱比赛，真是自不量力。

She knows she can't sing in tune, but insists on participating in the singing competition—she's really overestimating herself.

这家小公司想吞并行业巨头，显然是自不量力的冒险行为。

That small company's attempt to annex an industry giant is clearly a reckless act of overestimating its own strength.

学习如登山，自不量力地追求速度，只会摔得更惨。

Learning is like climbing a mountain—overestimating your ability and pursuing speed will only make you fall harder.

他自不量力地承诺三天完成项目，最终因能力不足导致失败。

He overestimated his ability and promised to complete the project in three days, but finally failed due to insufficient capability.

用业余水平挑战专业选手，简直是自不量力，结果毫无悬念。

Challenging professional players with an amateur level is simply overestimating oneself, and the result is beyond doubt.

历史上多少自不量力的统治者，最终都在盲目扩张中走向灭亡。

How many rulers who overestimated their strength in history eventually perished in blind expansion.

他嘲笑别人自不量力，却没意识到自己也在做同样的蠢事。

He laughed at others for overestimating themselves, but didn't realize he was doing the same stupid thing.

凡事应量力而行，自不量力的冲动往往带来无法挽回的后果。

Everything should be done according to one's ability—impulse from overestimating oneself often brings irreparable consequences.