常用成语 第122天 中考成语 高考成语
1. 拼音：qí chǐ dà rǔ
2. 意思：指极大的耻辱，形容耻辱到了极点，多用于形容因受侮辱而感到极度羞耻的情形。
3. 出处：出自宋代欧阳修《欧阳文忠公集·奏议集·卷十八》：“此可谓国家之奇耻大辱也。”后在明清文献中亦常见，如《说岳全传》中用于描述民族屈辱场景，逐渐成为固定成语。
4. 近义词：
胯下之辱：指承受他人胯下的侮辱，比喻极大的耻辱，源自韩信典故，侧重忍辱负重前的屈辱经历。
卑躬屈膝之辱：形容为讨好他人而低三下四、丧失尊严的耻辱，侧重行为上的屈辱姿态。
国耻家仇：国家被侵略的耻辱和家族被伤害的仇恨，侧重集体层面的重大屈辱与仇恨。
含羞忍辱：忍受羞耻与侮辱，侧重被迫承受屈辱时的状态。
奇冤极枉：指极大的冤枉和屈辱，侧重冤屈带来的耻辱感。
5. 反义词：
光宗耀祖：为宗族争光，使祖先显耀，形容带来荣耀的行为，与耻辱形成鲜明对比。
引以为荣：以此事为光荣，侧重对事物感到自豪，与耻辱感完全相反。
扬眉吐气：摆脱受压状态后感到舒畅，形容摆脱耻辱后的得意状态。
荣宗耀祖：同“光宗耀祖”，指为家族带来荣耀，消除耻辱感。
趾高气扬：形容骄傲自满、得意忘形的样子，虽含贬义，但与“耻辱”在情感上对立。
6. 例句及英文翻译：
他被当众羞辱，视为人生中的奇耻大辱。
He was humiliated in public, which he regarded as the greatest shame in his life.
历史上的不平等条约，是国家近代史上的奇耻大辱。
The unequal treaties in history were the great national humiliations in modern history.
比赛惨败后，队员们认为这是球队成立以来的奇耻大辱。
After the heavy defeat in the match, the team members considered it the greatest disgrace since the team was founded.
投降敌人的行为，对军人而言是奇耻大辱。
Surrendering to the enemy is a great shame for soldiers.
作弊被抓后，他觉得这是奇耻大辱，很久不敢面对同学。
After being caught cheating, he felt it was a great humiliation and dare not face his classmates for a long time.
领土被割让的往事，是每一个爱国者心中的奇耻大辱。
The past of territorial cession is a great shame in the hearts of every patriot.
昔日对手如今骑在头上作威作福，他视为奇耻大辱。
That his former rival is now domineering over him is regarded as a great humiliation by him.
被诬陷偷窃的经历，成了她记忆中无法抹去的奇耻大辱。
The experience of being framed for stealing became an unforgettable great shame in her memory.
球队队长因失误导致输球，认为这是奇耻大辱而自责不已。
The team captain blamed himself for the loss due to his mistake, considering it a great disgrace.
古人视“男儿膝下有黄金”，跪地求饶对他们是奇耻大辱。
Ancient people regarded "a man's knees have gold", so kneeling to beg for mercy was a great shame for them.
1. 拼音：fēi fèn zhī xiǎng
2. 意思：指超出本分的想法，形容人不切实际地追求不可能得到的事物或地位，含贬义。
3. 出处：出自清代李宝嘉《官场现形记》第四十七回：“各属员亦皆明白，非分之想，从此打断。”后在近代文学中常用，如鲁迅作品中亦有类似表述，逐渐成为固定成语。
4. 近义词：
痴心妄想：形容一心想着不可能实现的事，侧重荒诞、不切实际的幻想。
异想天开：指想法离奇，不切实际，侧重想法的荒唐与脱离现实。
贪得无厌：贪心永远没有满足的时候，侧重对欲望的过度追求，含贪婪之意。
妄想痴心：同“痴心妄想”，指不切实际的荒唐想法，侧重主观意念的荒谬。
非分之念：与“非分之想”同义，指超出本分的念头，侧重念头的越界性。
5. 反义词：
安分守己：规矩老实，守本分，不做违法或越轨的事，侧重遵守本分的态度。
知足常乐：知道满足就总是快乐，形容对现状满足，不盲目追求，侧重心态的满足感。
安贫乐道：安于贫穷，以坚持自己的信念为乐，侧重精神上对本分的坚守。
循分守理：遵循本分，遵守事理，指行为合乎规范，不越界，侧重行为的合规性。
克己奉公：克制自己的私心，一心为公，侧重无私奉献，与“非分之想”的自私性对立。
6. 例句及英文翻译：
他对不属于自己的财富抱有非分之想，最终因贪念入狱。
He had illusions about wealth that didn't belong to him, and finally went to prison because of greed.
职场中若对他人职位有非分之想，反而会影响自己的发展。
If you have inappropriate thoughts about others' positions in the workplace, it will affect your own development instead.
年轻人应脚踏实地，切勿对一夜暴富抱有非分之想。
Young people should be down-to-earth and not have unrealistic thoughts about getting rich overnight.
她清楚自己的能力，从不对高不可攀的职位有非分之想。
She knows her own abilities and never has inappropriate thoughts about unattainable positions.
对邻居的家产抱有非分之想，这种念头本身就很危险。
Having inappropriate thoughts about a neighbor's property is a dangerous idea in itself.
历史上因非分之想而谋权篡位的人，最终多以失败告终。
Throughout history, those who have usurped power due to inappropriate ambitions have mostly ended in failure.
父母教导他：“不要对不属于自己的东西有非分之想。”
His parents taught him: "Don't have inappropriate thoughts about things that don't belong to you."
他虽贫困，却从无非分之想，始终坚守诚信做人的原则。
Although he was poor, he never had inappropriate thoughts and always adhered to the principle of being honest.
商家若对垄断市场抱有非分之想，终将受到法律的制裁。
If businesses have inappropriate thoughts about monopolizing the market, they will eventually be punished by law.
感情中对他人伴侣抱有非分之想，不仅不道德，还会伤害多方关系。
Having inappropriate thoughts about others' partners in relationships is not only immoral but also hurts multiple relationships.
1. 拼音：dé cái jiān bèi
2. 意思：指同时具备优秀的品德和卓越的才能，形容人在道德和能力上都很出色，常用于称赞或选拔人才的标准。
3. 出处：出自明代宋濂《元史·丰臧孙传》：“乃举二人，曰：‘某德才兼备，某操守廉介。’” 后在《醒世恒言》等明清文献中也有使用，成为衡量人才的经典表述。
4. 近义词：
德能兼备：品德和能力都很优秀，与“德才兼备”同义，侧重强调二者兼具。
品学兼优：品德和学业（或学识）都很优异，多用于形容学生或学者，侧重道德与学识的双重优秀。
德艺双馨：品德和技艺都达到很高的境界，常用于称赞艺术家、匠人等，侧重道德与专业技能的结合。
才德兼备：同“德才兼备”，指才能与品德都具备，语序不同但含义一致。
德高才厚：道德高尚且才能深厚，侧重品德的崇高和能力的雄厚，常用于评价长者或权威人士。
5. 反义词：
德薄才疏：品德低下且才能欠缺，形容人在道德和能力上都不足，与“德才兼备”形成鲜明对比。
有才无德：具备才能但缺乏道德，指人能力强但品行不佳，侧重道德缺失的负面性。
德不配才：品德不足以匹配才能，指人的才能超过其道德水平，可能导致能力被滥用。
品行不端：指人的品德行为不符合道德规范，侧重道德层面的缺陷，不涉及才能。
才疏德薄：同“德薄才疏”，才能浅薄且品德低下，强调二者的双重不足。
6. 例句及英文翻译：
这位教授德才兼备，既是学术权威，也是学生敬仰的道德楷模。
The professor is both virtuous and talented, being an academic authority and a moral model admired by students.
企业招聘时，更希望找到德才兼备的人才，而非仅有能力却缺乏责任感的人。
When recruiting, enterprises prefer to find talents with both virtue and ability rather than those who only have ability but lack responsibility.
历史上的贤相良将，大多是德才兼备的典范。
Most of the virtuous prime ministers and generals in history were models of both virtue and talent.
他德才兼备，被推举为团队领导后，很快赢得了所有人的信任。
He is both virtuous and talented, and after being elected as the team leader, he quickly won the trust of everyone.
选拔干部时，德才兼备是首要标准，缺一不可。
When selecting cadres, having both virtue and talent is the primary criterion, and neither can be lacking.
这位青年学者德才兼备，不仅科研成果丰硕，还经常参与公益活动。
The young scholar is both virtuous and talented. Not only does he have fruitful research achievements, but he also often participates in public welfare activities.
德才兼备的人，无论在哪个领域都能赢得尊重。
People with both virtue and talent can win respect in any field.
父母从小教导我们：要做一个德才兼备的人，而非只追求成绩的“书呆子”。
Our parents have taught us since childhood: to be a person with both virtue and talent, not a "bookworm" who only pursues grades.
这家公司的企业文化强调：德才兼备者优先获得晋升机会。
The corporate culture of this company emphasizes that those with both virtue and talent have priority for promotion opportunities.
德才兼备的领导者，既能制定正确的战略，又能凝聚团队的向心力。
A leader with both virtue and talent can not only formulate correct strategies but also unite the team's cohesion.
1. 拼音：wú jì kě shī
2. 意思：指没有办法可用，形容遇到问题时毫无解决的办法。
3. 出处：出自明·罗贯中《三国演义》第八回：“王允日与貂蝉共议，无计可施。”
4. 近义词：束手无策（形容就像捆住了手，没有一点办法）、黔驴技穷（比喻有限的一点本领也已经用完了）、计穷力竭（指计谋和力量都用尽了）
5. 反义词：神通广大（形容本领高超，无所不能）、大显身手（指充分显示出本领和才能）、足智多谋（形容人善于料事和用计）
6. 例句及英文翻译：
面对这个复杂的数学问题，他苦思冥想很久，却依旧无计可施。
Facing this complex math problem, he thought hard for a long time but still had no way to solve it.
当洪水来临时，村民们看着不断上涨的水位，一度无计可施。
When the flood came, the villagers looked at the rising water level and were at a loss for what to do for a while.
医生们对这种罕见的疾病无计可施，只能眼睁睁看着病人的情况恶化。
Doctors could do nothing about this rare disease and could only watch the patient's condition deteriorate.
公司的资金链断裂后，老板尝试了各种融资方式，最终还是无计可施。
After the company's capital chain broke, the boss tried various financing methods but finally had no solution.
孩子的任性让父母头疼不已，有时甚至觉得无计可施。
The child's willfulness made the parents headache, and sometimes they even felt helpless.
面对对手的猛烈进攻，这支球队的防守策略失效，教练在场边无计可施。
Facing the opponent's fierce attack, the defensive strategy of this team failed, and the coach was at a loss on the sidelines.
干旱持续了数月，农民们看着枯萎的庄稼，无计可施。
The drought lasted for several months, and the farmers looked at the withered crops, helpless.
他试图修复损坏的电脑，但对硬件知识一窍不通，最终无计可施。
He tried to repair the damaged computer but knew nothing about hardware knowledge, and finally had no way.
谈判陷入僵局，双方代表都感到无计可施，只能暂停会议。
The negotiation was deadlocked, and the representatives of both sides felt helpless and could only suspend the meeting.
对于学生屡次迟到的问题，老师教育了多次却无计可施，只能联系家长沟通。
For the problem of students being late repeatedly, the teacher has educated many times but has no way, so he can only contact the parents to communicate.
1. 拼音：bèi xìn qì yì
2. 意思：指违背诺言，抛弃道义，形容不讲信用，不讲道义的行为。
3. 出处：出自《北史·周纪下·高祖武帝》：“背惠怒邻，弃信忘义。”
4. 近义词：
忘恩负义（忘记别人对自己的恩情，做出对不起别人的事）
言而无信（说话不算数，没有信用）
背义忘恩（背弃道义，忘却恩情）
5. 反义词：
信守诺言（坚守承诺，说到做到）
忠贞不渝（忠诚坚定，永不改变）
言而有信（说话算数，守信用）
6. 例句及英文翻译：
他曾许诺共渡难关，如今却背信弃义，独自离开。
He once promised to tide over difficulties together, but now he betrayed faith and abandoned righteousness, leaving alone.
合作方突然背信弃义，导致项目进度严重滞后。
The partner suddenly broke faith and abandoned righteousness, causing the project progress to lag seriously.
背信弃义的行为让他失去了所有朋友的信任。
The act of betraying faith and abandoning righteousness made him lose the trust of all friends.
历史上那些背信弃义的人，最终都被世人唾弃。
Those who betrayed faith and abandoned righteousness in history were eventually spurned by the world.
她无法接受恋人背信弃义，毅然结束了这段感情。
She couldn't accept her lover's betrayal of faith and righteousness, and resolutely ended the relationship.
背信弃义的企业终将失去市场，被消费者抛弃。
Enterprises that betray faith and abandon righteousness will eventually lose the market and be abandoned by consumers.
他指责对方背信弃义，撕毁了早已签订的协议。
He accused the other party of betraying faith and abandoning righteousness, tearing up the signed agreement.
背信弃义的行为不仅伤害他人，也会让自己良心不安。
Betraying faith and abandoning righteousness not only hurts others but also makes oneself feel guilty.
故事中的反派因背信弃义，最终落得悲惨下场。
The villain in the story ended in a miserable end because of betraying faith and abandoning righteousness.
我们应坚决抵制背信弃义的行为，坚守诚信的原则。
We should resolutely resist the act of betraying faith and abandoning righteousness and stick to the principle of integrity.
1. 拼音：gǎi cháo huàn dài
2. 意思：指旧的朝代被新的朝代所取代，泛指政权更替或时代发生重大变革。
3. 出处：出自清代赵翼《廿二史札记》卷三十二：“盖改朝换代之际，兵戈倥偬，无暇顾及文事也。”
4. 近义词：
政权更迭（指统治权力从一个政权转移到另一个政权）
鼎故革新（破除旧的，建立新的，多指政治制度变革）
革故鼎新（除去旧的，建立新的，侧重制度或事物的更新）
5. 反义词：
固步自封（比喻守着老一套，不求进步，不涉及政权更替）
墨守成规（指思想保守，守着老规矩不肯改变）
因循守旧（死守老一套，缺乏创新的精神）
6. 例句及英文翻译：
历史上每一次改朝换代，都伴随着社会结构的巨大变动。
Every change of dynasty in history is accompanied by huge changes in social structure.
改朝换代的动荡时期，百姓往往流离失所，苦不堪言。
In the turbulent period of dynastic change, people often become displaced and suffer a lot.
这部小说以改朝换代为背景，展现了乱世中人物的命运沉浮。
Against the background of dynastic change, this novel shows the ups and downs of characters in troubled times.
学者们正在研究古代改朝换代的历史规律与社会动因。
Scholars are studying the historical laws and social motivations of ancient dynastic changes.
改朝换代不仅是政治权力的转移，更是文化与思想的重塑过程。
Dynastic change is not only the transfer of political power but also a process of cultural and ideological reshaping.
有些王朝的覆灭极其迅速，改朝换代几乎在瞬间完成。
The fall of some dynasties was so rapid that the change of dynasty was almost completed in an instant.
艺术作品常通过描绘改朝换代的场景，反映时代的沧桑巨变。
Artistic works often reflect the vicissitudes of the times by depicting scenes of dynastic changes.
改朝换代后，新政权往往会推行一系列政策以巩固统治。
After the change of dynasty, the new regime often implements a series of policies to consolidate its rule.
历史学家认为，经济危机是触发某些改朝换代的重要因素之一。
Historians believe that economic crisis is one of the important factors triggering some dynastic changes.
这场战争的结局直接导致了改朝换代，开启了历史的新篇章。
The outcome of this war directly led to the change of dynasty and opened a new chapter in history.
1. 拼音：bù biàn zhēn wěi
2. 意思：指无法分辨事物的真假与对错，形容人缺乏辨别能力或被表象迷惑。
3. 出处：出自明代冯梦龙《醒世恒言》卷二十八：“自己不辨真伪，却说是妖鬼缠身。”
4. 近义词：
真假难辨（真实与虚假难以区分，强调辨别难度大）
是非不分（无法判断正确与错误，缺乏基本的判断能力）
混淆黑白（故意把正确的说成错误的，把错误的说成正确的，颠倒事实）
5. 反义词：
明察秋毫（形容人目光敏锐，能洞察细微之处，辨别真伪）
洞若观火（对事物观察得非常清楚，如同看火一样透彻）
泾渭分明（比喻界限清楚，是非、好坏分明，易于辨别）
6. 例句及英文翻译：
他轻易相信网络传言，不辨真伪就转发，结果误导了许多人。
He easily believed online rumors and forwarded them without distinguishing between truth and falsehood, thus misleading many people.
消费者在购物时需提高警惕，避免因不辨真伪而买到假货。
Consumers should be vigilant when shopping to avoid buying fake goods due to inability to distinguish between truth and falsehood.
故事中的主人公因不辨真伪，误将骗子当作恩人，最终被骗走财产。
The protagonist in the story mistook the fraudster for a benefactor because he couldn't distinguish between truth and falsehood, and finally had his property cheated.
网络信息繁杂，若不辨真伪就盲目相信，容易陷入骗局。
Network information is complex. If you blindly believe it without distinguishing between truth and falsehood, you are easy to fall into a scam.
这位官员因不辨真伪，听信小人谗言，错怪了忠良之臣。
The official, unable to distinguish between truth and falsehood, believed the slander of villains and wronged the loyal ministers.
古籍流传中常有后人伪造的情况，学者需仔细考证，以免不辨真伪。
There are often cases of later generations forging ancient books, so scholars need to carefully research to avoid being unable to distinguish between truth and falsehood.
广告中夸大的宣传让一些老年人不辨真伪，纷纷购买无效产品。
The exaggerated propaganda in the advertisement made some elderly people unable to distinguish between truth and falsehood, and they one after another bought ineffective products.
他因缺乏常识，面对花言巧语时总是不辨真伪，屡次上当受骗。
Due to his lack of common sense, he is always unable to distinguish between truth and falsehood in the face of sweet words, and has been deceived many times.
历史研究需严谨考证史料，若不辨真伪，会导致结论偏差。
Historical research needs to rigorously verify historical materials. If you cannot distinguish between truth and falsehood, it will lead to deviations in conclusions.
家长应教育孩子学会辨别信息，避免在网络中不辨真伪而受到不良影响。
Parents should educate their children to learn to distinguish information to avoid being adversely affected by being unable to distinguish between truth and falsehood online.
1. 拼音：xiāng chí bù xià
2. 意思：指双方力量相当，互相对抗或竞争，僵持不下，无法分出胜负或达成共识。
3. 出处：出自《史记·淮阴侯列传》：“燕、齐相持而不下，则刘、项之权未有所分也。”
4. 近义词：
势均力敌（双方力量相等，不分高低）
僵持不下（双方对峙，局面无法打破）
难解难分（双方争斗激烈，难以分开或胜负难分）
5. 反义词：
势如破竹（形势像劈竹子一样，节节胜利，毫无阻碍）
一蹴而就（踏一步就成功，形容事情轻而易举）
迎刃而解（比喻问题很容易解决）
6. 例句及英文翻译：
两队在比赛中相持不下，最终进入加时赛。
The two teams were deadlocked in the game and finally entered overtime.
谈判已持续三天，双方因利益分歧仍相持不下。
The negotiation has lasted for three days, and the two sides are still deadlocked due to differences in interests.
这场辩论中，正反方观点鲜明，相持不下。
In this debate, the affirmative and negative sides have distinct views and are deadlocked.
古代战场上，两军相持不下时，粮草供应常成为关键。
In ancient battles, when the two armies were deadlocked, the supply of food and grass often became the key.
项目方案因意见分歧相持不下，会议不得不延期。
The project plan was deadlocked due to differences in opinions, and the meeting had to be postponed.
两位棋手棋艺精湛，对局中始终相持不下。
The two chess players are highly skilled, and the game has always been deadlocked.
双方在领土问题上相持不下，和平谈判陷入僵局。
The two sides are deadlocked on the territorial issue, and peace talks have reached an impasse.
商业竞争中，若双方相持不下，可能导致两败俱伤。
In commercial competition, if the two sides are deadlocked, it may lead to a lose-lose situation.
这场拔河比赛中，两队力量相近，相持不下近十分钟。
In this tug-of-war, the two teams were of similar strength and deadlocked for nearly ten minutes.
历史上，有些战争因双方相持不下，竟持续数年之久。
In history, some wars lasted for several years because the two sides were deadlocked.
1. 拼音：qí xīn xié lì
2. 意思：形容认识一致，共同努力。
3. 出处：《墨子·尚贤》：“《汤誓》曰：‘聿求元圣，与之戮力同心，以治天下。’”
4. 近义词：
齐心合力：形容心思一致，为实现目标而共同努力，和齐心协力意思相近，都强调团队或集体在行动上的一致性和共同付出努力。
和衷共济：大家一条心，共同渡过江河。比喻同心协力，克服困难，与齐心协力类似，突出在困难面前团结协作。
5. 反义词：
离心离德：思想不统一，信念也不一致。指不一条心，和齐心协力相反，体现团队内部的分裂。
各行其是：各自按照自己认为对的去做，强调个体行动的分散，与齐心协力形成鲜明对比。
6. 例句：
只要大家齐心协力，就没有克服不了的困难。
全班同学齐心协力，为班级赢得了荣誉。
抗震救灾中，军民齐心协力救助受灾群众。
公司上下齐心协力，朝着年度目标努力奋进。
我们要齐心协力保护环境，让地球更美好。
运动员们齐心协力，在比赛中取得了优异成绩。
村民们齐心协力修建了一条通往外界的公路。
科研团队齐心协力攻克了技术难题。
在拔河比赛中，大家齐心协力往后拉。
这个项目需要团队成员齐心协力才能完成。
1. 拼音：shēn rù qiǎn chū
2. 意思：指言论或文章的内容深刻，表达形式却浅显易懂，能用通俗的语言阐述高深的道理。
3. 出处：出自清代俞樾《湖楼笔谈》六：“盖诗人用意之妙，在乎深入显出。入之不深，则有浅易之病；出之不显，则有艰涩之患。”
4. 近义词：
通俗易懂（内容浅显，容易理解，适合大众接受）
简明扼要（抓住要点，用简单明了的语言表达深刻内容）
浅尝辄止（此处指以简单易懂的方式呈现，非贬义，与“深入浅出”的表达形式相似）
5. 反义词：
深文奥义（言辞晦涩，含义深奥，难以理解）
诘屈聱牙（文辞艰涩生僻，读起来不顺口）
高深莫测（道理高深，使人难以理解）
6. 例句及英文翻译：
这位教授总能将复杂的理论深入浅出地讲解给学生听。
The professor can always explain complex theories in a simple and profound way to students.
他的文章深入浅出，即使是普通读者也能领会其中的哲理。
His articles are profound in content and simple in expression, so that even ordinary readers can understand the philosophy in them.
科普节目通过实验演示，深入浅出地介绍科学原理。
Popular science programs introduce scientific principles in a simple and profound way through experimental demonstrations.
老师用生活中的例子深入浅出地解释了相对论的基本概念。
The teacher explained the basic concepts of relativity in a simple and profound way with examples from life.
这部纪录片以故事形式深入浅出地展现了历史事件的因果关系。
This documentary shows the cause and effect of historical events in a simple and profound way in the form of stories.
作家用平实的语言深入浅出地探讨了人性的复杂面。
The writer discusses the complex aspects of human nature in a simple and profound way with plain language.
培训师深入浅出的讲解，让学员们快速掌握了专业技能。
The trainer's simple and profound explanation enabled the trainees to master professional skills quickly.
古籍注释需深入浅出，才能帮助现代读者理解古文内涵。
Annotations of ancient books need to be profound in content and simple in expression to help modern readers understand the connotation of ancient texts.
演讲者通过比喻和类比，深入浅出地阐述了经济学的核心理论。
The speaker expounded the core theories of economics in a simple and profound way through metaphors and analogies.
父母应学会用深入浅出的方式给孩子讲解人生道理。
Parents should learn to explain the principles of life to children in a simple and profound way.
1. 拼音：bǎng dà yāo yuán
2. 意思：形容人的身材魁梧健壮，肩膀宽阔，腰肢粗壮，多用来描绘体格结实的人。
3. 出处：出自清代文康所著《儿女英雄传》第二十一回：“那邓九公年近七旬，是个膀大腰圆的身材。”
4. 近义词：
虎背熊腰：像老虎的脊背、熊的腰身一样宽厚，形容人身材魁梧健壮。
身强力壮：身体强壮有力，侧重体力充沛、体格强健。
五大三粗：指双手、双脚大，头大，形容人身材高大粗壮，有时含粗笨之意。
牛高马大：像牛和马一样高大，形容人身材高大魁梧。
孔武有力：形容人勇猛而有力量，侧重健壮且富有力量感。
5. 反义词：
骨瘦如柴：瘦得像柴一样，形容人极其消瘦。
弱不禁风：身体虚弱得连风吹都承受不住，形容人体质单薄。
瘦骨嶙峋：瘦得骨头都露出来了，强调消瘦到极点的状态。
纤细瘦弱：身材纤细，体质瘦弱，缺乏健壮感。
娇小玲珑：形容人身材小巧、伶俐可爱，与健壮魁梧相反。
6. 例句：
那个摔跤手膀大腰圆，往场上一站就让对手感到压力。
爷爷年轻时膀大腰圆，干起农活来十个小伙子都比不上。
舞台上的武打演员膀大腰圆，一招一式都充满力量感。
小区门口的保安大哥膀大腰圆，看着就很有安全感。
他虽然膀大腰圆，但性格却十分温和，说话总是细声细气。
年画里的门神膀大腰圆，手持兵器，威风凛凛地守护着家门。
父亲年轻时膀大腰圆，如今却因常年劳累变得有些佝偻。
篮球队新来的中锋膀大腰圆，在禁区里简直无人能挡。
小说里描写的绿林好汉个个膀大腰圆，打起架来勇猛无比。
这位健身教练膀大腰圆，肌肉线条清晰，是学员们的榜样。
1. 拼音：zéi méi shǔ yǎn
2. 意思：形容人的神情鬼鬼祟祟，眼神不正，带有阴险或狡诈的样子，多含贬义。
3. 出处：出自清代石玉昆《三侠五义》第三回：“只见小和尚左手拿一只灯，右手提一壶茶，走进来贼眉鼠眼，将灯放下，又将茶壶放在桌上，两只贼眼东瞧西看，连话也不说，回头就走。”
4. 近义词：
鬼头鬼脑（形容行为举止偷偷摸摸，不光明正大）
贼头贼脑（形容举动鬼祟，不怀好意的样子）
鼠目獐头（形容人相貌丑陋，神情狡诈猥琐）
5. 反义词：
正人君子（指品行端正、正直的人）
风度翩翩（形容举止文雅优美，气质洒脱）
慈眉善目（形容人的容貌和善可亲）
6. 例句及英文翻译：
那个贼眉鼠眼的人在街角徘徊，似乎在观察周围的环境。
That person with a sneaky look lingered on the street corner, seemingly observing the surrounding environment.
他说话时贼眉鼠眼的样子，让大家都觉得他在隐瞒什么。
His sneaky expression when speaking made everyone feel that he was hiding something.
电影里的反派角色总是一副贼眉鼠眼的模样，让人一眼就能认出。
The villain in the movie always has a sneaky look, making it easy to recognize at a glance.
商场里那个贼眉鼠眼的男子，最终被保安识破了偷窃的企图。
The sneaky-looking man in the mall was finally seen through by the security guard for his attempt to steal.
他贼眉鼠眼地瞥了一眼桌上的钱包，心里盘算着如何下手。
He sneaked a glance at the wallet on the table, calculating how to take action.
小说中描绘的江湖骗子，大多长着一副贼眉鼠眼的相貌。
The conmen described in the novel mostly have a sneaky appearance.
那个推销员贼眉鼠眼的，让人怀疑他推销的产品是否可靠。
That salesman has a sneaky look, making people doubt the reliability of the products he promotes.
他刚走进胡同，就被一个贼眉鼠眼的人拦住，索要钱财。
As soon as he walked into the alley, he was stopped by a sneaky-looking person demanding money.
电视剧里的小偷角色，往往通过贼眉鼠眼的神态来表现其狡诈。
The thief characters in TV dramas often show their cunning through sneaky expressions.
老师批评了那个在课堂上贼眉鼠眼、不专心听讲的学生。
The teacher criticized the student who looked sneaky and didn't pay attention in class.
1. 拼音：dú shàn qí shēn
2. 意思：原指独自修养身心，保持个人的节操；后指在污浊的环境中能不受干扰地坚持自己的美好品格，也比喻只顾自身而不管他人的个人主义处世态度。
3. 出处：出自《孟子·尽心上》：“穷则独善其身，达则兼善天下。”
4. 近义词：
明哲保身（指因怕连累自己而回避原则性问题的处世态度）
洁身自好（保持自身纯洁，不同流合污）
独清独醒（独自保持清醒，不与世俗同流合污）
5. 反义词：
同流合污（跟着坏人一起做坏事）
随波逐流（没有坚定的立场，缺乏判断是非的能力，只能随着别人走）
助人为乐（帮助他人，使自己快乐）
6. 例句及英文翻译：
在混乱的局势中，他选择独善其身，不愿卷入任何纷争。
In the chaotic situation, he chose to preserve his own integrity and refused to be involved in any disputes.
真正的智者不应只知独善其身，更应心怀天下。
A true wise man should not only focus on self-improvement but also care about the world.
面对社会的不良风气，我们不能独善其身，而应勇敢地站出来抵制。
In the face of bad social customs, we should not only care about ourselves but also stand up bravely to resist.
他虽身处逆境，却始终坚守本心，独善其身。
Although he was in a difficult situation, he always坚守 his original intention and preserved his own integrity.
有些人认为独善其身是一种明智的选择，却忽视了社会责任。
Some people think that focusing on self-improvement is a wise choice but ignore social responsibility.
古往今来，许多文人雅士在不得志时选择独善其身，寄情山水。
Throughout the ages, many scholars and refined scholars chose to preserve their own integrity and place their feelings in landscapes when they were frustrated.
团队合作中，若只想着独善其身，终将被集体抛弃。
In teamwork, if you only think about taking care of yourself, you will eventually be abandoned by the team.
他并非冷漠自私，只是在复杂的环境中学会了独善其身。
He is not indifferent or selfish but has learned to preserve his own integrity in a complex environment.
“穷则独善其身”体现了古人在困境中的处世智慧。
"Being poor, one should preserve one's own integrity" reflects the ancient wisdom of dealing with the world in difficult situations.
我们应在独善其身的同时，力所能及地帮助他人。
We should help others as much as possible while preserving our own integrity.
1. 拼音：shuí shì shuí fēi
2. 意思：指谁对谁错，形容事情的是非曲直需要分辨清楚，常用于争议或纠纷场景中对对错的判断。
3. 出处：出自元代李致远《还牢末》第一折：“谁是谁非两不真，杀人可恕，情理难容。”
4. 近义词：
是非曲直（指事情的对错和情理的发展脉络）
青红皂白（比喻事情的是非或原因、来龙去脉）
黑白分明（形容是非界限清楚，毫不含糊）
5. 反义词：
是非不分（指不辨对错，缺乏判断能力）
混淆是非（故意把正确的说成错误的，把错误的说成正确的）
颠倒黑白（把黑的说成白的，白的说成黑的，形容歪曲事实）
6. 例句及英文翻译：
这件事闹到现在，早已分不清谁是谁非了。
This matter has been so messed up that it's already impossible to tell who is right and who is wrong.
他们争论了半天，也没理清谁是谁非。
They argued for a long time but failed to figure out who was right and who was wrong.
历史的真相往往需要时间来证明谁是谁非。
The truth of history often requires time to prove who is right and who is wrong.
在家庭矛盾中，过分纠结谁是谁非反而会激化矛盾。
In family conflicts, excessive entanglement in who is right and who is wrong will only intensify the contradiction.
旁观者清，或许外人更能看清这场纠纷中的谁是谁非。
A bystander sees clearly—perhaps outsiders can better see who is right and who is wrong in this dispute.
法律的作用之一，就是公正裁决社会事件中的谁是谁非。
One of the functions of the law is to fairly adjudicate who is right and who is wrong in social events.
他试图在辩论中厘清谁是谁非，却被对方的诡辩扰乱了思路。
He tried to clarify who was right and who was wrong in the debate but was confused by the other party's sophistry.
网络上的争议事件，往往需要冷静分析才能判断谁是谁非。
Controversial events on the Internet often require calm analysis to determine who is right and who is wrong.
父母不应在孩子的争吵中急于判定谁是谁非，而应引导他们反思。
Parents should not be eager to judge who is right and who is wrong in their children's quarrels but should guide them to reflect.
抛开情绪因素，理性看待问题才能真正分辨谁是谁非。
Putting aside emotional factors and looking at problems rationally can truly distinguish who is right and who is wrong.
1. 拼音：qián yīn hòu guǒ
2. 意思：指事情的起因和后续发展的结果，也泛指事情的整个过程，强调事物发展的因果关联。
3. 出处：出自南朝宋·范晔《后汉书·蔡邕传》：“前因后果，岂易分明？”
4. 近义词：
来龙去脉（指事情从头到尾的经过，强调发展脉络）
因果报应（指事物的起因和结果之间存在的必然联系，多含宿命论色彩）
前因后果（同词重复，强调因果链条的完整性）
5. 反义词：
无因无果（指事情没有起因也没有结果，形容不合逻辑）
割断因果（强行切断事物之间的因果联系，违背客观规律）
本末倒置（把事物的主次、因果关系颠倒，分不清先后）
6. 例句及英文翻译：
你只有了解事件的前因后果，才能做出客观判断。
You can only make an objective judgment if you understand the cause and effect of the incident.
他讲述事情时，总能清晰梳理前因后果，让人一目了然。
When he tells a story, he can always clearly sort out the cause and effect, making it clear at a glance.
历史研究需追溯事件的前因后果，才能揭示本质规律。
Historical research needs to trace the cause and effect of events to reveal essential laws.
孩子犯错时，家长应引导其理解前因后果，而非单纯指责。
When children make mistakes, parents should guide them to understand the cause and effect rather than simply blaming them.
这部小说以倒叙手法展开，逐步揭开故事的前因后果。
This novel unfolds in a flashback technique, gradually uncovering the cause and effect of the story.
科学实验必须记录完整的前因后果，确保结论可追溯。
Scientific experiments must record the complete cause and effect to ensure that the conclusions can be traced.
他隐瞒了部分事实，导致大家无法弄清前因后果。
He concealed part of the truth, making it impossible for everyone to figure out the cause and effect.
自然现象的前因后果，往往需要通过长期观察才能总结。
The cause and effect of natural phenomena often need to be summarized through long-term observation.
法律判决需依据证据厘清前因后果，保障公平正义。
Legal judgments need to clarify the cause and effect based on evidence to ensure fairness and justice.
反思过去时，要客观分析前因后果，才能避免重蹈覆辙。
When reflecting on the past, we should objectively analyze the cause and effect to avoid repeating mistakes.
1. 拼音：yǎ kǒu wú yán
2. 意思：形容因理屈词穷、惊讶、尴尬或无话可说而一时语塞，说不出话来的状态。
3. 出处：出自明代冯梦龙《醒世恒言》第八卷：“一番言语，说得张六嫂哑口无言。”
4. 近义词：
张口结舌（形容因理屈、紧张或惊愕而说不出话，强调言语卡顿）
理屈词穷（指理由站不住脚，无话可讲，侧重因理亏而失语）
无言以对（没有合适的话语来回应对方，强调回应无力）
5. 反义词：
振振有词（形容自以为有理而滔滔不绝地说话，强调言辞强势）
口若悬河（说话像瀑布一样流畅，形容能言善辩，强调口才出众）
伶牙俐齿（形容口才好，能言善辩，善于应对，强调应对敏捷）
6. 例句及英文翻译：
面对铁证，他瞬间哑口无言，再也无法狡辩。
Faced with irrefutable evidence, he was instantly speechless and could no longer quibble.
她的反驳犀利尖锐，让对手哑口无言，一时不知如何回应。
Her retort was sharp and incisive, leaving her opponent speechless and at a loss for words.
孩子突然提出的问题让他哑口无言，不知如何解释。
The child's sudden question left him speechless, not knowing how to explain.
辩论赛上，他因准备不足被对方问得哑口无言。
In the debate, he was left speechless by the other side due to insufficient preparation.
母亲的一番话戳中了他的痛处，让他哑口无言地低下了头。
His mother's words hit his sore spot, making him bow his head speechlessly.
当真相被揭露时，造谣者顿时哑口无言，脸色煞白。
When the truth was revealed, the rumor monger was instantly speechless and turned pale.
他本想嘲讽对方，却反被怼得哑口无言，十分尴尬。
He wanted to mock the other party but was instead left speechless, feeling extremely embarrassed.
法官的连续追问让被告哑口无言，冷汗直冒。
The judge's continuous questioning left the defendant speechless, breaking out in a cold sweat.
面对不合理的要求，她直接拒绝，让对方哑口无言。
Facing unreasonable demands, she directly refused, leaving the other party speechless.
历史的事实摆在眼前，任何诡辩都让否认者哑口无言。
With historical facts in front of them, any sophistry leaves deniers speechless.
1. 拼音：yī xiào qīng chéng
2. 意思：形容女子容貌极美，笑容魅力十足，能让全城人倾倒，多用来夸张地描绘女子的绝色之姿。
3. 出处：出自汉代李延年《李延年歌》：“北方有佳人，绝世而独立。一顾倾人城，再顾倾人国。”（“一笑倾城”由“一顾倾人城”演变而来）
4. 近义词：
倾国倾城（形容女子容貌极美，能让国家倾倒，强调美貌的极致影响力）
国色天香（原指牡丹花色香俱佳，后形容女子容貌冠绝天下，侧重气质与美貌并存）
一笑千金（笑容珍贵如千金，形容女子笑容迷人，侧重笑容的魅力与价值）
5. 反义词：
其貌不扬（形容容貌普通，没有出众之处，强调外貌平凡）
东施效颦（比喻模仿他人不成，反而显得可笑，侧重行为与外貌的不协调）
无盐之姿（指女子容貌丑陋，出自典故“无盐女”，侧重容貌缺乏美感）
6. 例句及英文翻译：
她站在舞台中央，一笑倾城，台下观众瞬间安静下来。
She stood in the center of the stage, her smile captivating the entire city, and the audience fell silent instantly.
古书中记载的美人，往往被形容为“一笑倾城，再笑倾国”。
In ancient books, beautiful women are often described as "a smile that can topple cities, a second smile that can topple kingdoms".
电影中女主角回眸一笑倾城的镜头，成了观众心中的经典画面。
The scene where the heroine looks back with a smile that captivates the city in the movie has become a classic in the hearts of the audience.
他笔下的女子，眼波流转间一笑倾城，仿佛从画中走出。
The woman in his painting, with a smile that enchants the city as her eyes move, seems to step out of the painting.
选美比赛中，选手们的一笑倾城让评委难以抉择。
In the beauty pageant, the contestants' smiles that captivate the city made it difficult for the judges to decide.
传说中的西施，有一笑倾城之貌，令吴王为之倾倒。
The legendary Xi Shi had a face that could charm the city with a smile, making the King of Wu fall for her.
她并非传统意义上的美人，却因独特的气质一笑倾城。
She is not a beauty in the traditional sense, but her unique temperament makes her smile enchant the city.
小说里的女主角一出场，便以一笑倾城的姿态吸引了所有目光。
As soon as the heroine in the novel appeared, she attracted all eyes with a smile that captivated the city.
摄影展中，那张少女一笑倾城的照片获得了最高奖项。
In the photography exhibition, the photo of the girl with a smile that enchants the city won the highest award.
历史剧里的演员演绎出了古代美人一笑倾城的风韵，令人印象深刻。
The actor in the historical drama portrayed the charm of an ancient beauty whose smile could topple cities, leaving a deep impression.
1. 拼音：tóng xīn tóng dé
2. 意思：指思想统一，信念一致。
3. 出处：《尚书·泰誓中》：“予有乱臣十人，同心同德。”
4. 近义词：
齐心协力：形容认识一致，共同努力。与同心同德都强调团队成员在思想和行动上的一致性，为了共同目标而努力。
和衷共济：大家一条心，共同渡过江河。比喻同心协力，克服困难。也体现出集体在面对困难时思想统一、相互协作的状态。
5. 反义词：
离心离德：思想不统一，信念也不一致。指不一条心，与同心同德完全相反，突出团队内部的分裂和不和谐。
同床异梦：原指夫妻生活在一起，但感情不和。比喻同做一件事而心里各有各的打算，强调表面上在一起，实际想法各异。
6. 例句：
在困难时期，全国人民同心同德，共渡难关。
一个团队只有同心同德，才能高效地完成任务。
夫妻之间若能同心同德，家庭必然幸福美满。
公司员工同心同德，积极应对市场变化。
抗疫期间，医护人员与各界人士同心同德，抗击疫情。
全体师生同心同德，为学校的发展出谋划策。
在这个项目中，大家同心同德，攻克了一个又一个技术难题。
我们要同心同德，为建设美丽家园贡献力量。
战士们同心同德，坚守在祖国的边疆。
一个国家的繁荣需要全体国民同心同德地努力。
1. 拼音：chèn huǒ dǎ jié
2. 意思：指趁别人处于危难或紧急情况（如火灾）时，趁机进行掠夺或谋取私利，形容乘人之危获取好处的卑劣行为。
3. 出处：出自明代吴承恩《西游记》第十六回：“正是财动人心，他也不救火，他也不叫水，拿着那袈裟，趁火打劫，拽回云步，经转山洞而去。”
4. 近义词：
落井下石（比喻在别人危难时加以陷害或打击，强调恶意伤害）
乘人之危（趁着别人有困难时加以要挟或利用，侧重利用他人困境谋利）
浑水摸鱼（比喻趁混乱时机获取利益，侧重在混乱中投机）
5. 反义词：
雪中送炭（比喻在别人急需时给予帮助，强调及时援助）
扶危济困（扶助危难，救济贫困，侧重主动帮助他人摆脱困境）
解囊相助（拿出钱财帮助别人，强调以物质援助他人）
6. 例句及英文翻译：
邻居家失火时，竟有人趁火打劫偷走了贵重物品。
When the neighbor's house was on fire, someone took advantage of the situation to steal valuables.
他在对手公司陷入财务危机时，趁火打劫压低合作报价。
When his rival's company fell into financial crisis, he took advantage of the fire to lower the cooperation offer.
战争时期，总有奸商趁火打劫，囤积物资抬高物价。
During wartime, there are always unscrupulous merchants who loot during chaos, hoarding supplies and raising prices.
别在朋友失意时趁火打劫，这是不道德的行为。
Don't take advantage of your friends when they're down—it's immoral.
黑客利用系统漏洞趁火打劫，窃取用户隐私信息。
Hackers take advantage of system vulnerabilities to loot, stealing users' private information.
小人总是在别人落难时趁火打劫，而君子会伸出援手。
Villains always loot when others are in trouble, while gentlemen lend a hand.
这家企业趁同行遭遇丑闻时趁火打劫，抢占市场份额。
This enterprise took advantage of its peers' scandals to loot and seize market share.
他被指控在地震灾区趁火打劫，最终受到法律制裁。
He was accused of looting in the earthquake-stricken area and was finally punished by law.
职场中有人趁同事犯错时趁火打劫，向领导告状谋取利益。
In the workplace, some people take advantage of colleagues' mistakes to tattle to leaders for profit.
历史上，侵略者常趁战败国虚弱时趁火打劫，提出苛刻条件。
Throughout history, aggressors often loot when defeated nations are weak, proposing harsh terms.
1. 拼音：fēng tiáo yǔ shùn
2. 意思：指风雨及时且适度，多形容气候适宜，农业生产顺利，也用于比喻社会安宁、万事顺遂的吉祥景象。
3. 出处：出自《六韬·龙韬》：“武王问太公曰：‘君务举贤而不获其功，世乱而愈甚，为之奈何？’太公曰：‘举贤而不用，是有举贤之名，而无用贤之实也。’武王曰：‘其失安在？’太公曰：‘其失在君不明于选贤，而贪于名位，不察其德，不详其能，举而不能任，任而不能信，故曰：举贤而不能用，是有举贤之名，而无用贤之实也。’”后在《旧唐书·礼仪志一》中亦有“风调雨顺，五谷丰登”的表述。
4. 近义词：
五谷丰登（指农作物丰收，侧重粮食产量充足，与“风调雨顺”共同构成农业吉祥图景）
人寿年丰（形容人健康长寿、年成好，强调人和自然的双重顺遂）
岁稔时康（指年成好、社会安宁，侧重年景与社会秩序的和谐）
5. 反义词：
天灾人祸（指自然灾害与人为灾祸交织，强调环境与社会的双重危机）
旱涝不均（指雨水分布失衡，要么干旱要么洪涝，与“风调雨顺”的气候适宜相反）
兵荒马乱（形容战争频发、社会动荡，侧重人为因素导致的混乱，与安宁景象对立）
6. 例句及英文翻译：
今年风调雨顺，农民们的庄稼获得了大丰收。
This year, the winds are favorable and the rains are timely, so farmers have reaped a bumper harvest.
古人认为祭祀能祈求风调雨顺，保佑百姓安居乐业。
Ancients believed that sacrifices could pray for favorable weather, blessing people to live and work in peace.
这片土地连续多年风调雨顺，渐渐成为了富庶的鱼米之乡。
This land has enjoyed favorable climate for many consecutive years, gradually becoming a rich land of fish and rice.
风调雨顺的年份里，湖面波光粼粼，岸边的野花也开得格外灿烂。
In years of good weather, the lake shimmers with light, and the wildflowers by the shore bloom particularly brilliantly.
村民们敲锣打鼓，庆祝风调雨顺带来的好年景。
The villagers beat gongs and drums to celebrate the good harvest brought by favorable winds and timely rains.
气象学家预测明年可能风调雨顺，适合扩大农作物种植面积。
Meteorologists predict that next year may have favorable weather, suitable for expanding crop planting areas.
这座寺庙的香火旺盛，据说求雨十分灵验，能保佑一方风调雨顺。
This temple is full of incense, and it is said that praying for rain is very effective, which can bless the local area with favorable weather.
风调雨顺的季节里，渔民们每天都能从海里捕捞到满满的鱼虾。
In the season of favorable winds and rains, fishermen can catch full loads of fish and shrimp from the sea every day.
虽然今年风调雨顺，但农场主仍坚持做好防汛抗旱的准备工作。
Although the weather has been favorable this year, the farmer still insists on preparing for flood control and drought resistance.
老人常说：“风调雨顺是天地给百姓的恩赐，要懂得珍惜。”
The old man often says, "Favorable weather is a gift from heaven and earth to the people, and we should know how to cherish it."
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