常用成语 第140天 中考成语 高考成语
1. 拼音：sān wǔ chéng qún
2. 意思：指几个人、几个人聚集在一起，形容人或物自然地聚集成若干小群体，并非大规模集中。
3. 出处：源自明代余继登《典故纪闻》卷十二：“三五成群，高谈嬉笑。”后多用于描述人群分散聚集的状态。
4. 近义词：
成群结队（指众多人或物聚集在一起，形成较大的群体）
三三两两（形容人数不多，零散地聚在一起）
聚集成群（强调人或物自然聚合，形成小团体）
5. 反义词：
形单影只（形容孤独，没有同伴，独自一人）
孑然一身（指孤孤单单一个人，强调无依无靠）
孤家寡人（形容脱离群众，没有人支持，也指独自一人）
6. 例句及英文翻译：
放学后，学生们三五成群地走出校门，讨论着周末的计划。
After school, students came out of the school gate in groups of three or five, discussing weekend plans.
公园里的老人三五成群地下棋、聊天，享受着悠闲时光。
The elderly in the park gathered in groups of three or five to play chess and chat, enjoying their leisure time.
海滩上，游客们三五成群地踩着浪花，笑声此起彼伏。
On the beach, tourists strolled in the waves in groups of three or five, with laughter one after another.
黄昏时分，麻雀三五成群地落在电线上，像一串跳动的音符。
At dusk, sparrows landed on the wires in groups of three or five, like a string of beating notes.
夜市开张后，食客们三五成群地涌向各摊位，品尝特色小吃。
After the night market opened, diners flocked to each stall in groups of three or five to taste special snacks.
夏令营里，孩子们三五成群地做游戏，很快就熟悉了彼此。
In the summer camp, children played games in groups of three or five and got familiar with each other quickly.
山区的村民们习惯在傍晚三五成群地坐在村口，分享田间趣事。
Villagers in the mountain area are used to sitting at the village entrance in groups of three or five in the evening, sharing interesting things in the fields.
展览会上，参观者三五成群地驻足在名家画作前，低声交流感受。
At the exhibition, visitors stopped in front of famous paintings in groups of three or five, whispering their feelings.
雨后的广场上，鸽子三五成群地啄食着地面的面包屑。
On the square after the rain, pigeons pecked at the bread crumbs on the ground in groups of three or five.
下班高峰期，上班族三五成群地挤上地铁，车厢里瞬间热闹起来。
During the evening rush hour, office workers squeezed into the subway in groups of three or five, and the carriage became lively instantly.
1. 拼音：yī xí zhī dì
2. 意思：指放一个席位的地方，比喻应有的一个位置或容身之处，多用于表示在某种场合、领域中获得一定的地位或机会。
3. 出处：源自《旧唐书·后妃传上》：“妇人智识不远，有颜面者，得入宫中，恣所妆梳，终无贵宠，亦无讥毁，故虽天子之尊，四海之富，而不能容臣妾一席之地，其亦明矣。”后引申为“一席之地”，成为常用成语。
4. 近义词：
立足之地（指能够站得住脚的地方，比喻容身的处所或生存的基础）
一隅之地（指很小的一块地方，也可比喻应有的位置）
弹丸之地（形容地方非常狭小，此处指微小的容身之处）
5. 反义词：
无地自容（指没有地方可以让自己容身，形容非常羞愧）
无处容身（指没有地方能够安身，强调处境窘迫）
流离失所（指无处安身，到处流浪，与“有固定位置”相反）
6. 例句及英文翻译：
他凭借出色的才华，在竞争激烈的设计界赢得了一席之地。
With his outstanding talent, he has won a place in the highly competitive design industry.
这家新餐厅希望在美食之都占据一席之地，吸引更多食客。
This new restaurant hopes to secure a place in the food capital to attract more diners.
对于热爱文学的人来说，书店永远有他们的一席之地。
For those who love literature, bookstores always have a place for them.
她努力学习编程，希望在科技领域获得一席之地。
She studies programming hard, hoping to gain a foothold in the technology field.
传统手工艺在现代社会中，仍应保有一席之地。
Traditional handicrafts should still have a place in modern society.
这场比赛高手如云，他能否赢得一席之地还是未知数。
There are many masters in this competition, and it is still unknown whether he can win a place.
这个团队用创新理念，在行业中争得了一席之地。
With innovative concepts, this team has earned a place in the industry.
即使是小人物，也渴望在历史长河中留下一席之地。
Even ordinary people long to leave a place in the long history.
他坚信，真诚的态度能让自己在人际交往中占有一席之地。
He firmly believes that a sincere attitude can let him have a place in interpersonal communication.
新能源汽车正逐步在市场中占据一席之地，改变出行方式。
New energy vehicles are gradually gaining a place in the market, changing the way of travel.
1. 拼音：hùn wéi yī tán
2. 意思：把不同的事物混在一起，当作同样的事物谈论，强调忽视事物之间的差异，将本质不同的东西错误地等同看待。
3. 出处：源自唐代韩愈《平淮西碑》：“万口和附，并为一谈。”后演变为“混为一谈”，常用于指出对事物的错误归类或混淆认知。
4. 近义词：
相提并论（把不同的人或事物不加区别地放在一起谈论或看待，侧重同等看待）
同日而语（将不同时期的事物放在同一时间讨论，常用于否定句中表示不可混淆）
一概而论（用同一标准来对待或处理不同的事物，忽视个体差异）
5. 反义词：
泾渭分明（比喻界限清楚，是非、好坏分明，强调事物差异显著）
区别对待（根据事物的不同特点采取不同的处理方式，突出针对性）
分门别类（把事物按照不同的性质、特征等分成不同的类别，体现条理性）
6. 例句及英文翻译：
他总是把工作失误和个人能力混为一谈，忽略了客观因素的影响。
He always confuses work mistakes with personal ability, ignoring the influence of objective factors.
学习方法和学习态度是两回事，不能混为一谈。
Learning methods and learning attitudes are two different things and should not be confused.
网络言论的自由与造谣传谣的违法性，绝不能混为一谈。
The freedom of online speech and the illegality of spreading rumors must never be confused.
专家指出，流感和普通感冒症状相似，但病因不同，不可混为一谈。
Experts point out that influenza and the common cold have similar symptoms but different causes and should not be confused.
艺术创作的个性表达与违背伦理的行为，怎能混为一谈？
How can the personal expression of artistic creation be confused with unethical behavior?
父母不应将孩子的兴趣爱好与未来职业发展混为一谈，应尊重其选择。
Parents should not confuse their children's hobbies with future career development and should respect their choices.
历史剧中的虚构情节与真实史实，需明确区分，不可混为一谈。
Fictional plots in historical dramas and real historical facts need to be clearly distinguished and should not be confused.
节俭是美德，而吝啬是自私，二者不可混为一谈。
Frugality is a virtue, while stinginess is selfishness; the two should not be confused.
批评他人时，应就事论事，不要把过去的错误混为一谈。
When criticizing others, one should focus on the matter at hand and not confuse past mistakes.
商品的价格高低与质量优劣有时并非直接相关，不可混为一谈。
The high or low price of a product is sometimes not directly related to its quality and should not be confused.
1. 拼音：gǎn jī bù jìn
2. 意思：形容内心的感激之情无法用言语完全表达，强调对他人的帮助、恩情怀有极深的谢意。
3. 出处：源自明代冯梦龙《喻世明言》卷八：“驿官传扬道：‘若得撮合，当有重谢。’仲翔道：‘若得如此，吾兄厚德，真令人感激不尽。’”后成为表达深切感恩的常用成语。
4. 近义词：
感恩戴德（对他人的恩惠心存感激，致以敬意与感激之情）
感极涕零（感激到极点而流泪，形容极为感动）
铭感五内（感激之情深深刻在心中，强调内心的触动）
5. 反义词：
忘恩负义（忘记别人的恩情，做出背弃道义的事）
恩将仇报（用仇恨回报别人的恩惠，形容品行卑劣）
漠然置之（对他人的帮助或恩情冷漠对待，不予理会）
6. 例句及英文翻译：
您的救命之恩，我感激不尽，此生难忘。
I am extremely grateful for your life-saving kindness and will never forget it in my life.
感谢您在我困难时伸出援手，我真是感激不尽。
Thank you for lending me a hand when I was in trouble; I am truly grateful beyond words.
老师对我的悉心指导，让我感激不尽，受益终身。
I am extremely grateful for the teacher's careful guidance, which has benefited me for life.
若能帮我渡过难关，我必定感激不尽，涌泉相报。
If you can help me through this difficulty, I will be extremely grateful and repay you with涌泉之恩.
邻居阿姨总在我父母出差时照顾我，我感激不尽。
Aunt from the neighborhood always takes care of me when my parents are on business trips, and I am very grateful.
他对我的知遇之恩，让我感激不尽，愿为他全力以赴。
His kindness in recognizing my talent makes me extremely grateful, and I am willing to go all out for him.
医生妙手回春，治好了我多年的顽疾，我感激不尽。
The doctor's magical hands cured my chronic illness of many years, and I am extremely grateful.
感谢团队在项目中对我的支持，我感激不尽。
Thank you to the team for supporting me in the project; I am very grateful.
您的慷慨解囊让我重拾希望，我感激不尽。
Your generosity has made me regain hope, and I am extremely grateful.
朋友在我失意时的陪伴与鼓励，让我感激不尽。
My friend's company and encouragement when I was down make me extremely grateful.
1. 拼音：hù bù xiāng gān
2. 意思：指彼此之间没有任何关联或相互影响。
3. 出处：无特定古籍出处，是常用的表示关系的成语。
4. 近义词：
毫不相干：指跟某个事物没有丝毫联系，和互不相干一样，都强调事物间缺乏关联性。
风马牛不相及：原意是说马、牛奔驰，逃逸也不会跑到对方的境内，形容事物之间毫不相干，与互不相干相近，突出二者距离、关系的疏远。
5. 反义词：
息息相关：呼吸也相互关联。形容彼此的关系非常密切，与互不相干相反，体现事物之间紧密的联系。
休戚相关：忧喜、福祸彼此相关联。形容关系密切，利害相关，和互不相干形成鲜明对比，突出相互之间有重大影响。
6. 例句：
这两件事互不相干，不要混为一谈。
他们二人的工作互不相干，平时很少有交集。
这两个学科看似互不相干，其实存在着一些内在联系。
他的个人爱好和工作内容互不相干。
这两个公司的业务互不相干，经营方向完全不同。
我们讨论的话题互不相干，需要重新确定主题。
那两个历史事件在时间和空间上互不相干。
他们的争吵与我们互不相干，我们不要参与。
这两种现象在本质上互不相干，有着不同的成因。
他的选择和我的决定互不相干，各自有各自的考虑。
1. 拼音：chá wú shí jù
2. 意思：指经过调查后发现没有确实的证据能够证明所指控或怀疑的事情，强调因缺乏证据而无法认定事实。
3. 出处：源自清代李宝嘉《官场现形记》第一回：“阎王也有做不得主的时候，这时候说他是个清官，阎王要他做鬼判，旁边的判官就是说：‘查无实据。’”后常用于表示案件或指控因证据不足而无法成立。
4. 近义词：
证据不足（指支持某一观点或指控的证据不够充分，无法形成有效证明）
无凭无据（没有任何凭证或依据，强调缺乏事实支撑）
空口无凭（仅凭口头言说而没有实际证据，多用于否定某种说法）
5. 反义词：
证据确凿（指证据充分、确实，足以证明事实的真实性）
铁证如山（形容证据极其牢固，如同山一样不可动摇）
真凭实据（指确凿的凭据，强调证据的真实性和可靠性）
6. 例句及英文翻译：
警方调查多日，发现这起投诉查无实据，最终决定不予立案。
The police investigated for many days and found that the complaint had no factual evidence, so they finally decided not to file a case.
他虽被指控抄袭，但因查无实据，最终得以澄清。
Although he was accused of plagiarism, he was finally cleared because no factual evidence was found.
这份报告中的指控查无实据，纯属恶意中伤。
The accusations in this report are unfounded and purely malicious slander.
法院认为该案件查无实据，依法驳回了原告的诉讼请求。
The court held that the case had no factual evidence and dismissed the plaintiff's claim according to law.
对于查无实据的谣言，我们不应轻信和传播。
We should not credulously believe or spread rumors that have no factual evidence.
公司经内部审查后宣布，关于财务舞弊的举报查无实据。
After an internal review, the company announced that the report of financial fraud was unfounded.
调查显示，这些所谓的“违规行为”均查无实据。
The investigation showed that these so-called "violations" were all unsupported by factual evidence.
他因被人诬告而陷入困境，但最终因查无实据而洗清冤屈。
He was trapped in trouble due to being falsely accused, but was finally cleared of injustice because no factual evidence was found.
监管部门表示，此次对企业的处罚并非查无实据，而是有充分证据支持。
The regulatory authorities said that the penalty against the enterprise was not unfounded, but was supported by sufficient evidence.
若所有指控都查无实据，当事人有权追究诬告者的法律责任。
If all accusations are found to have no factual evidence, the party has the right to pursue the legal responsibility of the accuser.
1. 拼音：chūn qù qiū lái
2. 意思：指春天过去，秋天到来，形容时光流逝，季节更替，也可比喻岁月在自然变迁中悄然消逝。
3. 出处：源自元代关汉卿《鲁斋郎》楔子：“春去秋来，过了二十年光景。”后常用于描绘季节轮回或时光流转。
4. 近义词：
秋去春来（秋天过去，春天到来，强调季节循环往复，时光不断更替）
寒来暑往（寒冷的冬天到来，炎热的夏天过去，形容岁月随着季节变化而流逝）
光阴荏苒（指时间渐渐地过去了，多用于感慨时光易逝）
5. 反义词：
度日如年（过一天像过一年那样漫长，形容日子难熬，与时光飞逝相反）
停滞不前（指事物停止发展，不再前进，与时光自然流转的状态相反）
6. 例句及英文翻译：
春去秋来，老树的年轮又增加了一圈，见证着岁月的变迁。
As spring goes and autumn comes, the old tree adds another ring to its growth rings, witnessing the changes of time.
他在外漂泊多年，春去秋来，家乡的模样在记忆中渐渐模糊。
He has wandered outside for many years; as spring goes and autumn comes, the image of his hometown gradually fades in his memory.
花园里的花开花落，春去秋来，仿佛一首无声的时光赞歌。
Flowers bloom and fade in the garden, with spring departing and autumn arriving, like a silent hymn to time.
春去秋来，孩子们在季节的更替中慢慢长大，成为了懂事的少年。
As spring goes and autumn comes, children grow up slowly in the change of seasons and become sensible teenagers.
这位画家在山中隐居十年，春去秋来，他的画风也随心境逐渐改变。
The painter has lived in seclusion in the mountains for ten years; as spring goes and autumn comes, his painting style has gradually changed with his state of mind.
春去秋来，这条老街依旧保持着古朴的风貌，承载着几代人的回忆。
With spring passing and autumn coming, this old street still maintains its simple and ancient style, carrying the memories of several generations.
人生如四季，春去秋来，每个阶段都有独特的风景。
Life is like the four seasons; as spring goes and autumn comes, each stage has its unique scenery.
春去秋来，候鸟每年都会准时迁徙，展现着大自然的奇妙规律。
When spring departs and autumn arrives, migratory birds migrate on time every year, demonstrating the wonderful laws of nature.
他站在窗前，看春去秋来，感叹时光如白驹过隙，转眼已是中年。
He stood by the window, watching spring go and autumn come, lamenting that time flies like a white horse passing through a gap, and in the blink of an eye, he has reached middle age.
这部小说以春去秋来为时间线索，讲述了一个跨越十年的爱情故事。
Taking the cycle of spring to autumn as the time clue, this novel tells a love story spanning ten years.
1. 拼音：xiǎo yǐ lì hài
2. 意思：指把事情的利害关系给人讲清楚，让对方明白其中的好处与危害，从而做出正确的判断或选择。
3. 出处：源自清代李宝嘉《官场现形记》第五十四回：“幸亏文案上得了他的信，就替他设法，先晓以利害，劝他不必多事。”后常用于表示通过分析利弊来劝说他人。
4. 近义词：
权衡利弊（分析事情的有利和不利方面，让对方斟酌考量）
喻之以理（用道理来开导、说服对方，强调以理性方式沟通）
明辨利害（让对方清楚地认识到事情的利益与危害，从而明确态度）
5. 反义词：
混淆是非（故意把正确的说成错误的，错误的说成正确的，使是非不清）
蒙蔽视听（用虚假的信息迷惑人，掩盖真相，让人无法认清事实）
6. 例句及英文翻译：
老师耐心地向学生晓以利害，让他们明白沉迷游戏的危害。
The teacher patiently explained the advantages and disadvantages to the students, making them understand the harm of being addicted to games.
警方对嫌疑人晓以利害，劝其尽早交代犯罪事实。
The police explained the stakes to the suspect and urged him to confess the criminal facts as soon as possible.
家长应学会向孩子晓以利害，而非单纯地禁止他们做某事。
Parents should learn to explain the pros and cons to their children instead of simply forbidding them from doing something.
谈判专家通过晓以利害，成功说服劫匪释放人质。
The negotiation expert successfully persuaded the robber to release the hostages by explaining the interests and dangers.
经理向员工晓以利害，让大家明白项目延期对公司的影响。
The manager explained the stakes to the employees, making them understand the impact of project delay on the company.
律师晓以利害后，当事人决定放弃不合理的诉求。
After the lawyer explained the advantages and disadvantages, the client decided to give up the unreasonable claim.
教练向运动员晓以利害，强调违规参赛的严重后果。
The coach explained the stakes to the athletes, emphasizing the serious consequences of violating the rules to participate in the competition.
社区工作人员向居民晓以利害，劝说大家配合疫情防控措施。
The community workers explained the pros and cons to the residents and persuaded them to cooperate with the epidemic prevention and control measures.
他通过晓以利害，让合作伙伴明白违约将面临巨额赔偿。
He explained the interests and dangers to his partner, making him understand that breach of contract would face huge compensation.
导师晓以利害地分析了留学选择，帮助学生做出更理性的决定。
The tutor analyzed the study abroad choices by explaining the stakes, helping students make more rational decisions.
1. 拼音：niǔ niǔ niē niē
2. 意思：形容言行举止不自然、不大方，态度拘谨羞怯，或故意做出忸怩作态的样子。
3. 出处：源自明代吴承恩《西游记》第五十四回：“那女子转进房，止取出一件来，递与国王。国王见了，不敢接，那女子将衣服抖开，明霞光彩，说：‘大王，快穿了莫扭扭捏捏！’”后多用来形容人举止拘束。
4. 近义词：
忸忸怩怩（形容人害羞、不大方的样子，与“扭扭捏捏”同义，强调动作和神态的拘谨）
羞羞答答（形容因害羞而举止不自然，多用于女性，侧重神态的羞怯）
矫揉造作（故意做出某种姿态或动作，显得不自然，强调刻意为之的虚假感）
5. 反义词：
大大方方（形容言行举止自然、不拘束，态度从容得体，与拘谨羞怯相反）
落落大方（形容人言谈举止自然得体，不羞涩、不扭捏，侧重气质的洒脱）
举止自若（行为举止自然，不受约束，强调心态镇定、动作自然）
6. 例句及英文翻译：
她平时胆子很大，一上台却扭扭捏捏，不敢直视观众。
She is usually bold, but she acts timid and hesitant on stage, dare not look directly at the audience.
别再扭扭捏捏了，有话就直说吧！
Stop being coy and hesitant; just say what you want to say directly!
孩子第一次上台表演，难免有些扭扭捏捏。
It's inevitable for the child to be a bit timid and hesitant when performing on stage for the first time.
他向心仪的女孩表白时，紧张得扭扭捏捏，话都说不连贯。
When he confessed to his crush, he was so nervous and hesitant that he couldn't speak coherently.
这位新同事性格内向，见人总是扭扭捏捏的。
The new colleague is introverted and always acts timid and hesitant when meeting people.
舞蹈老师纠正学生：“动作要舒展，别扭扭捏捏的！”
The dance teacher corrected the students: "Movements should be舒展 (smooth and natural), don't be timid and hesitant!"
聚会中，他扭扭捏捏地不肯参与游戏，显得有些不合群。
At the party, he was too timid and hesitant to participate in the games, looking a bit unsociable.
妈妈鼓励女儿：“上台领奖时要大方，别扭扭捏捏的。”
Mom encouraged her daughter: "Be generous when going on stage to receive the award, don't be timid and hesitant."
演员在镜头前若总是扭扭捏捏，会影响角色的表现力。
If an actor is always timid and hesitant in front of the camera, it will affect the expressiveness of the role.
他扭扭捏捏地拿出礼物，小声说：“这是给你的生日惊喜。”
He took out the gift timidly and hesitantly, whispering: "This is a birthday surprise for you."
1. 拼音：shǒu kǒu rú píng
2. 意思：指紧闭嘴巴，像瓶口密封一样，形容说话谨慎，严守秘密，从不轻易透露任何信息。
3. 出处：源自宋代周密《癸辛杂识别集》下卷：“富郑公有‘守口如瓶，防意如城’之语。”后常用于强调保守秘密的坚定态度。
4. 近义词：
秘而不宣（把秘密藏起来，不对外宣扬，强调主动隐藏信息）
缄口不言（闭紧嘴巴不说话，多指因某种原因刻意保持沉默）
言必有据（说话必定有依据，虽侧重严谨，但也隐含不随意透露无根据信息的意味）
5. 反义词：
信口开河（随口乱说，毫无顾忌，与谨慎守密完全相反）
直言不讳（说话坦率，毫无顾忌，多含褒义，但此处指不加保留地透露信息）
泄露天机（擅自透露秘密或重要信息，强调秘密被公开的行为）
6. 例句及英文翻译：
他对公司的机密守口如瓶，从未向任何人透露过。
He kept the company's secrets as tight as a drum and never revealed them to anyone.
这件事关系重大，你必须守口如瓶，绝不能告诉别人。
This matter is of great importance. You must keep your mouth shut and never tell anyone.
老将军对当年的作战计划守口如瓶，直到去世前才写下回忆录。
The old general kept the battle plan of that year as secret as a sealed bottle, and only wrote a memoir before his death.
她答应帮朋友保守秘密，始终守口如瓶，从未失信。
She promised to keep her friend's secret and always kept her mouth shut, never breaking her promise.
谈判期间，双方代表都对核心条款守口如瓶，防止信息泄露。
During the negotiation, representatives of both sides kept the core terms as secret as a bottle to prevent information leakage.
医生对患者的隐私必须守口如瓶，这是职业操守的基本要求。
Doctors must keep patients' privacy as tight as a drum, which is a basic requirement of professional ethics.
即使被再三追问，他依旧守口如瓶，不肯透露旅行的目的地。
Even when repeatedly asked, he still kept his mouth shut and refused to reveal the travel destination.
团队成员对新项目的创意守口如瓶，直到发布会当天才公开。
The team members kept the ideas of the new project as secret as a sealed bottle until the day of the press conference.
父亲常教导我：“对他人的隐私要守口如瓶，这是尊重的表现。”
My father often taught me: "Keep other people's privacy as tight as a drum. This is a sign of respect."
间谍在被捕后守口如瓶，始终没有泄露组织的任何信息。
The spy kept his mouth shut after being arrested and never revealed any information about the organization.
1. 拼音：běn wèi zhǔ yì
2. 意思：指在处理问题时，只从本单位、本部门或个人的利益出发，缺乏整体观念和全局意识的思想作风。
3. 出处：该词源于20世纪中期的汉语语境，多用于批评局部利益优先于整体利益的思维模式，无明确古籍出处，是现代政治或管理领域的术语。
4. 近义词：
局部主义（强调只关注局部或部分利益，忽视整体协调，与“本位主义”同义）
小团体主义（指局限于小团体利益，不顾整体利益的狭隘思想，侧重团体层面的狭隘性）
各自为政（各自行事，不考虑全局协调，强调行动上的分散与缺乏配合）
5. 反义词：
全局观念（从整体和长远角度考虑问题，注重统筹协调，与局部利益优先相反）
大公无私（秉持公正，不谋私利，强调以集体利益为重的高尚品格）
统筹兼顾（统一规划，兼顾各方利益，体现全面协调的思维方式）
6. 例句及英文翻译：
部门间若一味坚持本位主义，会影响公司整体战略的推进。
If departments blindly adhere to departmentalism, it will affect the promotion of the company's overall strategy.
领导强调：“要打破本位主义，以全局视角解决项目难题。”
The leader emphasized: "We must break through departmentalism and solve project problems from a global perspective."
这种本位主义的做法，让团队合作陷入了各自为战的困境。
This practice of departmentalism has put team cooperation into a predicament of each fighting their own battle.
地方政府若陷入本位主义，可能会阻碍区域经济的协同发展。
If local governments fall into departmentalism, it may hinder the coordinated development of the regional economy.
他批评某些同事：“别总想着部门利益，本位主义要不得！”
He criticized some colleagues: "Don't always think about departmental interests. Departmentalism is not acceptable!"
项目失败的主因是团队内部的本位主义，缺乏资源共享意识。
The main reason for the project's failure was the departmentalism within the team, lacking the awareness of resource sharing.
破除本位主义，需要建立跨部门协作的长效机制。
To break down departmentalism, it is necessary to establish a long-term mechanism for cross-departmental collaboration.
企业管理者应警惕本位主义思想，避免因局部利益损害整体利益。
Enterprise managers should be alert to departmentalism and avoid damaging overall interests due to local interests.
这场争论暴露出各单位的本位主义倾向，亟待上级协调解决。
This dispute has exposed the departmentalism tendency of each unit, which urgently needs to be coordinated and solved by superiors.
教育体系若存在本位主义，会限制学生跨领域知识的整合能力。
If there is departmentalism in the education system, it will limit students' ability to integrate cross-disciplinary knowledge.
1. 拼音：shēng sǐ zhī jiāo
2. 意思：指可以共生死、同患难的朋友，形容情谊极其深厚、牢不可破的朋友关系。
3. 出处：源自元代郑德辉《绉梅香》第三折：“晋公在枪刀险难之中，我父亲挺身赴战，救他一命，身中六枪，因此上与俺父亲结为生死之交。”后多用于描述超越普通友谊的深厚羁绊。
4. 近义词：
刎颈之交（指哪怕割脖子也不背叛对方的朋友，强调情谊坚定、可以为对方牺牲）
患难之交（在艰难困苦中结成的朋友，侧重共同经历磨难而形成的深厚感情）
莫逆之交（彼此心意相通、情投意合的朋友，强调思想契合与默契）
5. 反义词：
泛泛之交（指交情不深、关系普通的朋友，与深厚情谊形成鲜明对比）
狐朋狗友（指相互勾结、品行不端的朋友，侧重关系的功利性与不可靠）
萍水相逢（比喻素不相识的人偶然相遇，强调关系的短暂与陌生）
6. 例句及英文翻译：
他们曾在战场上并肩作战，是彼此性命相托的生死之交。
They once fought side by side on the battlefield and were sworn friends who entrusted each other with their lives.
这对老夫妻经历过饥荒与战乱，早已是超越爱情的生死之交。
The old couple has experienced famine and war, and they have long been sworn friends beyond love.
他把对方当作生死之交，却没想到对方竟为利益背叛了他。
He regarded the other as a sworn friend, but he didn't expect that the other would betray him for profit.
书中的两位主角在冒险中结为生死之交，情谊令人动容。
The two protagonists in the book became sworn friends during the adventure, and their friendship is touching.
父亲常说，年轻时的生死之交，是一生最珍贵的财富。
My father often said that sworn friends in youth are the most precious wealth in life.
即使相隔千里，他们依旧是彼此心中无可替代的生死之交。
Even if they are thousands of miles apart, they are still irreplaceable sworn friends in each other's hearts.
团队在绝境中相互扶持，最终成为了可以交付后背的生死之交。
The team supported each other in a desperate situation and finally became sworn friends who could trust each other with their backs.
她从未想过，一次意外竟让她收获了一位生死之交。
She never thought that an accident would make her gain a sworn friend.
历史上的英雄们，多因共同的信仰结为生死之交。
Throughout history, heroes have often become sworn friends because of their common beliefs.
真正的生死之交，是即便多年未见，重逢时仍能心意相通。
A true sworn friend is someone who can still understand each other when they meet again, even if they haven't seen each other for many years.
1. 拼音：wú yī wú kào
2. 意思：形容孤独无助，没有任何依靠或支持，多指生活中缺乏亲人、朋友或外界的帮助。
3. 出处：源自元代关汉卿《单刀会》第三折：“孤穷刘备，无依无靠，他有意要谋俺荆州。”后在《红楼梦》等古典文学中也有使用，用以描绘人物的困顿处境。
4. 近义词：
孤苦伶仃（形容孤独困苦，无依无靠，侧重生活困苦与精神孤独）
举目无亲（抬起眼睛看不到亲人，指在陌生环境中没有依靠，强调环境的陌生与孤立）
形单影只（身体和影子都只有一个，形容孤独无伴，侧重状态的孤单）
5. 反义词：
有恃无恐（因有依靠而不害怕，强调有所依仗的安全感）
众星捧月（像众星环绕月亮般被众人拥护，形容备受关爱与支持）
相依为命（互相依靠着生活，强调彼此依赖、互为支撑的关系）
6. 例句及英文翻译：
战乱中失去家人的孩子，从此无依无靠，只能流浪街头。
The child who lost his family in the war was left without support, wandering the streets alone.
她远嫁异国后与家人断了联系，一度觉得无依无靠。
After marrying far away in a foreign country and losing contact with her family, she once felt helpless and alone.
小说中的主角自幼无依无靠，却凭借毅力闯出了一番天地。
The protagonist in the novel was left without support since childhood, but made a career through perseverance.
这场意外让他失去了所有亲人，瞬间变得无依无靠。
The accident made him lose all his relatives and left him helpless overnight.
慈善机构收留了许多无依无靠的孤寡老人。
Charitable organizations have taken in many helpless elderly people without families.
他总说自己无依无靠，实则身边有许多默默关心他的朋友。
He always says he has no one to rely on, but in fact, there are many friends who care about him silently.
古代文人常以诗词抒发无依无靠的漂泊之感。
Ancient literati often used poems to express the feeling of wandering without support.
别让独居的老人感到无依无靠，多给予他们陪伴与关怀。
Don't let the elderly living alone feel helpless; give them more company and care.
电影中的流浪狗无依无靠，却始终对人类保持着信任。
The stray dog in the movie was helpless, but it always maintained trust in humans.
即便身处无依无靠的境地，他也从未放弃对生活的希望。
Even in a situation where he had no one to rely on, he never gave up hope for life.
1. 拼音：dà dòng gān gē
2. 意思：原指大规模动用武力进行战争，现多比喻因小事而大张旗鼓地行动或争执，含贬义，强调行为的激烈与不必要。
3. 出处：源自《论语·季氏》：“邦分崩离析，而不能守也；而谋动干戈于邦内。”后在《西游记》《封神演义》等古典小说中常用以描述战争或激烈冲突。
4. 近义词：
大张旗鼓（形容声势和规模很大，强调行动的高调与张扬）
兴师动众（发动很多人做某事，多含小题大做之意）
兵戎相见（以武力解决问题，强调冲突的暴力形式）
5. 反义词：
偃旗息鼓（放下军旗、停止击鼓，指停止争斗或行动）
化干戈为玉帛（将战争或冲突转化为和平友好，强调矛盾的化解）
不动声色（态度镇定，不外露情绪或行动，与激烈行为形成对比）
6. 例句及英文翻译：
为了一点小事就大动干戈，实在不值得。
It's not worth making a big fuss over a trivial matter.
两家企业因商标纠纷大动干戈，最终两败俱伤。
The two companies went to great lengths over a trademark dispute, eventually both suffering losses.
历史上许多王朝因内部矛盾大动干戈，加速了灭亡。
Many dynasties in history launched wars due to internal conflicts, accelerating their demise.
父母劝他别为琐事和邻居大动干戈，应以和为贵。
His parents advised him not to make a big deal with neighbors over trivialities, emphasizing harmony.
这部剧的情节围绕两大家族大动干戈展开，充满戏剧性。
The plot of the play revolves around the fierce conflict between two big families, full of drama.
团队若因意见不合就大动干戈，将无法完成目标。
If a team makes a big fuss over disagreements, it can't achieve its goals.
他没想到一场误会竟让朋友间大动干戈，最终形同陌路。
He didn't expect a misunderstanding to lead to a big conflict between friends, eventually making them strangers.
外交场合应避免大动干戈，以协商解决分歧。
In diplomatic settings, we should avoid drastic actions and resolve differences through negotiation.
小说中武林各派为争夺秘籍大动干戈，血流成河。
In the novel, martial arts factions launched a fierce battle for a secret manual, resulting in bloodshed.
聪明的管理者会用沟通化解矛盾，而非大动干戈。
A wise manager resolves conflicts through communication instead of taking drastic actions.
1. 拼音：yǐ fáng bù cè
2. 意思：指预先做好准备，以防止意外情况或不好的事情发生，强调提前防范的意识。
3. 出处：源自清代吴趼人《糊涂世界》卷十一：“我把这事告知了他，以防不测。”后在《官场现形记》等作品中也有使用，体现对潜在风险的警惕。
4. 近义词：
有备无患（事先做好准备，就可以避免祸患，侧重准备的必要性）
防患未然（在事故或灾害发生前就加以防范，强调预防的时效性）
未雨绸缪（下雨前就修补好房屋，比喻提前做好准备，侧重行动的前瞻性）
5. 反义词：
临渴掘井（口渴时才挖井，比喻事到临头才做准备，强调准备的滞后性）
亡羊补牢（羊丢了才修补羊圈，虽有补救但已受损失，侧重事后弥补）
麻痹大意（缺乏警惕，疏忽大意，对潜在风险不重视）
6. 例句及英文翻译：
出门前检查门窗，以防不测。
Check the doors and windows before going out to prevent any unexpected situations.
他随身携带急救包，以防不测。
He carries a first-aid kit with him to be prepared for any contingency.
公司制定应急预案，以防不测。
The company has formulated emergency plans to guard against accidents.
登山时要告知他人路线，以防不测。
When climbing mountains, inform others of the route to prevent any misfortune.
老人在家安装报警器，以防不测。
The elderly install alarms at home to prepare for unexpected events.
重要文件备份存档，以防不测。
Backup important documents to guard against unforeseen circumstances.
长途驾驶前检查车况，以防不测。
Check the vehicle condition before long-distance driving to prevent any accidents.
户外活动带足水源和食物，以防不测。
Bring enough water and food for outdoor activities to be prepared for emergencies.
旅行时购买保险，以防不测。
Buy insurance when traveling to guard against unexpected accidents.
比赛前做好热身，以防不测受伤。
Warm up before the game to prevent unexpected injuries.
1. 拼音：zhōng dào ér fèi
2. 意思：指做事中途停止，未能坚持到底，强调因意志不坚定或遇到困难而放弃，含贬义。
3. 出处：源自《论语·雍也》：“力不足者，中道而废。”后在《史记·滑稽列传》等文献中沿用，形容做事半途而废的行为。
4. 近义词：
半途而废（做事到一半就放弃，未能完成，侧重行动的中断）
功败垂成（在接近成功时失败，强调因最后关头放弃而前功尽弃）
有始无终（做事有开头无结尾，缺乏坚持到底的决心）
5. 反义词：
持之以恒（长久坚持下去，侧重意志的坚定性）
锲而不舍（不断雕刻，比喻坚持不懈，强调毅力）
善始善终（做事从开头到结尾都很完善，侧重过程的完整性）
6. 例句及英文翻译：
他学琴三年却中道而废，如今技艺全废。
He gave up learning the piano halfway through after three years, and now his skills are completely lost.
项目若中道而废，前期投入将血本无归。
If the project is abandoned halfway, the previous investment will be lost entirely.
古人云“行百里者半九十”，切勿中道而废。
As the ancient saying goes, "The last part of a journey is the most difficult," never give up halfway.
她因备考辛苦而中道而废，错失升学机会。
She gave up halfway due to the hardship of exam preparation and missed the opportunity for further study.
创业路上难免挫折，但若中道而废终将一事无成。
Setbacks are inevitable in entrepreneurship, but giving up halfway will lead to nothing.
父母告诫他：做事不可中道而废，需有始有终。
His parents warned him: Never give up halfway; always see things through.
这部小说因作者中道而废，至今未完结。
The novel remains unfinished because the author gave up halfway.
训练虽累，但运动员们从未中道而废。
Although the training was tiring, the athletes never gave up halfway.
学习如逆水行舟，中道而废则前功尽弃。
Learning is like sailing against the current—giving up halfway nullifies all previous efforts.
团队若在关键时刻中道而废，将辜负所有人的期望。
If the team gives up halfway at a critical moment, it will fail to live up to everyone's expectations.
1. 拼音：xīn míng yǎn liàng
2. 意思：形容人头脑清醒、洞察力强，对事物的认识清晰透彻，能明辨是非或看清本质。
3. 出处：源自清代曾朴《孽海花》第十八回：“姜惺斋真心佩服，赶着说：‘妙，妙！真是心明眼亮！’”后在《儿女英雄传》等作品中也有使用，强调思维与观察力的敏锐。
4. 近义词：
明察秋毫（能看清极细微的事物，侧重观察细致入微）
洞若观火（对事物观察得非常清楚，像看火一样明白，侧重认知透彻）
独具慧眼（具有独特的眼光和洞察力，侧重眼光独到）
5. 反义词：
昏头昏脑（头脑迷糊，神志不清，缺乏清晰判断）
雾里看花（看事物模糊不清，认知不真切）
是非不分（无法分辨正确与错误，判断能力薄弱）
6. 例句及英文翻译：
他心明眼亮，一眼就识破了对方的谎言。
He was clear-minded and sharp-eyed, seeing through the other person's lie at a glance.
老教授心明眼亮，总能指出学生论文中的关键问题。
The old professor is discerning and can always point out the key issues in students' theses.
面对复杂局势，领导者需心明眼亮，做出正确决策。
Facing complex situations, leaders need to be clear-headed and make correct decisions.
她心明眼亮，早就料到事情会有变数。
She was insightful and had long expected changes in the matter.
读史书能让人心明眼亮，汲取前人智慧。
Reading historical books can make people clear-minded and draw on the wisdom of predecessors.
谈判中，他心明眼亮，始终掌握着主动权。
In the negotiation, he was sharp and kept the initiative throughout.
家长心明眼亮，才能帮孩子辨别网络信息的真伪。
Only when parents are discerning can they help children distinguish the authenticity of online information.
侦探心明眼亮，从细节中找到了破案的关键线索。
The detective was perceptive and found the key clue to solving the case in the details.
年轻人应心明眼亮，抵制不良诱惑。
Young people should be clear-headed and resist bad temptations.
即使身处困境，他依然心明眼亮，规划着未来的出路。
Even in a difficult situation, he remained clear-headed and planned a way out for the future.
1. 拼音：wèi suō bù qián
2. 意思：畏惧退缩，不敢向前。形容人在面对困难、危险等情况时表现出胆小、怯懦的态度。
3. 出处：宋·魏泰《东轩笔录》：“唐介始弹张尧佐，谏官皆上疏，及弹文彦博，则吴奎畏缩不前，当时谓拽动阵脚。”
4. 近义词：
望而却步：远远望见了就吓得直后退，不敢前行，和畏缩不前类似，都体现因害怕而不敢向前的心理。
停滞不前：停止下来，不继续前进，也有因某些原因（包括心理上的畏惧等）而不再向前发展的意思，与畏缩不前相近。
5. 反义词：
勇往直前：勇敢地一直向前进，与畏缩不前相反，突出勇敢无畏、积极向前的精神。
奋勇向前：鼓起勇气，朝着前方前进，强调在困难面前不畏惧，积极行动，和畏缩不前形成鲜明对比。
6. 例句：
遇到一点困难就畏缩不前，怎么能取得成功呢？
在挑战面前，他畏缩不前，失去了宝贵的机会。
战士们绝不畏缩不前，哪怕敌人再强大。
有些人在改革的道路上畏缩不前，阻碍了发展。
她一看到那只大狗就畏缩不前了。
当面对未知的领域时，不要畏缩不前，要勇敢探索。
他在创业的艰难时期畏缩不前，导致公司最终倒闭。
在学习新技能的过程中，不能畏缩不前，要努力克服困难。
这个团队在困难面前没有畏缩不前，而是努力寻找解决方案。
他因为害怕失败而畏缩不前，错过了很多精彩的经历。
1. 拼音：fēng kǒu làng jiān
2. 意思：指风浪最大的地方，比喻社会斗争激烈、矛盾尖锐的焦点位置或危险的境地。
3. 出处：源自近代文学作品，如刘绍棠《蒲柳人家》中“他被推到了风口浪尖上”，后在新闻报道、政论文章中广泛使用，形容处于舆论或矛盾的中心。
4. 近义词：
漩涡中心（比喻卷入复杂的矛盾或斗争核心，侧重被裹挟的状态）
是非之地（指容易引发争议或纠纷的环境，强调环境的危险性）
舆论焦点（成为公众议论的中心，侧重被关注的程度）
5. 反义词：
世外桃源（比喻安宁平和、与世无争的理想境地，与纷争无关）
默默无闻（处于不被关注、无人知晓的状态，远离争议）
销声匿迹（隐藏起来，不再公开露面，脱离公众视线）
6. 例句及英文翻译：
这位明星因绯闻陷入风口浪尖，形象大跌。
The celebrity fell into the spotlight due to scandals, and his image plummeted.
政策出台后，部门负责人被推到了风口浪尖。
After the policy was introduced, the department head was pushed to the center of the storm.
企业污染事件曝光后，管理层处于风口浪尖。
After the enterprise's pollution incident was exposed, the management was in the hot seat.
他主动站到风口浪尖，为弱势群体发声。
He took the initiative to stand in the spotlight and speak for vulnerable groups.
历史上的改革者常处于风口浪尖，承受巨大压力。
Reformers in history were often in the eye of the storm, under enormous pressure.
社交媒体让普通人也可能瞬间身处风口浪尖。
Social media can make ordinary people suddenly find themselves in the spotlight.
球队失利后，教练成了风口浪尖上的人物。
After the team's defeat, the coach became the center of attention.
她巧妙应对危机，带领公司走出风口浪尖。
She skillfully handled the crisis and led the company out of the storm.
事件发酵后，当事人始终回避风口浪尖。
After the incident escalated, the parties involved always avoided the spotlight.
身处风口浪尖的他，仍保持冷静应对质疑。
He, who was in the eye of the storm, still remained calm in the face of doubts.
1. 拼音：qiān chuāng bǎi kǒng
2. 意思：原形容物体被刺得布满孔洞，后多比喻事物破败不堪，存在许多漏洞、弊病或遭受严重破坏的状态。
3. 出处：源自唐代韩愈《与孟尚书书》：“汉室以来，群儒区区修补，百孔千疮，随乱随失，其危如一发引千钧。”后多用以形容问题繁多且严重。
4. 近义词：
满目疮痍（形容景象残破不堪，侧重遭受破坏后的惨烈状态）
百孔千疮（与“千疮百孔”同义，指漏洞极多或破坏严重）
残缺不全（因破损而不完整，侧重结构或内容的缺失）
5. 反义词：
完美无缺（形容事物十分完善，没有任何缺陷）
完好无损（保持完整，没有受到任何损伤）
固若金汤（形容防御十分坚固，不可摧毁，引申为事物稳固无缺）
6. 例句及英文翻译：
这座百年老宅历经风雨，如今已是千疮百孔。
The century-old house has gone through wind and rain, and now it is full of holes.
长期的战乱让这片土地千疮百孔，民不聊生。
Long-term wars have left the land battered and the people miserable.
公司的财务制度千疮百孔，亟待整改。
The company's financial system is full of loopholes and urgently needs rectification.
古籍因保存不当，页面已变得千疮百孔。
Due to improper preservation, the pages of the ancient book have become full of holes.
环境破坏让生态系统千疮百孔，修复工作刻不容缓。
Environmental damage has left the ecosystem in a state of ruin, and restoration work is urgent.
他的谎言被拆穿后，逻辑体系显得千疮百孔。
After his lies were exposed, his logical system appeared full of flaws.
传统手工艺在现代化冲击下，传承体系已千疮百孔。
Under the impact of modernization, the inheritance system of traditional craftsmanship has been severely damaged.
老旧的管道千疮百孔，导致多次停水事故。
The old pipes are full of holes, leading to multiple water outages.
历史遗留的矛盾让地区局势千疮百孔，和平进程困难重重。
Historical contradictions have left the regional situation in a state of chaos, and the peace process is fraught with difficulties.
这部小说的情节设置千疮百孔，难以自圆其说。
The plot of this novel is full of loopholes and difficult to justify.
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