常用成语 第128天 中考成语 高考成语
1. 拼音：pòtónglàntiě
2. 意思：原指破旧生锈的铜铁器物，现多比喻无用的东西或价值极低的物品，也可指技艺不精的人或团队。
3. 出处：清代袁枚《新齐谐·破铜烂铁》：“破铜烂铁，皆有利用之处。”
4. 近义词：
废铜烂铁（指废弃无用的铜铁制品，与“破铜烂铁”意思相近，均强调物品的废弃和无用）
残羹冷炙（指吃剩的饭菜，也可比喻别人施舍的东西，与“破铜烂铁”在“无用、价值低”的含义上有一定关联）
5. 反义词：
奇珍异宝（指珍贵难得的宝物，与“破铜烂铁”在价值上形成鲜明对比，强调物品的珍贵性）
价值连城（形容物品价值极高，无法用金钱衡量，与“破铜烂铁”的低价值形成强烈反差）
6. 例句及英文翻译：
仓库角落里堆满了破铜烂铁，很久都没人清理。
There is a pile of broken copper and rotten iron in the corner of the warehouse, which hasn't been cleaned for a long time.
别把这些破铜烂铁当宝贝，其实它们根本不值钱。
Don't take these broken copper and rotten iron as treasures; they are actually worthless.
他把家里的破铜烂铁收集起来，竟然卖出了一点钱。
He collected the broken copper and rotten iron at home and even sold them for a little money.
这个团队被嘲笑为破铜烂铁，却在比赛中取得了惊人的成绩。
The team was mocked as broken copper and rotten iron, but it achieved amazing results in the competition.
工地上的破铜烂铁被回收后，还能重新提炼利用。
After the broken copper and rotten iron on the construction site are recycled, they can be refined and reused.
别小看这些破铜烂铁，经过改造也许能变成艺术品。
Don't look down on these broken copper and rotten iron; they may be transformed into artworks through modification.
他的工具箱里全是破铜烂铁，找不到一件能用的工具。
His toolbox is full of broken copper and rotten iron, and there is no usable tool.
这家废品回收站专门收购破铜烂铁，然后进行分类处理。
This waste recycling station specializes in purchasing broken copper and rotten iron and then classifying them.
她把破铜烂铁焊接在一起，做成了一个独特的装饰品。
She welded the broken copper and rotten iron together and made a unique decoration.
这些破铜烂铁在别人眼里一文不值，他却视若珍宝。
These broken copper and rotten iron are worthless in the eyes of others, but he regards them as treasures.
1. 拼音：zàishēngfùmǔ
2. 意思：指对自己有重大恩情、救自己于危难之中，如同给予自己第二次生命的人。
3. 出处：《元史·乌古孙泽传》：“是吾民复生之父母也。”
4. 近义词：
恩重如山（恩情像山一样深重，强调对方给予的恩惠极大，难以报答）
再造之恩（像重新给予生命一样的恩情，形容恩情极大，与“再生父母”的“给予第二次生命”之意相近）
5. 反义词：
血海深仇（形容仇恨极深，如同血海中的深仇大恨，与“再生父母”所代表的恩情形成截然相反的情感）
不共戴天（指仇恨极深，不能在同一个天底下共存，强调双方矛盾尖锐，与“恩情”概念完全对立）
6. 例句及英文翻译：
医生从死神手中救了他，他视医生为再生父母。
The doctor saved him from the god of death, and he regards the doctor as his reborn parent.
若没有恩人当年的救助，他早已不在人世，恩人就是他的再生父母。
Without the savior's rescue back then, he would have been dead long ago. The savior is his reborn parent.
这位老师不仅教他知识，更帮他走出困境，他一直将老师当作再生父母。
This teacher not only taught him knowledge but also helped him out of difficulties. He has always regarded the teacher as his reborn parent.
灾民们对救援队感激涕零，称他们是再生父母。
The disaster victims were extremely grateful to the rescue team, calling them reborn parents.
他逢人便说：“老班长就是我的再生父母，没有他就没有我的今天。”
He tells everyone, "The old squad leader is my reborn parent. Without him, there would be no me today."
这位企业家资助贫困学生完成学业，被孩子们视为再生父母。
The entrepreneur who funded poor students to complete their studies is regarded as a reborn parent by the children.
战士们冒着生命危险救下村民，村民们将他们看作再生父母。
The soldiers risked their lives to save the villagers, who regarded them as reborn parents.
她总说福利院的阿姨是她的再生父母，给了她温暖的家。
She always says that the aunt in the welfare institute is her reborn parent, who gave her a warm home.
在他最绝望的时候，是这位陌生人伸出援手，他视其为再生父母。
When he was most desperate, it was this stranger who reached out, and he regarded him as his reborn parent.
对于那些在饥荒中救助过他的村民，他一直当作再生父母般感恩。
He has always been grateful to the villagers who helped him during the famine, treating them like reborn parents.
1. 拼音：cáimàoshuāngquán
2. 意思：指才华和容貌两方面都非常出色，兼具才智与美貌。
3. 出处：明代洪楩《清平山堂话本·风月瑞仙亭》：“孩儿见他才貌双全，有心看上他。”
4. 近义词：
才貌超群（才华与容貌都超出常人，强调在群体中尤为突出）
德才兼备（既具备优秀的品德，又拥有出众的才能，与“才貌双全”同属综合素养的褒奖，但侧重“德”与“才”）
5. 反义词：
才疏貌寝（才华欠缺且容貌平庸，与“才貌双全”形成反义，强调才与貌均无优势）
庸陋无能（形容才智平庸、能力低下且缺乏魅力，与“才貌双全”的优秀特质完全对立）
6. 例句及英文翻译：
她不仅成绩优异，容貌出众，是大家公认的才貌双全的才女。
She not only has excellent grades and outstanding appearance but is also公认的 (universally recognized as) a talented woman with both ability and beauty.
这部小说的主角是一位才貌双全的青年，吸引了众多读者的喜爱。
The protagonist of this novel is a young man with both talent and beauty, which has attracted the love of many readers.
历史上的李清照才貌双全，其词作至今仍被广泛传颂。
Li Qingzhao in history had both talent and beauty, and her ci poems are still widely praised today.
选美比赛中，选手不仅要外貌出众，更需展现才貌双全的综合素质。
In beauty pageants, contestants not only need outstanding looks but also need to show the comprehensive quality of both talent and beauty.
他才貌双全，却十分谦逊，深受同事和领导的喜爱。
He has both talent and beauty but is very humble, which is deeply loved by colleagues and leaders.
剧中的女主角才貌双全，凭借智慧和美貌化解了重重危机。
The female lead in the play has both talent and beauty and resolves many crises with wisdom and beauty.
这位才貌双全的艺术家，在绘画和音乐领域都取得了卓越成就。
This artist with both talent and beauty has achieved remarkable achievements in the fields of painting and music.
家长们都希望孩子能成为才貌双全的人，既要有学识，也要有良好的气质。
Parents all hope that their children can become people with both talent and beauty, both knowledgeable and with good temperament.
小说中，才貌双全的皇子与聪慧勇敢的平民女子展开了一段浪漫故事。
In the novel, the prince with both talent and beauty and the intelligent and brave commoner woman start a romantic story.
她在舞台上的表演惊艳众人，真正诠释了才貌双全的含义。
Her performance on the stage amazed everyone and truly interpreted the meaning of both talent and beauty.
1. 拼音：xǐ shàng méi shāo
2. 意思：喜悦的心情从眉眼间流露出来，形容非常高兴、开心的神情。
3. 出处：清代文康《儿女英雄传》第23回：“思索良久，得了主意，不觉喜上眉梢。”
4. 近义词：
眉开眼笑（眉头舒展，眼含笑意，形容极其高兴的样子，侧重表情的舒展）
喜形于色（喜悦之情表现在脸上，强调情绪外露，与“喜上眉梢”同指喜悦的外在表现）
5. 反义词：
愁眉苦脸（皱着眉头，哭丧着脸，形容忧愁或痛苦的神情，与喜悦的情绪完全相反）
忧心忡忡（形容心事重重，十分忧愁，强调内心的忧虑，与“喜上眉梢”的愉悦状态对立）
6. 例句及英文翻译：
听到儿子考上重点大学的消息，母亲瞬间喜上眉梢。
Hearing that her son was admitted to a key university, the mother instantly beamed with joy.
他看着手中的获奖证书，不禁喜上眉梢，嘴角扬起灿烂的笑容。
Looking at the award certificate in his hand, he couldn't help but light up with joy, a bright smile curving his lips.
窗外下起了初雪，孩子们看到后立刻喜上眉梢，欢呼着跑向院子。
When the first snow fell outside the window, the children immediately beamed with delight and cheered as they ran to the yard.
收到多年未见的好友来信，她喜上眉梢，反复读了好几遍。
Receiving a letter from a long-lost friend, she was overjoyed and read it repeatedly.
老板宣布全员加薪的那一刻，办公室里的每个人都喜上眉梢。
The moment the boss announced a salary increase for all, everyone in the office beamed with happiness.
经过数月努力，项目终于成功落地，团队成员们个个喜上眉梢。
After months of hard work, the project was finally successfully implemented, and all team members were overjoyed.
小女孩收到生日礼物时，喜上眉梢，迫不及待地拆开包装。
When the little girl received her birthday gift, she beamed with joy and couldn't wait to open the package.
得知暗恋的人也喜欢自己，他顿时喜上眉梢，心跳都加快了。
Learning that the person he had a crush on also liked him, he instantly lit up with joy, and his heart beat faster.
农民看着丰收的麦田，喜上眉梢，感叹今年真是个好年景。
Looking at the bountiful wheat field, the farmer beamed with joy, lamenting that this year was truly a good harvest.
舞台上的演员听到观众雷鸣般的掌声，不禁喜上眉梢，鞠躬致谢。
Hearing the thunderous applause from the audience, the actor on the stage couldn't help but beam with joy and bowed to thank them.
1. 拼音：xīn huǒ xiāng chuán
2. 意思：原指柴烧尽，火种仍可留传。古时候比喻形骸有尽而精神不灭；后人用来比喻学问和技艺代代相传。
3. 出处：《庄子·养生主》：“指穷于为薪，火传也，不知其尽也。”
4. 近义词：
一脉相承：从同一血统、派别世代相承流传下来。比喻某种思想、行为或学说之间有继承关系，和薪火相传一样强调传承关系，只是更侧重于思想、风格等方面的连贯性。
口传心授：指师徒间口头传授，内心领会。也体现了技艺、知识等的传承方式，与薪火相传相近，着重在传授的方式和传承的动作。
5. 反义词：
后继无人：没有后人来继承前人的事业，和薪火相传相反，体现传承的中断。
戛然而止：形容声音突然终止，也可引申为事物（如文化、技艺传承等）突然中断，与薪火相传形成鲜明对比，突出传承过程的不连贯性。
6. 例句：
中华优秀传统文化需要我们薪火相传，不能让其在现代社会失传。
古老的书法艺术在书法家们之间薪火相传，不断发展。
师傅们将手艺薪火相传，才使得这门独特的技艺保留至今。
革命先辈的红色精神，要靠我们这一代人薪火相传，发扬光大。
中医的理论和实践经验在师徒间薪火相传，济世救人。
这些古老的民间技艺通过家族内部薪火相传，延续了数百年。
学术思想的薪火相传是推动学科发展的重要力量。
希望这种传统的舞蹈能够薪火相传，让更多人领略它的魅力。
手工艺人的智慧在一代代之间薪火相传，创造出无数精美的作品。
民族文化的瑰宝依靠着后人的薪火相传，在历史长河中熠熠生辉。
1. 拼音：máng máng lù lù
2. 意思：形容事务繁杂、辛辛苦苦地不停忙碌的状态。
3. 出处：清代曹雪芹《红楼梦》第28回：“你成日家忙忙碌碌，替人辛苦，也该保养身子才是。”
4. 近义词：
匆匆忙忙（形容动作急促、行事匆忙，侧重状态的急迫感）
辛辛苦苦（指身心劳苦、忙碌奔波，强调过程的劳累与付出）
5. 反义词：
轻轻松松（形容没有压力、做事从容闲适，与忙碌状态完全相反）
优哉游哉（指生活悠闲自在、从容不迫，强调状态的闲适与安逸）
6. 例句及英文翻译：
他每天忙忙碌碌地处理各种工作，几乎没有休息时间。
He is busy handling various tasks every day and hardly has time to rest.
城市里的上班族总是忙忙碌碌，很少有机会停下脚步感受生活。
Office workers in the city are always busy and rarely have the chance to stop and feel life.
母亲从早到晚忙忙碌碌，为家庭操劳了一辈子。
Mother was busy from morning to night, working hard for the family all her life.
临近年底，公司里每个人都忙忙碌碌地准备年终总结。
As the end of the year approaches, everyone in the company is busy preparing for the year-end summary.
农民们在田地里忙忙碌碌，只为迎来秋季的丰收。
Farmers are busy in the fields, only to welcome the autumn harvest.
他忙忙碌碌地收拾行李，生怕错过清晨的火车。
He was busy packing his luggage, for fear of missing the morning train.
展会现场，工作人员忙忙碌碌地接待来自各地的客户。
At the exhibition site, the staff were busy receiving customers from all over.
她每天忙忙碌碌地照顾孩子、打理家务，却乐在其中。
She is busy taking care of children and doing housework every day, but enjoys it.
记者们在发布会现场忙忙碌碌，只为第一时间传递新闻信息。
Reporters were busy at the press conference site, only to deliver news information in the first time.
这座城市无论何时都有人忙忙碌碌，仿佛永远不会停歇。
In this city, someone is always busy whenever, as if it will never stop.
1. 拼音：zì shēng zì miè
2. 意思：自然地发生、生长，又自然地消灭，指对事物不加过问或引导，任其发展或衰亡。
3. 出处：唐代白居易《岭上云》诗：“自生自灭成何事，能逐东风作雨无？”
4. 近义词：
听之任之（指对事物放任不管，任凭其发展，强调不干预的态度）
任其自然（指顺应事物的自然发展，不人为干涉，与“自生自灭”同指不加干预）
5. 反义词：
精心呵护（指用心细致地爱护和保护，与“自生自灭”的放任态度相反）
悉心照料（指全身心投入地照顾、料理，强调主动关怀与干预）
6. 例句及英文翻译：
若对这些幼苗不闻不问，它们只会在荒野中自生自灭。
If these seedlings are left unattended, they will only thrive and perish naturally in the wilderness.
他决定不再干涉儿子的选择，让他自生自灭地闯荡人生。
He decided to stop interfering in his son's choices and let him navigate life on his own.
这片废弃的花园里，花草自生自灭，早已没了往日的生机。
In this abandoned garden, flowers and plants grow and die naturally, having long lost their former vitality.
有些问题若不及时解决，只会像野草一样自生自灭地蔓延。
If some problems are not solved in time, they will only spread like weeds left to their own devices.
父母不能对孩子的错误行为放任不管，让其自生自灭。
Parents should not turn a blind eye to their children's misbehavior and let it go unchecked.
古籍若不加以保护，终将在岁月中自生自灭，化为尘埃。
If ancient books are not protected, they will eventually fade away and perish naturally over time.
这片湿地曾因无人管理，水鸟一度陷入自生自灭的困境。
Once unmanaged, the wetland left waterbirds in a plight of fending for themselves.
他认为感情若已破裂，强行维系不如让其自生自灭。
He believed that if a relationship had broken down, it was better to let it fade away naturally than to force it.
沙漠中的仙人掌依靠顽强的生命力，在极端环境中自生自灭。
Cacti in the desert rely on tenacious vitality to survive and perish naturally in extreme environments.
对边缘群体的困境若视而不见，无异于让他们自生自灭。
Turning a blind eye to the plight of marginalized groups is no different from letting them fend for themselves.
1. 拼音：tì tiān xíng dào
2. 意思：指代替上天执行公道，多形容为正义之事而采取行动，旧时也用于某些江湖人物或起义者宣称自己的行为符合天意。
3. 出处：明代施耐庵《水浒传》第22回：“你等杀人放火，打家劫舍，犯着迷天大罪，都是不该死的人，如何却去替天行道？”
4. 近义词：
为民除害（指为百姓除去有害的人或事物，强调维护民众利益的正义行为）
主持正义（指坚持公平正直，对错误或非正义的行为进行纠正，体现对公道的维护）
5. 反义词：
助纣为虐（指帮助恶人做坏事，与“替天行道”的正义性完全相反）
为非作歹（指做各种坏事，违背正义和道德，强调行为的邪恶本质）
6. 例句及英文翻译：
古代侠客常以“替天行道”为名，惩处那些欺压百姓的贪官污吏。
In ancient times, knights-errant often punished corrupt officials who oppressed the people in the name of "upholding justice on behalf of heaven".
这部电影中的英雄角色以替天行道的姿态，向邪恶势力发起挑战。
The heroic character in this movie challenges the forces of evil in the posture of "executing justice for heaven".
起义军打出“替天行道”的旗号，号召百姓共同反抗暴政。
The rebel army raised the banner of "upholding justice for heaven" and called on the people to jointly resist tyranny.
他认为铲除社会毒瘤是替天行道，而非私人恩怨的报复。
He believed that eradicating social evils was "executing justice for heaven", not revenge for personal grudges.
武侠小说中，大侠们常以替天行道为己任，守护一方安宁。
In martial arts novels, great heroes often take "upholding justice on behalf of heaven" as their mission to protect the peace of one side.
若以替天行道之名行不义之实，终究会被世人唾弃。
If one commits injustice in the name of "executing justice for heaven", they will eventually be spurned by the world.
历史上某些农民起义虽打着替天行道的旗号，却因滥杀无辜失去民心。
Although some peasant uprisings in history fought under the banner of "upholding justice for heaven", they lost the people's hearts due to indiscriminate killing.
这位清官一生替天行道，深受百姓爱戴。
This honest official has "executed justice for heaven" all his life and is deeply loved by the people.
游戏中的角色以替天行道为目标，踏上了讨伐反派的征程。
The character in the game embarks on a journey to讨伐 the villain with the goal of "upholding justice on behalf of heaven".
真正的正义不是妄称替天行道，而是遵循法理与良知行事。
True justice is not to pretend to "execute justice for heaven", but to act in accordance with law and conscience.
1. 拼音：hún bù shǒu shè
2. 意思：形容精神恍惚、心神不定，灵魂仿佛离开了身体，注意力无法集中。
3. 出处：清代曹雪芹《红楼梦》第十五回：“宝玉听了，便觉得神魂早飞到那里去了，一面跟了凤姐儿坐车，一面将秦钟的事，委委曲曲告诉了他。宝玉又将素日与秦钟亲昵之事，悄悄说与袭人，袭人也吓了一跳，说道：‘你这孩子，才是魂不守舍呢！’”
4. 近义词：
心不在焉（心思不在这里，形容思想不集中，注意力分散）
心神不宁（心里烦躁，精神不安，情绪无法平静）
5. 反义词：
聚精会神（集中精神，专心致志，形容注意力高度集中）
全神贯注（全部精神集中在一点上，精力高度集中）
6. 例句及英文翻译：
他一整天魂不守舍，脑子里全是昨晚那场意外。
He was absent-minded all day, his mind full of the accident last night.
考试时若魂不守舍，很容易因粗心大意丢分。
If you are distracted during the exam, it is easy to lose points due to carelessness.
听到噩耗后，她终日魂不守舍，茶饭不思。
After hearing the bad news, she has been distracted all day and has no appetite for food or tea.
他一边开车一边想事情，魂不守舍的样子十分危险。
He was thinking about things while driving, looking distracted and very dangerous.
小女孩盯着窗外，魂不守舍地想着失踪的小猫。
The little girl stared out the window, distracted as she thought about the missing kitten.
会议上，他因担心家中生病的孩子而魂不守舍。
At the meeting, he was distracted because he was worried about his sick child at home.
连日来的失眠让他精神萎靡，总是魂不守舍的状态。
Sleepless nights have left him listless and always in a distracted state.
她读课文时魂不守舍，连句子都念得断断续续。
She was distracted when reading the text, and even read the sentences intermittently.
小伙子被心仪的女孩拒绝后，整天魂不守舍，无精打采。
After being rejected by the girl he liked, the young man was distracted and listless all day.
司机魂不守舍地驾驶车辆，最终导致了追尾事故。
The driver was driving distractedly, which eventually led to a rear-end collision.
1. 拼音：fú fu tiē tiē
2. 意思：形容十分顺从、驯服，毫无反抗，听话乖巧的样子。
3. 出处：清代曹雪芹《红楼梦》第五十七回：“若是薛姨妈看见了，必将他两家的女孩，都叫了去，一处顽笑，那时林姑娘的病，也叫他医好，也叫他服服贴贴的。”
4. 近义词：
俯首帖耳（低着头，耷拉着耳朵，形容恭顺服从，毫无反抗的样子）
唯命是从（只要是命令就服从，不敢有丝毫违抗，强调绝对顺从）
5. 反义词：
桀骜不驯（性情倔强，不驯服，不愿受约束）
阳奉阴违（表面上遵从，暗地里违背，形容心口不一）
6. 例句及英文翻译：
经过教练的耐心指导，调皮的小狗终于变得服服贴贴。
After the coach's patient guidance, the naughty puppy finally became obedient.
他在严厉的父亲面前总是服服贴贴，不敢有半分违逆。
He is always obedient in front of his strict father and dare not disobey at all.
这匹烈马被骑手驯服后，变得服服贴贴地听从指令。
After being tamed by the rider, the fierce horse became obedient and followed orders.
孩子们在老师的带领下，服服贴贴地排好队准备参观博物馆。
Led by the teacher, the children obediently lined up to visit the museum.
原本叛逆的少年，在经历挫折后变得服服贴贴，开始理解父母的苦心。
The originally rebellious teenager became obedient after experiencing setbacks and began to understand his parents' hard work.
员工们对这位赏罚分明的领导十分信服，工作时都服服贴贴。
The employees are very convinced by this leader who is clear about rewards and punishments, and they are all obedient at work.
这只流浪猫被收养后，在新主人的照顾下变得服服贴贴。
After being adopted, the stray cat became obedient under the care of its new owner.
面对强大的对手，他只能暂时服服贴贴，等待反击的机会。
Facing a powerful opponent, he can only be obedient for the time being and wait for an opportunity to counterattack.
妈妈用温柔的方式教育孩子，让他自然而然地变得服服贴贴。
Mom educates the child in a gentle way, making him naturally obedient.
曾经霸道的他，在爱情的感化下变得对伴侣服服贴贴。
He who used to be domineering became obedient to his partner under the influence of love.
1. 拼音：wò xīn cháng dǎn
2. 意思：原指越王勾践睡在柴草上，品尝苦胆，以提醒自己不忘亡国之耻。后形容人刻苦自励，发愤图强，为实现目标而忍耐艰苦、奋发努力。
3. 出处：宋代苏轼《拟孙权答曹操书》：“仆受遗以来，卧薪尝胆，悼日月之逾迈，而叹功名之不立。”（注：“卧薪尝胆”的典故核心源自《史记·越王勾践世家》，苏轼文中为典故的经典化表述。）
4. 近义词：
发愤图强（下定决心，努力谋求强盛或进步，强调主动奋发的意志）
励精图治（振奋精神，想办法治理好国家或事业，侧重振作精神干一番事业）
忍辱负重（忍受屈辱，承担重任，为达成目标而承受压力）
5. 反义词：
胸无大志（心里没有远大的志向，形容缺乏奋斗目标）
苟且偷安（只顾眼前的安逸，不顾将来的祸患，缺乏进取精神）
自甘堕落（自己甘心思想行为向坏的方向发展，放弃努力）
6. 例句及英文翻译：
他卧薪尝胆多年，终于在创业领域闯出了一片天地。
He has endured hardships and worked hard for many years, finally making a breakthrough in the field of entrepreneurship.
运动员卧薪尝胆，只为在奥运会上为国家赢得金牌。
Athletes endure hardships and train assiduously, only to win gold medals for their country at the Olympics.
越王勾践卧薪尝胆的故事，激励着一代又一代人奋发向上。
The story of Goujian, the King of Yue, who slept on firewood and tasted gall, has inspired generation after generation to work hard.
为了攻克技术难关，研发团队卧薪尝胆，日夜奋战在实验室。
In order to overcome technical difficulties, the R & D team worked hard day and night in the laboratory.
他卧薪尝胆，从破产边缘重新崛起，成为商界传奇。
He picked himself up from the brink of bankruptcy through years of hard work and became a business legend.
学习如逆水行舟，唯有卧薪尝胆，才能取得优异成绩。
Learning is like sailing against the current; only by working hard can we achieve excellent results.
这支球队在惨败后卧薪尝胆，最终在下一届联赛中夺冠。
After a heavy defeat, the team worked hard and finally won the championship in the next league.
她卧薪尝胆练习书法十年，终于在全国比赛中崭露头角。
She practiced calligraphy assiduously for ten years and finally stood out in the national competition.
历史上凡成大事者，多有卧薪尝胆的坚韧精神。
Throughout history, those who have achieved great things have mostly had the tenacious spirit of enduring hardships.
为了实现梦想，他选择卧薪尝胆，暂时放下享乐，专注于学业。
In order to achieve his dream, he chose to endure hardships, put aside pleasure for the time being, and focus on his studies.
1. 拼音：qín xué kǔ liàn
2. 意思：指努力学习，刻苦训练，形容人以勤奋的态度对待学习和实践，不畏艰难地提升自身能力。
3. 出处：该成语由“勤学”和“苦练”组合而成，常见于现代语境，无明确古籍出处，其概念源自传统劝学思想，如唐代韩愈《进学解》中“业精于勤荒于嬉”所体现的勤奋精神。
4. 近义词：
孜孜不倦（指工作或学习勤奋不知疲倦，强调持续努力的状态）
锲而不舍（不断地雕刻，比喻有恒心、有毅力，不轻易放弃）
废寝忘食（顾不得睡觉，忘记吃饭，形容专心努力到极点）
5. 反义词：
敷衍了事（做事不认真，只求应付过去就算完事，缺乏责任感）
三天打鱼，两天晒网（比喻学习或做事没有恒心，时常中断，不能坚持）
好逸恶劳（贪图安逸，厌恶劳动，形容人追求享乐而不愿付出努力）
6. 例句及英文翻译：
他凭借勤学苦练的精神，终于在钢琴比赛中获得了金奖。
With the spirit of diligent study and hard practice, he finally won the gold medal in the piano competition.
运动员的辉煌成绩背后，是无数个日夜的勤学苦练。
Behind the brilliant achievements of athletes are countless days and nights of diligent study and hard training.
想要掌握一门外语，唯有勤学苦练，没有捷径可走。
To master a foreign language, only diligent study and hard practice can do it—there is no shortcut.
这位书法家勤学苦练数十载，笔下的字终于达到了炉火纯青的境界。
The calligrapher has studied and practiced diligently for decades, and his handwriting has finally reached a state of perfection.
学生时代的勤学苦练，为他日后的事业发展奠定了坚实基础。
Diligent study and hard practice in his student days laid a solid foundation for his future career development.
她每天早起勤学苦练舞蹈，只为在舞台上呈现最完美的表演。
She gets up early every day to study and practice dancing diligently, only to present the most perfect performance on the stage.
成功没有秘诀，唯有勤学苦练、持之以恒。
There is no secret to success, only diligent study, hard practice, and perseverance.
教练常说：“勤学苦练是通往冠军之路的唯一通行证。”
The coach often says, "Diligent study and hard practice are the only pass to the road to championship."
他不因天资聪颖而懈怠，始终保持勤学苦练的习惯。
He does not slack off because of his intelligence but always maintains the habit of diligent study and hard practice.
历史上的文人墨客，无不是通过勤学苦练才铸就了不朽的篇章。
Scholars and writers in history have all created immortal works through diligent study and hard practice.
1. 拼音：shēng bù féng shí
2. 意思：指人出生或成长的时代未能与好的时机相契合，遭遇时运不济，无法在当下的环境中施展才华或实现抱负。
3. 出处：出自《论衡·命禄》：“生不逢时，珠玉深藏。”（东汉王充所著，原句形容有才者因时机不佳而被埋没）。
4. 近义词：
怀才不遇（指胸怀才学却未被赏识任用，强调才华被埋没的遗憾）
时运不济（指时机和运气不佳，做事时常遇到困难或挫折）
生不逢辰（与“生不逢时”同义，指出生时未遇到好时机，命运多舛）
5. 反义词：
生逢其时（指出生或成长在好的时代，能恰逢机遇并有所作为）
吉星高照（形容人运气好，遇事顺利，常与机遇相伴）
得天独厚（具备特殊优越的条件，多指环境、时机等客观因素有利）
6. 例句及英文翻译：
他空有一身技艺，却生不逢时，始终没机会在主流舞台上展示。
He has great skills, but was born at the wrong time and never had the chance to show them on the main stage.
这位诗人的作品在去世后才被广泛认可，真是生不逢时。
The poet's works were widely recognized only after his death—he truly was born out of his time.
若不是生不逢时，他或许早已成为名震一时的实业家。
If he hadn't been born in an unfavorable era, he might have long become a renowned industrialist.
生不逢时的遗憾，让他在暮年时常望着旧作叹息。
The regret of being born at the wrong time makes him often sigh at his old works in his twilight years.
历史上多少英雄豪杰因生不逢时，最终湮没于尘埃之中。
How many heroes in history were buried in obscurity because they were born at the wrong time.
她总觉得自己生不逢时，若早生十年或许能抓住更多机遇。
She always feels that she was born at the wrong time—if she had been born ten years earlier, she might have seized more opportunities.
这部小说的主角一生坎坷，仿佛注定生不逢时。
The protagonist of this novel has a rough life, as if destined to be born out of his time.
生不逢时的无奈，让他放弃了曾经追逐的艺术梦想。
The helplessness of being born at the wrong time made him give up the artistic dream he once pursued.
尽管有人认为他生不逢时，但他始终相信努力能改变命运。
Although some people think he was born at the wrong time, he always believes that hard work can change his destiny.
生不逢时的感慨，不应成为停滞不前的借口，而应是奋起改变的动力。
The feeling of being born at the wrong time should not be an excuse for stagnation, but a driving force to rise and change.
1. 拼音：gāng bì zì yòng
2. 意思：指固执己见，独断专行，拒绝接受他人的意见或建议，行事完全按照自己的主观意愿，形容人刚硬固执、自以为是。
3. 出处：出自《左传·宣公十二年》：“其佐先谷，刚愎不仁，未肯用命。”（原指先谷性格刚硬固执，后演变为形容人固执己见的成语）。
4. 近义词：
独断专行（行事专横，不考虑他人意见，完全按自己的意志做决定）
固执己见（坚持自己的看法，不肯改变，无视客观事实或他人建议）
一意孤行（不接受别人的劝告，顽固地按照自己的想法去做，强调行动上的执拗）
5. 反义词：
从善如流（形容能迅速接受别人的好意见，像水从高处流到低处一样自然顺畅）
虚怀若谷（胸怀像山谷一样宽广，指为人谦虚，能接纳他人的意见和建议）
集思广益（集中众人的智慧，广泛吸收有益的意见，强调善于听取他人想法）
6. 例句及英文翻译：
他因刚愎自用拒绝听取团队建议，最终导致项目失败。
He refused to listen to the team's suggestions due to his arrogance and stubbornness, eventually leading to the project's failure.
刚愎自用的领导者往往会失去团队的信任与支持。
A headstrong and self - willed leader often loses the trust and support of the team.
历史上多少帝王因刚愎自用而葬送了江山。
How many emperors in history lost their kingdoms because of their arrogance and refusal to listen to others.
你若再刚愎自用，终将为自己的固执付出代价。
If you continue to be headstrong and self - willed, you will eventually pay the price for your stubbornness.
他并非缺乏能力，而是刚愎自用的性格阻碍了发展。
It's not that he lacks ability, but his self - willed character hinders his development.
刚愎自用的态度让她在人际交往中处处碰壁。
Her headstrong and self - opinionated attitude makes her encounter obstacles everywhere in interpersonal communication.
教练因刚愎自用坚持错误战术，导致球队惨败。
The coach insisted on the wrong tactics out of arrogance and self - willfulness, resulting in the team's disastrous defeat.
成功的决策者从不会刚愎自用，而是善于倾听不同声音。
Successful decision - makers are never headstrong and self - willed, but good at listening to different voices.
他终于意识到刚愎自用的危害，开始虚心接纳他人意见。
He finally realized the harm of being headstrong and self - willed and began to modestly accept others' opinions.
刚愎自用者如同闭着眼睛走路，终将跌入深渊。
Those who are headstrong and self - willed are like walking with their eyes closed and will eventually fall into the abyss.
1. 拼音：xiǎo xīn jǐn shèn
2. 意思：形容言行举止十分慎重，不敢疏忽大意，做事时保持高度警惕，力求避免失误或危险。
3. 出处：出自《汉书·霍光传》：“出入禁闼二十余年，小心谨慎，未尝有过。”（原指霍光在宫廷中行事谨慎，后成为形容人处世态度的成语）。
4. 近义词：
谨言慎行（说话做事都谨慎小心，强调言行上的审慎态度）
一丝不苟（做事认真细致，连最细微的地方都不马虎，侧重态度严谨）
如履薄冰（像走在薄冰上一样，形容做事极为谨慎，存有戒心，强调心理上的警惕）
5. 反义词：
粗心大意（做事不细心，马虎随意，忽略细节，导致错误或疏漏）
鲁莽行事（行为冲动，缺乏思考，不考虑后果，做事轻率冒失）
肆无忌惮（毫无顾忌，任意妄为，不考虑行为的危险性或影响）
6. 例句及英文翻译：
他处理机密文件时总是小心谨慎，生怕出现任何纰漏。
He is always careful and cautious when handling confidential documents, for fear of any mistakes.
初入职场，她小心谨慎地观察着周围的人和事。
When first entering the workplace, she carefully and cautiously observed the people and things around her.
老将军一生征战，始终以小心谨慎的态度对待每一场战役。
The old general has fought in battles all his life and has always treated every battle with a careful and cautious attitude.
驾驶车辆时必须小心谨慎，这关系到自己和他人的安全。
One must be careful and cautious when driving, which is related to the safety of oneself and others.
他小心谨慎地绕过结冰的路面，生怕滑倒受伤。
He carefully and cautiously bypassed the icy road, for fear of slipping and getting injured.
谈判桌上，双方代表都小心谨慎地措辞，避免引发矛盾。
At the negotiation table, representatives of both sides carefully and cautiously phrased their words to avoid causing conflicts.
实验过程中，科研人员必须小心谨慎，确保数据准确无误。
In the process of the experiment, researchers must be careful and cautious to ensure that the data is accurate.
她小心谨慎地隐瞒着这个秘密，从未向任何人透露。
She carefully and cautiously concealed this secret and never revealed it to anyone.
投资需小心谨慎，盲目跟风可能导致巨大损失。
Investment requires care and caution; blindly following the trend may lead to huge losses.
即使经验丰富，他每次执行任务时依然保持小心谨慎的态度。
Even though he is experienced, he still maintains a careful and cautious attitude every time he executes a task.
1. 拼音：xīn shén bù dìng
2. 意思：心里烦躁，精神不安。
3. 出处：清·曹雪芹《红楼梦》第一百十三回：“便把丰儿等支开，叫刘老老坐在床前，告诉他心神不宁，如见鬼的样子。”
4. 近义词：
心神不宁：形容心情不平静，和心神不定意思相近，都强调内心的烦躁不安，精神难以集中。
忐忑不安：心神极为不安，强调内心七上八下，对事情发展或结果充满担忧，与心神不定类似，突出不安的情绪状态。
5. 反义词：
镇定自若：在情况紧急时不慌不乱，沉着镇定，和心神不定相反，体现出强大的心理素质和情绪的稳定。
心平气和：心情平静，态度温和。指不急躁，不生气，与心神不定形成鲜明对比，突出内心的平静祥和。
6. 例句：
他最近总是心神不定，好像有什么心事。
考试临近，他心神不定，复习效率很低。
她坐在椅子上，心神不定地等待着面试结果。
他因为丢失了重要文件而心神不定。
不知为何，他今天一整天都心神不定，工作频频出错。
等待医生诊断结果的时候，他心神不定，十分紧张。
她在听到那个消息后，心神不定，饭都吃不下。
他心神不定地在房间里走来走去，思考着对策。
这个问题一直困扰着他，让他心神不定。
比赛前，他由于压力过大而心神不定，教练在一旁不断安慰。
1. 拼音：fèng ruò shén míng
2. 意思：指将某人或某事物当作神明一样尊崇、信奉，形容对人或事物盲目崇拜、极度迷信，甚至到了敬畏顺从的地步。
3. 出处：出自《左传·襄公十四年》：“爱之如父母，仰之如日月，敬之如神明。”（后演变为“奉若神明”，强调对人或事物的极端崇拜）。
4. 近义词：
顶礼膜拜（双手合掌举过头顶跪拜，形容崇拜到极点，侧重行为上的恭敬）
盲目崇拜（不加以分辨地尊崇、迷信某人或事物，缺乏理性判断）
奉如圭臬（将某些言论或事物当作准则来遵守，形容对其极度信任和服从）
5. 反义词：
不屑一顾（认为事物不值得一看，形容极端轻视，毫不放在心上）
视若无睹（虽然看到却像没看见一样，指对事物漠不关心，不予理会）
嗤之以鼻（用鼻子吭声冷笑，表示轻蔑、嘲笑，对事物持否定态度）
6. 例句及英文翻译：
他对那位所谓的“成功学大师”奉若神明，盲目照搬其所有观点。
He worships that so-called "success coach" like a god, blindly following all his views.
古代百姓常将清官奉若神明，期盼他们能主持正义。
In ancient times, people often worshiped honest officials like gods, hoping they would uphold justice.
粉丝对偶像奉若神明，甚至为其错误行为辩解，这种盲目令人担忧。
Fans worship their idols like gods, even justifying their wrongdoings, and such blindness is worrying.
有些人将保健品奉若神明，认为其能包治百病，实则缺乏科学依据。
Some people worship health products like gods, believing they can cure all diseases, but in fact, there is no scientific basis.
他对古籍中的某些说法奉若神明，从不质疑其时代局限性。
He worships certain statements in ancient books like gods and never questions their historical limitations.
别把所谓的“权威结论”奉若神明，独立思考才是求知的关键。
Don't worship so-called "authoritative conclusions" like gods; independent thinking is the key to seeking knowledge.
迷信的人将巫师奉若神明，事事都要请其占卜吉凶。
Superstitious people worship wizards like gods and ask them to divinate good or bad luck in everything.
这个团队奉若神明般遵守旧规则，导致创新能力逐渐丧失。
This team follows old rules like gods, leading to the gradual loss of innovation.
她对星座运势奉若神明，每天都按其建议安排生活。
She worships horoscopes like gods and arranges her life according to their suggestions every day.
理性看待偶像的成就，别将其奉若神明，才是健康的追星态度。
Viewing idols' achievements rationally and not worshiping them like gods is a healthy attitude toward chasing stars.
1. 拼音：xué yǐ zhì yòng
2. 意思：指将所学的知识运用到实际生活或工作中，强调理论与实践相结合，让知识发挥实际效用。
3. 出处：出自晚清张之洞《劝学篇·外篇·会通第十三》：“中学为内学，西学为外学；中学治身心，西学应世事，不必尽索之于经文，而必无悖于经义。如其心圣人之心，行圣人之行，以孝弟忠信为德，以尊主庇民为政，虽朝运汽机，夕驰铁路，无害为圣人之徒也。”（虽未直接提及“学以致用”，但核心思想为学习需致用，后成为独立成语）。
4. 近义词：
知行合一（认识事物的道理与实行其事相结合，强调理论与实践的统一）
学以实用（学习知识旨在实际应用，侧重目的性）
活学活用（灵活运用所学知识解决实际问题，强调应变能力）
5. 反义词：
学非所用（所学知识与实际应用脱节，无法发挥作用）
纸上谈兵（仅空谈理论，不付诸实践，缺乏实际操作能力）
食古不化（拘泥于古代的学说，不懂得结合现实灵活运用）
6. 例句及英文翻译：
学习编程不仅要掌握语法，更要学以致用，开发实际项目。
Learning programming should not only master grammar but also apply what you have learned to develop actual projects.
他将课堂所学的营销理论学以致用，成功策划了公司的促销活动。
He applied the marketing theory learned in class to practice and successfully planned the company's promotion activity.
教育的真谛在于让学生学以致用，而非死记硬背公式。
The essence of education is to let students apply what they have learned, rather than memorize formulas by rote.
这位工程师学以致用，将大学的力学知识用于桥梁设计优化。
The engineer applied what he had learned and used the mechanics knowledge from university to optimize bridge design.
参加实习能让学生学以致用，提前适应职场需求。
Participating in internships allows students to apply what they have learned and adapt to workplace needs in advance.
她把书法课上学的笔法学以致用，为社区写了春节对联。
She applied the brushwork learned in the calligraphy class and wrote Spring Festival couplets for the community.
学以致用的理念让他在科研中不仅追求理论突破，更注重成果转化。
The concept of applying what you have learned makes him not only pursue theoretical breakthroughs in scientific research but also pay attention to achievement transformation.
家长应鼓励孩子将课本知识学以致用，比如用数学知识规划零花钱。
Parents should encourage children to apply the knowledge in textbooks, such as using mathematical knowledge to plan pocket money.
这位设计师学以致用，将传统文化元素融入现代家具设计中。
The designer applied what he had learned and integrated traditional cultural elements into modern furniture design.
培训课程强调学以致用，通过案例实操让学员掌握管理技巧。
The training course emphasizes applying what you have learned and allows trainees to master management skills through case practice.
1. 拼音：lóng mǎ jīng shén
2. 意思：形容人精神旺盛、充满活力，如同龙和马一样矫健昂扬，多用来比喻积极向上、生气勃勃的精神状态。
3. 出处：出自唐代李郢《上裴晋公》诗：“四朝忧国鬓如丝，龙马精神海鹤姿。”（原诗用以赞美裴度虽年老却仍有旺盛的精神面貌）。
4. 近义词：
朝气蓬勃（形容充满生气和活力，精神振奋，积极向上）
生龙活虎（像很有生气的龙和虎一样，比喻人活泼矫健、精力充沛）
精神抖擞（形容精神振奋、饱满，充满力量的样子）
5. 反义词：
萎靡不振（精神颓丧，提不起劲头，缺乏活力）
暮气沉沉（形容精神萎靡、缺乏朝气，态度消极低落）
无精打采（精神不振作，提不起劲头，状态疲惫）
6. 例句及英文翻译：
爷爷虽已八十岁，仍每天晨练，龙马精神不输年轻人。
Although Grandpa is eighty years old, he still exercises every morning, and his dragon-horse spirit is no less than that of young people.
运动员们在赛场上展现出龙马精神，奋力拼搏赢得掌声。
Athletes show dragon-horse spirit on the field, striving hard to win applause.
新团队成员个个龙马精神，迅速投入到项目攻坚中。
All members of the new team are full of dragon-horse spirit and quickly devote themselves to project tackling.
他以龙马精神的状态迎接创业挑战，每天工作12小时仍不知疲倦。
He meets the challenges of entrepreneurship with dragon-horse spirit, working 12 hours a day without getting tired.
老师希望学生们在毕业答辩中拿出龙马精神，展现最佳水平。
The teacher hopes that students will show dragon-horse spirit in the graduation defense and demonstrate their best level.
尽管连续加班一周，她依旧龙马精神地主持会议。
Although she worked overtime for a week in a row, she still chaired the meeting with dragon-horse spirit.
这支老年舞蹈队身着艳丽服饰，舞姿矫健，尽显龙马精神。
Dressed in gorgeous costumes, this senior dance team dances vigorously, showing full dragon-horse spirit.
企业家在行业低谷期仍保持龙马精神，带领团队寻找新机遇。
The entrepreneur still maintains dragon-horse spirit in the industry downturn, leading the team to seek new opportunities.
军训中的学生们喊着口号，步伐整齐，透着一股龙马精神。
The students in military training shout slogans and march in neat steps, showing a touch of dragon-horse spirit.
他用龙马精神的演讲感染听众，让大家对未来充满信心。
He infects the audience with a dragon-horse spirit speech, making everyone full of confidence in the future.
1. 拼音：zhuō mō bù dìng
2. 意思：指对人或事物无法猜测、预料，难以把握其规律或动向，形容变化多端、难以捉摸的状态。
3. 出处：出自明代施耐庵《水浒传》第二回：“却说朱武、陈达、杨春三个头领，聚义定了山寨，每日轮流一位头领下山探路，打听得史进庄上整备筵宴，捉捕山贼，因此不敢下山。朱武等三个，正在寨中商议，捉摸不定。”（原指对事态发展难以判断）。
4. 近义词：
变幻莫测（变化多端，无法预测，强调事物变化的复杂性和不可捉摸性）
神秘莫测（形容人或事物非常神秘，难以揣测其本质或意图）
瞬息万变（在极短时间内发生众多变化，强调变化速度极快且难以把握）
5. 反义词：
一目了然（一眼就能看清楚，形容事物简单明了，易于理解和把握）
一成不变（一经形成就不再改变，形容事物状态稳定，规律明确）
料事如神（对事情的预料非常准确，强调可预测性和确定性）
6. 例句及英文翻译：
夏日的天气如同孩子的脸，捉摸不定，刚才还晴空万里，转眼便暴雨倾盆。
The summer weather is as unpredictable as a child's face. It was sunny just now, but now it's pouring with rain.
他的情绪总是捉摸不定，前一秒还谈笑风生，下一秒就沉默不语。
His emotions are always unpredictable. He was talking and laughing one second, and silent the next.
股市行情捉摸不定，投资者需谨慎分析市场动态。
The stock market is unpredictable, and investors need to carefully analyze market trends.
这位艺术家的创作风格捉摸不定，每幅作品都让人耳目一新。
The artist's creative style is unpredictable, and each work makes people feel fresh.
间谍片中的反派角色行踪捉摸不定，给主角的追踪带来极大困难。
The villain's whereabouts in spy movies are unpredictable, causing great difficulties for the protagonist's pursuit.
他说话总是含糊其辞，意图捉摸不定，让人难以信任。
He always speaks vaguely, with unpredictable intentions, making it difficult to trust him.
量子物理中的粒子运动状态捉摸不定，需通过概率模型描述。
The motion state of particles in quantum physics is unpredictable and needs to be described by a probability model.
古老传说中的宝藏位置捉摸不定，无数探险家为之迷失方向。
The location of the treasure in ancient legends is unpredictable, and countless explorers have lost their way for it.
谈判桌上的对手策略捉摸不定，我方需做好多套应对方案。
The opponent's strategy at the negotiation table is unpredictable, so our side needs to prepare multiple response plans.
梦境中的场景总是捉摸不定，醒来后往往只留下碎片化的记忆。
The scenes in dreams are always unpredictable, and only fragmented memories are often left after waking up.
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