常用成语 第139天 中考成语 高考成语
1. 拼音：yǐ tuì wéi jìn
2. 意思：指用退让的姿态作为进取的手段，通过暂时妥协或后退来实现最终的目标，强调以迂回策略达成目的。
3. 出处：源自汉·扬雄《法言·君子》：“昔乎颜渊以退为进，天下鲜俪焉。”后在《南史·王僧辩传》等文献中也有类似表述，成为策略性处世的常用成语。
4. 近义词：
以守为攻（用防御作为攻击的手段，强调通过坚守阵地实现反击）
迂回曲折（绕弯子、走曲折道路达到目的，侧重策略的间接性）
退避三舍（主动退让，避免冲突，后比喻退让和回避以争取时机）
5. 反义词：
以进为退（用进攻的姿态作为退让的手段，与“以退为进”策略方向相反）
急功近利（急于追求眼前功利，不愿采取迂回策略，缺乏长远规划）
锋芒毕露（过分显露自己的才能，不懂得退让隐藏，与策略性妥协相悖）
6. 例句及英文翻译：
谈判中他以退为进，先放弃小利益换取对方信任，最终达成核心目标。
In the negotiation, he took a step back to advance, first giving up small interests to gain the other party's trust and finally achieving the core goal.
棋手在劣势时以退为进，弃掉局部棋子换取全局主动权。
When at a disadvantage, the chess player retreated to advance, giving up local pieces in exchange for overall initiative.
他以退为进，暂时辞去管理职位，潜心学习后反而获得更高晋升机会。
He took a step back to advance, temporarily resigning from the management position and潜心 studying, only to get a higher promotion opportunity.
古代谋士常以退为进，通过归隐山林引起君主重视后再出山辅佐。
Ancient strategists often took a step back to advance, attracting the monarch's attention by retiring to the mountains and then coming out to assist.
企业在市场竞争中以退为进，主动收缩边缘业务以聚焦核心技术研发。
In market competition, enterprises take a step back to advance, actively shrinking marginal businesses to focus on core technology research and development.
教练让主力球员半场休息，以退为进保存体力应对加时赛。
The coach let the main players rest in the first half, taking a step back to advance and preserve physical strength for the overtime.
写文章时以退为进，先承认对方观点合理性再展开反驳更具说服力。
When writing an article, take a step back to advance. It is more persuasive to first admit the rationality of the other party's view and then carry out the refutation.
外交中以退为进的策略，有时能避免冲突并为谈判创造转机。
The strategy of taking a step back to advance in diplomacy can sometimes avoid conflicts and create a turning point for negotiations.
他以退为进，故意示弱让对手放松警惕，最终在比赛最后阶段反超。
He took a step back to advance, deliberately showing weakness to make the opponent relax their vigilance, and finally overtook in the final stage of the game.
学习中遇到瓶颈时，以退为进重新梳理基础知识反而能突破障碍。
When encountering a bottleneck in study, taking a step back to advance and re-combing the basic knowledge can instead break through the obstacle.
1. 拼音：láng láng shàng kǒu
2. 意思：形容诗文、歌曲等音律和谐、节奏明快，读起来顺口流畅，易于记忆和传诵。
3. 出处：源自清·王韬《淞隐漫录》：“自幼即喜识字，授以唐诗，琅琅上口。”后多用于形容语言表达的流畅性与感染力。
4. 近义词：
字正腔圆（发音准确，语调圆润，强调发音规范流畅）
抑扬顿挫（声音高低起伏，节奏分明，形容朗读富有韵律感）
顺口押韵（词句念起来流畅，韵脚和谐，易于诵读记忆）
5. 反义词：
佶屈聱牙（文辞艰涩生僻，读起来拗口难顺，形容语言晦涩）
聱牙诘曲（词句生硬别扭，发音拗口，难以顺畅朗读）
生涩难读（内容生疏晦涩，语言不畅，缺乏诵读的流畅感）
6. 例句及英文翻译：
这首唐诗节奏明快，琅琅上口，连孩童都能轻松背诵。
This Tang poem has a lively rhythm and is catchy, so even children can recite it easily.
广告文案需琅琅上口，才能让消费者快速记住品牌名称。
Advertising slogans need to be catchy so that consumers can remember brand names quickly.
老师选的课文琅琅上口，同学们读起来兴致盎然。
The texts chosen by the teacher are catchy, and students read them with great interest.
民谣的歌词朴实自然，琅琅上口，在民间广为流传。
The lyrics of folk songs are simple and natural, catchy, and widely spread among the people.
他创作的儿歌琅琅上口，深受幼儿园小朋友喜爱。
The children's songs he created are catchy and deeply loved by kindergarten children.
经典的谚语往往琅琅上口，蕴含着深刻的生活哲理。
Classic proverbs are often catchy and contain profound life philosophy.
这首流行歌曲旋律优美，歌词琅琅上口，迅速登上音乐榜单榜首。
This pop song has a beautiful melody and catchy lyrics, quickly topping the music charts.
语文老师要求我们朗读课文时做到琅琅上口、声情并茂。
The Chinese teacher asks us to read the text fluently and with rich emotions.
古代的七言绝句因琅琅上口，成为诗词启蒙的经典体裁。
The seven-character quatrains in ancient times became classic genres for poetry enlightenment because they are catchy.
诗人特意调整词句结构，使全诗读起来更琅琅上口。
The poet specially adjusted the structure of the words to make the whole poem more catchy to read.
1. 拼音：gù quán dà jú
2. 意思：指从整体的利益和长远的角度出发，放弃或调整局部利益，以维护全局的稳定与发展，强调胸怀全局的处事态度。
3. 出处：源自清·李宝嘉《官场现形记》第14回：“总求大人格外赏他们个体面，堵堵他们的嘴。这是卑职顾全大局的意思。”后在各类文献中用于描述以全局为重的决策思维。
4. 近义词：
深明大义（深刻理解大道理，能以整体利益为重，不斤斤计较）
统筹兼顾（统一规划，同时照顾到各个方面，强调全局协调）
以大局为重（将整体利益置于首位，主动让步局部需求）
5. 反义词：
本位主义（只注重自身或本部门利益，忽视整体协调，缺乏全局观念）
因小失大（为追求小利益而损失重大利益，缺乏长远考量）
不顾大局（只关注局部或个人利益，无视整体发展的需要）
6. 例句及英文翻译：
团队合作中，他总是顾全大局，主动承担繁琐任务以配合整体进度。
In teamwork, he always considers the overall situation and takes the initiative to undertake tedious tasks to coordinate with the overall progress.
企业转型时，管理层顾全大局，暂时降低短期利润以投入技术升级。
When the enterprise transforms, the management considers the overall situation and temporarily reduces short-term profits to invest in technological upgrading.
为顾全大局，他放弃了个人荣誉，将机会让给更适合的同事。
To consider the overall situation, he gave up personal honor and gave the opportunity to more suitable colleagues.
两国谈判代表顾全大局，暂时搁置争议问题以推进贸易合作。
The negotiators of the two countries considered the overall situation and temporarily put aside controversial issues to promote trade cooperation.
教练顾全大局，让受伤的主力休息，派替补队员保证比赛完整性。
The coach considered the overall situation, let the injured main players rest, and sent substitutes to ensure the integrity of the game.
政府政策需顾全大局，平衡经济发展与环境保护的关系。
Government policies need to consider the overall situation and balance the relationship between economic development and environmental protection.
项目遇到分歧时，组长顾全大局，整合多方意见形成折中方案。
When the project encountered differences, the team leader considered the overall situation and integrated multiple opinions to form a compromise plan.
父母常教导孩子要顾全大局，不要因小事与朋友争执不休。
Parents often teach their children to consider the overall situation and not to argue with friends over trivial matters.
历史上的贤明君主多能顾全大局，为国家稳定牺牲个人偏好。
Wise monarchs in history could mostly consider the overall situation and sacrifice personal preferences for national stability.
运动员顾全大局，带伤完成比赛，为团队争取荣誉而非个人成绩。
The athlete considered the overall situation, completed the competition with an injury, and strived for team honor rather than personal performance.
1. 拼音：yī bān jiàn shi
2. 意思：指不与他人在琐碎或不重要的事情上计较、争执，多用来劝诫人宽宏大量，不必与见识浅薄或行为不当的人计较。
3. 出处：源自明·施耐庵《水浒传》第二回：“小人怎敢与人一般见识？”后在《红楼梦》《三侠五义》等作品中均有使用，成为劝诫宽容的常用表达。
4. 近义词：
宽宏大量（形容人度量大，能包容他人的缺点或过错，不斤斤计较）
豁达大度（性格开朗，胸襟开阔，对小事不计较，强调处世的宽容态度）
毫不介意（对他人的言行或事情的得失不在意，不放在心上，不与之计较）
5. 反义词：
斤斤计较（对小事过分计较，过分在意得失，形容人气量狭小）
锱铢必较（连很小的利益或很小的事都要计较，强调过分苛责、吝啬）
耿耿于怀（对事情或他人的言行记在心里，难以释怀，多指因小事而心存不满）
6. 例句及英文翻译：
他向来大度，从不与别人一般见识，总能妥善处理矛盾。
He has always been magnanimous and never argues with others over trivial matters, always able to handle conflicts properly.
别和孩子一般见识，他们年纪小，不懂事是难免的。
Don't argue with children—they are young, and it's inevitable that they don't understand things.
古人云“宰相肚里能撑船”，就是劝人不要与他人一般见识。
As the ancient saying goes, "A prime minister's mind can hold a boat," which advises people not to argue with others over trivial matters.
面对他人的误解，他选择不与一般见识，用行动证明自己。
Facing others' misunderstandings, he chose not to argue and proved himself with actions.
朋友间应互相包容，何必为一点小事就与对方一般见识？
Friends should tolerate each other—why argue over a trivial matter?
老师教导我们：“不要与言行粗鲁的人一般见识，保持自己的修养最重要。”
The teacher taught us, "Don't argue with rude people; maintaining your own self-cultivation is the most important."
他深知团队和谐的重要性，从不与同事在细节上一般见识。
He深知 the importance of team harmony and never argues with colleagues over details.
母亲总说：“退一步海阔天空，别和那些人一般见识。”
Mother always says, "Take a step back and the sea and sky will be open—don't argue with those people."
真正的智者懂得不与愚者一般见识，专注于自己的目标。
A true wise man knows not to argue with fools and focuses on his own goals.
面对竞争对手的挑衅，他选择不与一般见识，用实力赢得市场。
Facing the provocations of competitors, he chose not to argue and won the market with strength.
1. 拼音：tān guān wū lì
2. 意思：指贪污受贿、滥用职权的官吏，形容利用职务之便牟取私利、损害公义的腐败官员。
3. 出处：源自元·无名氏《鸳鸯被》第四折：“一应贪官污吏，准许先斩后闻。”《明史》《清史稿》等史料中也常用以批判吏治腐败现象。
4. 近义词：
赃官污吏（指贪赃枉法的官吏，强调通过受贿、贪污等手段获取私利）
贪官蠹役（“蠹”指蛀虫，形容贪腐的官吏和差役，强调对国家和百姓的危害）
污吏黠胥（“黠胥”指狡猾的小吏，泛指贪腐狡猾的官吏群体，侧重其狡诈性）
5. 反义词：
清官廉吏（指公正廉洁、克己奉公的官吏，强调品德高尚、不谋私利）
两袖清风（形容官吏廉洁，除自身外一无所有，侧重个人操守的清廉）
奉公守法（指官吏遵守法令、奉行公事，不滥用职权，强调行为的合规性）
6. 例句及英文翻译：
历史上，贪官污吏的贪婪行径往往导致民不聊生，政权动荡。
In history, the greedy acts of corrupt officials often led to people's livelihood being miserable and political instability.
影视剧常通过刻画贪官污吏的下场，警示人们坚守廉洁的重要性。
TV dramas often depict the fate of corrupt officials to warn people of the importance of upholding integrity.
百姓最痛恨的便是贪官污吏利用职权侵吞公共财产。
What the people hate most is that corrupt officials embezzle public property by abusing their power.
新政权成立后，严厉打击贪官污吏，重塑社会公正风气。
After the establishment of the new regime, it severely cracked down on corrupt officials and reshaped the social atmosphere of justice.
古诗中“朱门酒肉臭，路有冻死骨”正是对贪官污吏横行的控诉。
The ancient poem "The wine and meat of the rich stink, while the road has bones frozen to death" is exactly a控诉 against the prevalence of corrupt officials.
监察部门加大力度查处贪官污吏，彰显了反腐的决心。
The supervision department has increased its efforts to investigate and deal with corrupt officials, demonstrating the determination to fight corruption.
小说中的英雄人物以铲除贪官污吏为己任，深受读者喜爱。
The heroes in the novel take铲除 corrupt officials as their duty and are deeply loved by readers.
历史证明，纵容贪官污吏终将导致国家衰败，民心背离。
History has proved that conniving at corrupt officials will eventually lead to the decline of the country and the alienation of the people.
百姓联名举报贪官污吏的行为，体现了对公平正义的渴望。
The people's joint reporting of corrupt officials reflects their desire for fairness and justice.
纪录片通过真实案例揭露贪官污吏的堕落轨迹，发人深省。
The documentary exposes the degenerate track of corrupt officials through real cases, which is thought-provoking.
1. 拼音：jīng huāng shī cuò
2. 意思：失措：失去常态。由于惊慌，一下子不知怎么办才好。常用来形容人在面对突发危险、意外情况等时慌乱不安的状态。
3. 出处：《北齐书·元晖业传》：“（元）孝友临刑，惊慌失措，晖业神色自若。”
4. 近义词：
惊惶失措：指由于惊慌，一下子不知怎么办才好，和惊慌失措意思基本相同，都强调惊慌导致失去正常应对能力。
张皇失措：形容慌慌张张，不知怎么办才好，与惊慌失措相近，突出慌乱的外在表现和不知所措的心理状态。
5. 反义词：
镇定自若：在情况紧急时不慌不乱，沉着镇定，和惊慌失措相反，体现出在危机面前良好的心理素质和应对能力。
从容不迫：不慌不忙，沉着镇定，突出一种悠闲、淡定的态度，与惊慌失措形成鲜明对比。
6. 例句：
突然发生地震，有些人惊慌失措地乱跑。
看到火灾蔓延，他惊慌失措，完全忘记了逃生路线。
考试时遇到完全没见过的题目，他惊慌失措起来。
当舞台上的道具突然掉落，演员们有一瞬间惊慌失措。
孩子在商场里走丢了，母亲惊慌失措地呼喊。
飞机遇到气流颠簸，不少乘客惊慌失措。
听到那声巨响，他惊慌失措地从椅子上跳了起来。
面对老师突然的提问，没准备的他惊慌失措。
洪水来袭，惊慌失措的村民们纷纷向高处跑去。
小狗看到鞭炮声，惊慌失措地躲到了桌子底下。
1. 拼音：zhēn fēng xiāng duì
2. 意思：比喻双方在策略、论点及行动方式等方面尖锐对立。
3. 出处：宋·释道原《景德传灯录》卷二：“夫一切回答，如针锋相投，无纤毫参差。”
4. 近义词：唇枪舌剑（形容争辩激烈，言辞锋利）、水火不容（比喻二者对立，绝不相容）、格格不入（形容彼此不协调，不相容）
5. 反义词：相辅相成（指两件事物互相配合，互相辅助，缺一不可）、相得益彰（指两个人或两件事物互相配合，双方的能力和作用更能显示出来）、志同道合（指志向相同，道路一致，形容彼此理想、志趣相合）
6. 例句及英文翻译：
他们俩在会上针锋相对，各不相让。
They were tit for tat at the meeting and neither would give in.
这两个辩论队的观点针锋相对，比赛十分激烈。
The views of the two debate teams are diametrically opposed, and the competition is very fierce.
双方在谈判中针锋相对，一时难以达成共识。
The two sides are at loggerheads in the negotiation, and it is difficult to reach a consensus for a while.
他的言论与对方针锋相对，引起了全场的关注。
His remarks were tit for tat with the other side, attracting the attention of the whole audience.
这两部小说的主题针锋相对，反映了不同的社会观念。
The themes of the two novels are diametrically opposed, reflecting different social concepts.
他们在学术问题上针锋相对，展开了激烈的讨论。
They are at loggerheads on academic issues and have launched a fierce discussion.
双方的立场针锋相对，谈判陷入了僵局。
The positions of the two sides are diametrically opposed, and the negotiation has fallen into a deadlock.
他的观点与传统观念针锋相对，引发了广泛的争议。
His views are diametrically opposed to traditional concepts, triggering widespread controversy.
在这场比赛中，两队的战术针锋相对，打得难解难分。
In this game, the tactics of the two teams are tit for tat, and the game is inseparable.
他们的意见针锋相对，谁也说服不了谁。
Their opinions are diametrically opposed, and no one can convince the other.
1. 拼音：qī ér lǎo xiǎo
2. 意思：指妻子、儿女和年老的父母，泛指全家人。
3. 出处：明·冯梦龙《喻世明言》卷三十八：“引了妻儿老小，和刘青等心腹家人，弃家逃难。”
4. 近义词：
一家老小（指全家人，包括父母、妻儿等）
妻儿老少（与“妻儿老小”意思相近，指家中的所有人，无论年龄大小）
5. 反义词：
孤身一人（形容独自一人，没有家人陪伴）
鳏寡孤独（泛指没有劳动力而又没有亲属供养、无依无靠的人）
6. 例句及英文翻译：
他外出打工，心中牵挂着家里的妻儿老小。
He goes out to work and is concerned about his wife, children and elderly parents at home.
战争年代，很多人不得不带着妻儿老小四处逃难。
In the war years, many people had to take their families and flee around.
他肩上扛着养活妻儿老小的重担，每天都努力工作。
He shoulders the burden of supporting his family and works hard every day.
为了妻儿老小的生活，他甘愿在异乡打拼。
For the life of his family, he is willing to work hard in a foreign land.
这家饭店的老板靠着小本生意，养活了妻儿老小。
The owner of this restaurant supports his family by doing a small business.
遇到困难时，他首先想到的是如何保护妻儿老小。
When facing difficulties, what he first thinks of is how to protect his family.
他退休后，终于有时间陪伴妻儿老小了。
After he retired, he finally had time to accompany his family.
一场意外让他成了家里唯一的顶梁柱，必须撑起妻儿老小的生活。
An accident made him the only mainstay in the family, and he must support the life of his family.
古人常说“忠孝不能两全”，他为了尽忠，只能暂时放下妻儿老小。
The ancients often said that "loyalty and filial piety cannot be both", so in order to be loyal, he had to put aside his family for the time being.
春节前夕，在外漂泊的人都急切地想回到家乡与妻儿老小团聚。
On the eve of the Spring Festival, those who漂泊在外 are eager to return home to reunite with their families.
1. 拼音：zhuǎn yǎn zhī jiān
2. 意思：形容时间极短，一瞬间就过去了。
3. 出处：明·施耐庵《水浒传》第六十二回：“转眼之间，早过了两个月。”
4. 近义词：
刹那之间（指极短的时间）
瞬息之间（形容极短暂的时间内）
弹指之间（比喻时间极短暂）
俯仰之间（一低头一抬头的瞬间，形容时间极短）
5. 反义词：
天长地久（形容时间悠久，也形容永远不变）
遥遥无期（形容时间长久，没有结束的日子）
千秋万代（指世世代代，时间久长）
6. 例句及英文翻译：
转眼之间，他从一个懵懂少年变成了成熟的男人。
In the twinkling of an eye, he has changed from an ignorant teenager into a mature man.
这场雨来得快去得也快，转眼之间天空又放晴了。
The rain came and went quickly, and in the blink of an eye, the sky cleared again.
转眼之间，一年的时间就这么匆匆过去了。
In the twinkling of an eye, a year has passed in a hurry.
比赛中，他转眼之间就超越了所有对手，率先冲过终点线。
In the competition, he overtook all his opponents in the blink of an eye and crossed the finish line first.
刚才还在哭闹的孩子，转眼之间就笑了起来。
The child who was crying just now laughed in the twinkling of an eye.
烟花在夜空中绽放，转眼之间就消失得无影无踪。
The fireworks bloomed in the night sky and disappeared without a trace in the blink of an eye.
转眼之间，这座城市的面貌发生了翻天覆地的变化。
In the twinkling of an eye, the face of this city has changed dramatically.
他刚才还在这里，转眼之间就不知道去哪儿了。
He was here just now, and in the blink of an eye, no one knows where he has gone.
光阴似箭，转眼之间我们已经毕业十年了。
Time flies, and in the twinkling of an eye, we have graduated for ten years.
舞台上的魔术表演太神奇了，转眼之间鸽子就变成了鲜花。
The magic show on the stage was so amazing that the pigeon turned into flowers in the blink of an eye.
1. 拼音：xiān tiān bù zú
2. 意思：指人或事物在出生或形成时就存在体质、能力、基础等方面的缺陷或不足。
3. 出处：清·李汝珍《镜花缘》第二十六回：“小弟闻得仙人与虚合体，日中无影；又老人之子，先天不足，亦或日中无影。”
4. 近义词：
后天失调（指出生后调养不当，也泛指事物后续发展缺乏条件）
根基薄弱（基础不牢固，形容事物起点低、底子差）
禀赋不足（指天赋的资质不够，天生条件欠缺）
5. 反义词：
得天独厚（具备特殊优越的条件，多指环境、资质等）
天赋异禀（天生拥有超出常人的才能或资质）
根基深厚（基础扎实牢固，多指学问、技能等基础好）
6. 例句及英文翻译：
这株植物先天不足，即便精心养护也难以枝繁叶茂。
This plant has an inborn deficiency, so it's hard to thrive even with careful maintenance.
他因先天不足导致身体虚弱，从小就比同龄人更易生病。
Due to inborn deficiency, he is physically weak and has been more prone to illness than his peers since childhood.
这部作品因先天不足的剧情设定，上映后口碑不佳。
Due to the inherently flawed plot setting, this work received poor reviews after its release.
先天不足的学习基础，让他在高中阶段感到格外吃力。
The insufficient innate learning foundation made him feel extremely吃力 in high school.
有些运动员虽先天不足，但通过后天努力仍能取得优异成绩。
Although some athletes have inborn deficiencies, they can still achieve excellent results through后天 efforts.
这家企业因先天不足的资金链，在市场竞争中逐渐失去优势。
Due to the inherently insufficient capital chain, this enterprise gradually lost its advantage in market competition.
中医认为，先天不足可通过后天调理来改善体质。
Traditional Chinese medicine believes that inborn deficiency can be improved through postnatal conditioning.
他深知自己先天不足，便用双倍的努力弥补短板。
He was well aware of his inborn deficiencies, so he made twice the effort to make up for the shortfalls.
这部小说的主角因先天不足的魔法天赋，踏上了艰难的成长之路。
The protagonist of this novel embarks on a difficult growth path due to his inborn insufficient magical talent.
先天不足的硬件配置，让这台电脑无法运行大型游戏。
The inherently insufficient hardware configuration makes this computer unable to run large-scale games.
1. 拼音：yī jiā lǎo xiǎo
2. 意思：指全家人，包括年老的和年幼的成员。
3. 出处：明·凌濛初《初刻拍案惊奇》卷十三：“养活一家老小，并无抱怨。”
4. 近义词：
妻儿老小（指妻子、儿女和年老的父母，泛指全家人）
合家老小（与“一家老小”意思相近，指全家人）
5. 反义词：
孤身一人（形容独自一人，没有家人陪伴）
形单影只（形容孤独，没有伴侣或家人）
6. 例句及英文翻译：
他靠打工挣钱，养活一家老小。
He earns money by working to support his whole family.
春节时，一家老小围坐在一起吃团圆饭。
During the Spring Festival, the whole family sits together for a reunion dinner.
暴雨来临前，他急忙赶回家安顿一家老小。
Before the rainstorm came, he hurried home to settle his family.
这家面馆的老板用一碗碗面条撑起了一家老小的生活。
The owner of this noodle shop supports his whole family with bowls of noodles.
为了一家老小的生计，他不得不背井离乡去打工。
For the livelihood of his whole family, he had to leave his hometown to work.
疫情期间，一家老小宅在家里，彼此陪伴。
During the epidemic, the whole family stayed at home and accompanied each other.
他退休后，终于有时间带着一家老小去旅行了。
After retiring, he finally had time to take his whole family on a trip.
一场意外后，他成了家里的顶梁柱，要照顾一家老小。
After an accident, he became the backbone of the family and had to take care of his whole family.
古人说“家和万事兴”，一家老小和睦相处最重要。
The ancients said, "Harmony in the family brings all things to success," and the most important thing is that the whole family lives in harmony.
他每天下班回家，看到一家老小的笑脸就觉得一切辛苦都值得。
When he comes home from work every day, seeing the smiling faces of his whole family makes all the hard work worthwhile.
1. 拼音：gǔ wǔ rén xīn
2. 意思：指通过某种事物或行为激发人们的信心和勇气，使内心受到振奋和激励。
3. 出处：源自古代文献中“鼓舞”与“人心”的组合，现代多用来形容积极的影响，如“这消息鼓舞人心”。
4. 近义词：
振奋人心（让人精神振作，内心受到鼓舞）
激励斗志（激发人的战斗意志或奋斗动力）
催人奋进（促使人们奋勇前进，充满干劲）
5. 反义词：
灰心丧气（形容因失败或不顺而失去信心，意志消沉）
令人沮丧（让人情绪低落，失去希望）
消磨斗志（逐渐削弱人的奋斗意志）
6. 例句及英文翻译：
教练的一番话鼓舞人心，队员们立刻重振旗鼓。
The coach's words inspired the team, and they immediately rallied.
这场胜利鼓舞人心，让所有人对未来充满希望。
This victory was inspiring, filling everyone with hope for the future.
他的故事鼓舞人心，激励了无数年轻人追求梦想。
His story is inspiring and has motivated countless young people to pursue their dreams.
领导人的讲话鼓舞人心，全场响起热烈的掌声。
The leader's speech was inspiring, and warm applause rang out throughout the venue.
这部电影以真实事件改编，情节鼓舞人心。
Adapted from a true story, the movie's plot is inspiring.
救援队的英勇事迹鼓舞人心，传递了人间大爱。
The heroic deeds of the rescue team are inspiring, conveying great love in the world.
即使身处困境，他的乐观态度依然鼓舞人心。
Even in difficult times, his optimistic attitude remains inspiring.
运动会上，运动员的拼搏精神鼓舞人心。
At the sports meeting, the athletes' fighting spirit inspired people.
这首歌曲旋律激昂，歌词鼓舞人心。
The song has a stirring melody and inspiring lyrics.
社区的互助行动鼓舞人心，让邻里关系更紧密。
The community's mutual aid actions are inspiring, bringing neighbors closer together.
1. 拼音：wǔ wèi jù quán
2. 意思：指酸、甜、苦、辣、咸五种味道都具备，形容味道丰富多样，也比喻生活、感受等复杂多样，各种滋味都有。
3. 出处：《礼记·礼运》：“五味六和，十二食，还相为质也。”后演变为“五味俱全”，用于形容味道或感受的丰富性。
4. 近义词：
五味杂陈（多种味道混杂在一起，形容内心感受复杂多样）
百感交集（各种感触交织在一起，多形容心情复杂）
酸甜苦辣（指各种不同的味道，也比喻生活中的种种遭遇）
5. 反义词：
寡淡无味（味道清淡，缺乏滋味，也指内容或感受平淡无奇）
单一乏味（只有一种味道或感受，缺乏变化）
味同嚼蜡（形容食物没有味道，也比喻文章或经历枯燥无味）
6. 例句及英文翻译：
这道菜酸、甜、苦、辣、咸五味俱全，口感十分丰富。
This dish has all five flavors—sour, sweet, bitter, spicy, and salty—with a very rich taste.
听到儿子考上大学的消息，母亲心中五味俱全，既有喜悦也有不舍。
Hearing that her son was admitted to university, the mother felt all sorts of emotions, both joy and reluctance.
这部小说描绘了主人公一生的经历，读来让人五味俱全。
This novel depicts the protagonist's life experiences, making readers feel a mix of emotions.
创业路上的艰辛与收获，让他如今回想起来五味俱全。
The hardships and gains on the road to entrepreneurship make him feel a complex mix of feelings when recalling them now.
看到老照片中年轻时的自己，他心中五味俱全，感慨时光飞逝。
Seeing himself in his youth in the old photo, he felt a surge of mixed emotions, lamenting the fleeting time.
离别多年后重返故乡，眼前的景象让他五味俱全。
Returning to his hometown after many years of separation, he felt a complex mix of emotions at the sight before him.
这场比赛的跌宕起伏，让观众们看得五味俱全，心情久久不能平静。
The ups and downs of this game made the audience feel a mix of emotions, and their moods couldn't calm down for a long time.
品尝着奶奶亲手做的饭菜，他感受到了五味俱全的家的味道。
Tasting the food cooked by his grandmother, he felt the rich flavors of home.
经历了人生的起起落落，他对“五味俱全”的含义有了更深的理解。
After experiencing the ups and downs of life, he has a deeper understanding of the meaning of "all five flavors".
电影的结局出人意料，让观众在感动中体会到五味俱全的滋味。
The unexpected ending of the movie makes the audience feel a mix of emotions in their感动.
1. 拼音：tóu shí wèn lù
2. 意思：原指夜间行路时投掷石块，以探测前方路况；后比喻在行动或做事前，先以某种试探性的举动了解情况，观察反应，为后续决策提供依据。
3. 出处：源自古代民间俗语，后在《三侠五义》等古典小说中被使用，如“此名为‘投石问路’，下面或是有沟，或是有水，有个防备。”
4. 近义词：
敲山震虎（通过试探性行动威慑对方，暴露其底细）
探囊取物（此处指以小行动试探情况，类似“投石”的试探逻辑）
见微知著（从细微举动中察觉趋势，含试探后的推断）
5. 反义词：
贸然行事（不经过试探或考虑就轻率行动）
直截了当（直接行动，不做铺垫或试探）
孤注一掷（不做任何试探，仅凭一次行动决定成败）
6. 例句及英文翻译：
他先以合作意向书投石问路，观察对方的真实态度。
He first threw a stone to ask the way with a letter of intent to cooperate, observing the other party's true attitude.
新产品先在小范围试销，这是投石问路的营销策略。
The new product is first test-marketed in a small range, which is a marketing strategy of "throwing a stone to ask the way".
谈判中，他故意提及价格敏感点，实则是投石问路。
In the negotiation, he deliberately mentioned the price-sensitive point, which was actually a probe.
侦探通过匿名电话投石问路，试图引出嫌疑人的破绽。
The detective threw a stone to ask the way through an anonymous phone call, trying to引出 the suspect's flaws.
他以请教问题为由投石问路，想了解对方对项目的真实看法。
He asked questions as a pretext to throw a stone to ask the way, wanting to understand the other party's true views on the project.
编剧先发布片段投石问路，根据观众反馈调整剧情走向。
The screenwriter first released clips to throw a stone to ask the way, adjusting the plot direction based on audience feedback.
投资者以小额资金投石问路，确认市场稳定性后再大规模投入。
Investors throw a stone to ask the way with small funds, and then invest on a large scale after confirming market stability.
外交发言常以模糊表述投石问路，避免过早暴露立场。
Diplomatic statements often throw a stone to ask the way with vague expressions to avoid exposing positions too early.
她借闲聊投石问路，想知道朋友是否了解那件事的真相。
She threw a stone to ask the way through casual chat, wanting to know if her friend knew the truth of that matter.
导演用概念预告片投石问路，测试观众对科幻题材的接受度。
The director threw a stone to ask the way with a concept trailer to test the audience's acceptance of the sci-fi genre.
1. 拼音：rì sī yè xiǎng
2. 意思：白天和夜晚都在思考、想念，形容极度挂念或渴望某件事或某个人。
3. 出处：无特定古籍出处，是常用的表达情感状态的成语。
4. 近义词：
朝思暮想：从早到晚思念不已，多用于男女恋情，和日思夜想意思相近，都强调思念的持续和强烈。
魂牵梦绕：形容万分思念，在梦中都牵挂，突出思念深入灵魂，与日思夜想类似，表达对人或事物的深深眷恋。
5. 反义词：
置之脑后：把它放在脑袋后边去了，形容完全忘掉，与日思夜想相反，体现对事物的忽视和不关心。
漠不关心：对人对事感情冷漠，淡然处之，不放在心上，和日思夜想形成鲜明对比，突出没有思念之情。
6. 例句：
他日思夜想的就是能早日回到家乡。
这位老人日思夜想着在远方的子女。
科学家们日思夜想，只为攻克那道技术难题。
她日思夜想有一天能成为著名的舞蹈家。
他日思夜想那个曾经帮助过他的陌生人，希望能再次相见。
战士们日思夜想的是胜利和和平。
他对那丢失的宝贝日思夜想，到处寻找。
小女孩日思夜想她的宠物狗，希望它能回来。
画家日思夜想那片美丽的风景，想要把它画下来。
他日思夜想和家人团聚，这种情感越来越强烈。
1. 拼音：mào míng dǐng tì
2. 意思：指冒用别人的姓名或身份，代替他人去做事或窃取其权益，通常用于形容欺骗性的行为。
3. 出处：源自明代吴承恩《西游记》第二十五回：“你走了便罢，却怎么绑些柳树在此，冒名顶替？”后泛指以假充真的欺骗行为。
4. 近义词：
李代桃僵（用甲代替乙，比喻以此代彼或代人受过）
偷梁换柱（暗中用手段更换人或事物，以假乱真）
鱼目混珠（用假的或劣质的东西冒充真的或好的东西）
5. 反义词：
真名实姓（用真实的姓名，不隐瞒身份）
表里如一（言行与身份一致，没有欺骗）
光明正大（行为坦率公开，不搞欺骗隐瞒）
6. 例句及英文翻译：
他因冒名顶替他人参加考试被当场抓获。
He was caught on the spot for pretending to be someone else to take the exam.
这部小说揭露了冒名顶替者窃取家族遗产的阴谋。
The novel exposes the conspiracy of an impostor stealing family inheritance.
警方发现有人冒名顶替公司高管实施诈骗。
The police found that someone impersonated a company executive to carry out fraud.
冒名顶替签下合同，这种行为已构成违法。
Signing a contract under someone else's name has constituted a violation of the law.
她发现自己的身份被人冒名顶替，急忙报警处理。
She found that her identity had been impersonated and hurried to call the police.
历史上曾有冒名顶替者试图篡夺王位的记载。
There are records of impostors trying to usurp the throne in history.
比赛严禁冒名顶替，违者将被取消参赛资格。
Impersonation is strictly prohibited in the competition, and violators will be disqualified.
他靠冒名顶替获得的职位，最终还是被揭穿了。
The position he obtained by impersonation was eventually exposed.
电影中的主角被冒名顶替，陷入了重重危机。
The protagonist in the movie was impersonated and fell into重重 crises.
平台需加强审核，防止用户账号被冒名顶替使用。
Platforms need to strengthen review to prevent user accounts from being impersonated and used.
1. 拼音：dà mèng chū xǐng
2. 意思：像做了一场大梦才醒。比喻被错误的东西蒙蔽了许久，开始醒悟过来。
3. 出处：《庄子·齐物论》：“且有大觉，而后知此其大梦也。”
4. 近义词：
如梦初醒：像刚从梦中醒来。比喻过去一直糊涂，在别人或事实的启发下，刚刚明白过来，和大梦初醒类似，都表示从迷惑状态到清醒的转变。
恍然大悟：形容一下子明白过来，强调突然之间对事物的理解，与大梦初醒相近，都是一种思想上的觉醒。
5. 反义词：
执迷不悟：坚持错误而不觉悟，和大梦初醒相反，突出持续处于迷惑、错误的状态。
蒙昧无知：指没有知识，不明事理，常形容人处于糊涂、未觉醒的状态，与大梦初醒形成鲜明对比。
6. 例句：
经过老师的一番教导，他大梦初醒，意识到自己之前的错误。
当看到事情的真相时，他犹如大梦初醒，后悔不已。
破产的打击让他大梦初醒，明白了过去经营中的问题。
她在经历了那次挫折后，大梦初醒，决定改变自己的生活方式。
直到失去了健康，他才大梦初醒，知道健康的重要性。
听到专家的分析，他大梦初醒，明白了投资的风险。
在朋友的提醒下，他大梦初醒，发现自己陷入了一个骗局。
这次失败就像一盆冷水，让他大梦初醒，重新审视自己的计划。
她大梦初醒般地意识到，自己一直追求的东西其实并不重要。
当他了解到事情的全貌后，大梦初醒，改变了自己的看法。
1. 拼音：jīng diāo xì kè
2. 意思：指对事物进行精心细致的雕琢刻画，形容做事精益求精，注重细节，力求完美，多用于艺术创作、工艺制作或工作态度等方面。
3. 出处：源自近代汉语，常用于描述手工艺或艺术创作的精细过程，如“这个玉器的纹饰精雕细刻，堪称珍品”，后逐渐成为常用成语。
4. 近义词：
精益求精（比喻已经很好了，还要求更好，强调追求极致）
千锤百炼（经过反复锤炼，形容作品或技艺精心打造）
一丝不苟（做事认真细致，一点儿不马虎，注重细节把控）
5. 反义词：
粗制滥造（制作粗劣，不讲究质量，敷衍了事）
敷衍了事（做事不认真，只求应付过去就算完事）
偷工减料（暗中削减工序或用料，形容做事不认真）
6. 例句及英文翻译：
这位工匠对每一件作品都精雕细刻，耗时数月才完成。
The craftsman carves and engraves each work meticulously, taking months to complete.
这部小说的情节和人物塑造都经过精雕细刻，深受读者喜爱。
The plot and character塑造 of this novel have been meticulously crafted, deeply loved by readers.
园林里的石雕栏杆精雕细刻，展现了古代工匠的高超技艺。
The stone-carved railings in the garden are exquisitely carved, showing the superb skills of ancient craftsmen.
她对演讲稿精雕细刻，反复修改了数十次才最终定稿。
She meticulously carved the speech, revising it dozens of times before finalizing it.
这座宫殿的壁画历经精雕细刻，至今仍色彩鲜艳。
The murals of this palace have been meticulously carved and are still brightly colored today.
厨师将食材精雕细刻成花鸟形状，让菜肴成为艺术品。
The chef carves the ingredients into the shapes of flowers and birds, making the dishes works of art.
设计师对服装的每一个细节都精雕细刻，追求极致的美感。
The designer carves every detail of the clothing meticulously, pursuing the ultimate beauty.
这部电影的特效经过精雕细刻，给观众带来震撼的视觉体验。
The special effects of this movie have been meticulously crafted, bringing a shocking visual experience to the audience.
他精雕细刻地打磨木勺，希望将其作为送给父亲的礼物。
He meticulously polishes the wooden spoon, hoping to give it as a gift to his father.
传统剪纸艺术需要精雕细刻的耐心，方能呈现复杂的图案。
Traditional paper-cutting art requires the patience of meticulous carving to present complex patterns.
1. 拼音：kě yǒu kě wú
2. 意思：指事物存在与否对整体影响不大，或并非必不可少，形容重要性较低，可保留也可舍弃。
3. 出处：源自清代曹雪芹《红楼梦》第二十回：“因此把一切都看成浊物，可有可无。”后用于表示事物的非必要性。
4. 近义词：
无关紧要（指不重要，不会影响大局）
无足轻重（意思是没有它并不轻些，有它也并不重些，指无关紧要）
微不足道（非常渺小，不值得一提，强调重要性低）
5. 反义词：
不可或缺（表示非常重要，不能有一点点的缺失）
至关重要（相当地重要，在要紧关头是不可缺少的）
举足轻重（指处于重要地位，一举一动都足以影响全局）
6. 例句及英文翻译：
这段剧情在电影中可有可无，删减后不影响主线。
This plot is dispensable in the movie and does not affect the main line after deletion.
他觉得这些应酬可有可无，更愿意在家看书。
He thinks these social engagements are可有可无 and prefers to read books at home.
对于项目进度而言，这个环节并非可有可无，而是关键步骤。
For the project progress, this link is not dispensable but a key step.
桌上的装饰品看似可有可无，却能提升房间的氛围感。
The decorations on the table seem dispensable, but they can enhance the atmosphere of the room.
有些规则在新时代显得可有可无，需要重新修订。
Some rules seem dispensable in the new era and need to be revised.
他在团队中扮演的角色并非可有可无，而是核心成员。
The role he plays in the team is not dispensable but a core member.
这篇文章的结尾段落可有可无，显得有些冗余。
The ending paragraph of this article is dispensable and seems a bit redundant.
对她来说，物质享受可有可无，精神富足才是追求。
For her, material enjoyment is dispensable, and spiritual richness is the pursuit.
会议上的部分议程可有可无，导致时间浪费。
Some agendas at the meeting are dispensable, leading to time waste.
这个功能在软件中并非可有可无，而是用户高频使用的模块。
This function is not dispensable in the software but a module frequently used by users.
1. 拼音：ér nǚ qìng jia
2. 意思：指因子女结婚而结成的亲戚关系，通常用于称呼双方父母之间的亲家关系。
3. 出处：源自明代吴承恩《西游记》第五十三回：“你两个就做个儿女亲家罢。”后成为描述家庭联姻关系的常用成语。
4. 近义词：
亲家翁（指子女配偶的父亲，用于当面或背后称呼）
亲家母（指子女配偶的母亲，用于当面或背后称呼）
联姻之家（指通过婚姻结成亲戚关系的家庭）
5. 反义词：
毫无瓜葛（指彼此没有任何牵连或关系）
素不相识（向来不认识、不熟悉，形容关系陌生）
非亲非故（既不是亲属，也不是朋友，指彼此没有任何关系）
6. 例句及英文翻译：
两家人成了儿女亲家后，走动得比以前更频繁了。
After the two families became in-laws through their children's marriage, they visit each other more frequently.
他与亲家翁在酒桌上相谈甚欢，约定下次一起钓鱼。
He had a cheerful conversation with his son-in-law's father at the dinner table and agreed to go fishing together next time.
儿女亲家间的相处之道，关键在于互相尊重与理解。
The key to getting along between in-laws is mutual respect and understanding.
婚礼上，双方儿女亲家共同上台致辞，场面温馨感人。
At the wedding, the parents of both sides came to the stage together to give a speech, and the scene was warm and touching.
自从成为儿女亲家，两家人经常一起过节，关系愈发亲密。
Since becoming in-laws, the two families often spend festivals together, and their relationship has become closer.
他特意买了茶叶送给亲家母，希望能增进彼此的感情。
He specially bought tea for his daughter-in-law's mother, hoping to enhance their relationship.
作为儿女亲家，双方在教育孙辈的问题上达成了共识。
As in-laws, both sides reached a consensus on the issue of educating their grandchildren.
儿女亲家间偶尔会有分歧，但总能通过沟通解决。
There may be occasional differences between in-laws, but they can always be resolved through communication.
这对年轻人结婚后，两家人以儿女亲家的身份常来常往。
After the young couple got married, the two families often visited each other as in-laws.
春节时，儿女亲家聚在一起吃年夜饭，气氛热闹非凡。
During the Spring Festival, in-laws gathered together for the New Year's Eve dinner, and the atmosphere was extremely lively.
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